• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.61 no.4
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• pp.417-421
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• 2018

Ultraviolet rays are electromagnetic waves with a shorter wavelength than visible light, and ultraviolet rays that pass through the ozone layer are the main cause of skin aging. Chronic exposure of skin tissue to ultraviolet light activates the Mitogen-activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs) signaling pathways in human keratinocytes, resulting in increased production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). In this study, we investigated the herbal extracts from Jeju Island on the anti-aging effect in human keratinocytes (HaCaTs) by ultraviolet stimulation. We examined that herb extract from Jeju Island were decreased in anti-aging activity on measuring the level of MMP-1 gene and protein expression in ultraviolet-induced keratinocytes. As a result, it was confirmed that Thymus quinquecostatus extract (TQE) significantly reduced the expression of MMP-1 in a dose-dependent manner by UV irradiated HaCaTs. According to our data, TQE significantly attenuated UV-induced phosphorylation of the MAPKs signaling elements ERK1/2, JNK1/2 and p38 proteins. These results suggest that the MAPKs pathway may contribute to the inhibitory effect of TQE on UV-induced MMP-1 production in human keratinocytes. Our results suggest that TQE may be a protective agent against skin aging by preventing UV-induced MMP-1 production.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.639-644
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of the light-emitting-diode (LED) to investigate proliferation of human epidermal keratinocyte and collagen, procollagen expression. In order to determine whether LED irradiation can safely be applied to human skin, the proliferative effects of LED irradiation were determined by MTS assay in Human Epidermal Keratinocytes. Wavelength of 470nm LED irradiation increased mRNA expression of collagen, procollagen without cytotoxity. Our results suggest that 470nm LED irradiation may have a proliferative effects and collagen synthesis property. In order to determine whether LED irradiation can safely be applied to human skin, the cytotoxic effects of LED irradiation were determined by MTS assay in Human Dermal Fibroblasts (HDF). As far as we know, this is the first report demonstrating in vitro collagen synthesis activity of 470nm LED irradiation and being a scientific basis for the cosmetic.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.75-81
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• 2013

Chrysin (5,7-dihydroxyflavone) is a natural flavonoid found in various plants and foods such as propolis and honey. It has been reported that chrysin has various biological effects including antioxidant, anti-aging, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer. In this study, we investigated the effect of chrysin on the transcriptional activity of VDR in human epidermal keratinocytes by performing dual-luciferase assay. Chrysin significantly induced the transcriptional activity of VDR in a concentration-dependent manner. The VDR mRNA expression was investigated by quantitative real time PCR and chrysin increased the VDR mRNA expression in normal human epidermal keratinocytes. We also found that chrysin increased the expression of keratinocyte differentiation markers such as keratin 10, involucrin and filaggrin. Therefore, the results suggest that chrysin can stimulate the differentiation of human keratinocytes by increasing transcriptional activity of VDR.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.245-251
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• 2010

In this study, we applied 15% glycolic acid peeling agent and 30% glycolic acid peeling agent to the dorsal skin of mice and analyzed the oil content, moisture content, and pH value of the skin before and after test using cutometer. Ultrastructure for changes in the epidermis of mice were observed under a dermoscope and a scanning electron microscope before and after test. When using 15% glycolic acid peeling agent, the changes of moisture content was measured 74.67 AU for the normal control group and 70.21 AU for the experimental group, the oil content was 13.49 mg/$cm^2$ for the normal control group before test and 8.25 mg/$cm^2$ after test, and the pH value was 6.70 and 5.36 before and after test, respectively. When using 30% glycolic acid peeling agent, the moisture content was measured 74.46 AU for the normal control group before test and 53.50 AU for the experimental group after test, the oil content was 13.82mg/$cm^2$ and 5.70 mg/$cm^2$ before and after test, and the pH value was 6.45 and 4.58 before and after test, respectively. As such, it was found that the changes of moisture and oil content on the skin rely on the concentration of peeling agent and the degree of exfoliation of keratin. The surface of stratum corneum of mice with application of 15% glycolic acid peeling agent was relatively smooth and the exposed cellular surface of keratinocyte had some wrinkles. The surface of stratum corneum of mice with application of 30% glycolic acid peeling agent was smooth. No wrinkles were observed under high-resolution scanning electron microscope.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.447-453
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• 2018

Acetyl hexapeptide 8 (AH8) is a synthetic peptide for anti-wrinkle cosmetics ingredient. It was developed as a mimetic of botox, patternd after N -terminal end of the protein synatosomal-associated protein 25 (SNAP25), a substrate of botulinum toxin. While AH8 has good efficacy and safety profiles, the permeation through the skin is poor. Therefore, we tried to enhance the transdermal delivery of AH8 by using of hyaluonic acid (HA), a linear polysaccharide of N-acetyl glucosamine and glucuronic acid. To investigate the effect of HA on AH8 penetration, we analyzed paraffin sections of $Micropig^{(R)}$ skin. Fluorescence labeled AH8 was applied to micropig skin with or without HA. The absorption of AH8 was limited to the stratum corneum (SC) without HA. On the other hand, AH8 penetrated to the dermis with HA. Especially, low molecular weight HA (5 kDa) was most efficient compared to 500 kDa HA and 2000 kDa HA. Experiments using fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy revealed that lower molecular weight HA had a tendency to increase the fluidity of the SC lipids more, which means enhancing the skin penetration. Therefore, HA could be expected to enhance the anti-wrinkle effect of AH8.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.455-463
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• 2018

Skin elasticity has been known to be influenced by the change of dermal components such as collagen, elastic fiber, and glycosaminoglycans. However, it is unclear whether the uppermost epidermis may affect the mechanical characteristics of elasticity. In present study we tried to find the role of stratum corneum when determining the elastic property under skin bioengineering measurement with $Cutometer^{(R)}$. A total of 10 healthy volunteers aged 25-40 years were investigated by the parameters reflecting the skin elasticity from face and volar forearm. Within various ranges of suction pressure, R0 (=Uf), R7 (=Ur/Uf) and R8 (=Ua) were obtained to explore the depth-associated elasticity. In addition, these parameters were re-measured after the skin was fully hydrated. As results, we found that the measurement of depth-associated elasticity was possible as using various suction pressure. And the R7 parameter was significantly lower from face than those from forearm in before hydration (p < 0.05). Also, we found that the hydration of stratum corneum could affect skin elasticity. Especially, the R7 parameter at 300 mbar suction pressure of face skin showed significantly increased values than that of before hydration (p < 0.05). Interestingly, measured data from the face before and after hydration manifested relatively higher variation than from the forearm. These results suggest that it is possible to evaluate the skin elasticity considering the changes of stratum corneum and epidermis by using various suction pressure and skin hydration.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.99-105
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• 2021

This study was conducted to identify the efficacy related to skin barrier functions such as anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, cornified envelope formation and the alleviation effect of keratinocyte damage caused by S. aureus using the callus extract, which was induced and extracted from the leaves of Gynostemma pentaphyllum in Ulleungdo Island. In order to confirm the anti-inflammatory effect of the G. pentaphyllum callus extract on the skin, the expression of inflammatory cytokines was investigated in primary epidermal keratinocytes (HEKa) activated with PAR-2 agonist, and the G. pentaphyllum callus extract showed IL-8, IL-25, and TSLP production inhibitory effect. β-Hexosaminidase assay using RBL-2H3 cells was performed to confirm the anti-allergic efficacy, and G. pentaphyllum callus extract showed the effect of inhibiting the release of β-hexosaminidase. In addition, G. pentaphyllum callus extract showed the cornified envelope formation effect in HaCaT cells, and through the co-culture experiment with HaCaT cells and S. aureus, it showed alleviation effect of keratinocyte damage caused by S. aureus. Therefore, G. pentaphyllum callus extract is considered to be a useful cosmetic material for improving skin barrier with anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic and alleviation effect of keratinocyte damage caused by S. aureus.

• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
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• 2004.09a
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• pp.141-157
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• 2004

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.356-358
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• 2003

The use of cultured epidermal sheet grafts for large full-thickness wound has been tempered by weak points such as long culture periods, difficulty in handling the fragile sheets, high costs and the detachment of the skin cells from the culture dishes by enzymatic digestion. To overcome the drawback of epidermal sheet grafts, we have developed a transplantation method to spray the cultured human keratinocytes with the mixtures of rhEGF and fibrin gel matrix to the full-thickness wounds on the dorsum of the athymic mice to regenerate epithelial layers. Wound biopsies were retrieved at 7, 14 and 21 days after transplantation and retrieved biopsies were analyzed by histology and immunohistochemistry. Transplanted keratinocytes and EGF-fibriin gel accelerated wound regeneration compared with control groups. The technique developed in this study overcomes the drawbacks of the current cultured epidermal sheet grafts and accelerates epidermal wound healing.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.343-347
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• 2016

Keratinophilic fungus (KPF), a type of dermatophytes, is usually present as normal flora on the skin of humans and animals but can produce ring worm-like dermatophytosis by invading the skin in infected individuals. They are distributed worldwide, but their occurrences vary distinctively in accordance with the geographical location and environmental change. Because these fungi grow by degrading keratin, they are abundantly found on the skin, hair, and nails, which are rich in keratin. To investigate the presence of keratinophilic fungi in the soil, we selected a popular beach in South Korea, Haeundae Beach, where numerous people gather each year during the summer holidays. Hundred soil samples were analyzed using the hair-baiting technique, among which, a total of 23 colonies of KPF were identified from 21 soil samples. The identified KPF were Microsporum gypseum (43%), Chrysosporium spp. (35%), Trichophyton ajelloi (13%), and Microsporum cookie (9%). This study confirmed that pathogenic fungi can be found in places crowded by many people. Further research and continuous data collection are needed to confirm the distribution of pathogenic KPF.