• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.380-385
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• 2008

Microstomia can be occurred as a result of direct injury to tissues such as chemical, thermal and electrical burns, and animal bites. It also may be secondary to contracture of burned perioral skin, or may result from scarring after reconstructive lip surgery. Narrowing of the oral aperture is not only disfiguring, but also limiting the oral access needed for introduction of food, insertion of dentures, oral hygiene, and dental treatment. Limited mouth opening may also interfere with mastication and speech. Few reports exist regarding correction of microstomia and reconstruction of the corners of the mouth. A 16-year-old girl with a bilateral cleft lip and palate presented with the limited mouth opening (approximately 20 mm), the esthetic problem due to the small lip, and the cleft lip-nasal deformity. The microstomia was corrected by bilateral commissuroplasty using "over and out" buccal mucosa flaps proposed by Converse. The intercommissure distance was increased from the preoperative 40 mm to the postoperative 60 mm. The one-year postoperative intercommissure distance was 54 mm, because the 6 mm relapse was occurred. The bilateral commissuroplasty using "over and out" buccal mucosa flap could increase the width and general size of the oral aperture and improve the lip appearance.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.41-58
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• 1998

얼굴표정과 내적상태의 관계 모형을 수립하기 위한 기초 자료로서 얼굴표정과 내적상태의 대응 관계를 조사하였다. 심리적으로 최소유의미거리에 있는 두 내적상태는 서로 구별되는 얼굴표정으로 대응된다는 것을 확인함으로써 얼굴표정과 내적상태의 일대일 대응 관계가 성립한다는 것을 발견하였다. 얼굴표정 차원값과 내적상태 차원값의 관계 구조를 파악하기 위하여 중다희귀분석 및 정준상관분석을 실시한 결과, 쾌-불쾌는 입의 너비에 의해서 각성-수면은 눈과 입이 열린 정도에 의해서 얼굴표정에 민감하게 반영되는 것으로 나타났다. 얼굴표정 차원 열 두 개가 내적상태 차원상의 변화를 설명하는 정도는 50%내외였다. 선형모형이 이처럼 높은 예측력을 갖는다는 것은 이 두 변수 사이에 비교적 단순한 수리적 대응 구조가 존재한다는 것을 암시한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 1998.04a
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• pp.118-123
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• 1998

얼굴표정과 내적상태의 관계 모형을 수립하기 위한 기초 자료로서 얼굴표정과 내적상태의 대응관계를 조사하였다. 심리적으로 최소유의미거리에 있는 두 내적상태는 서로 구별되는 얼굴표정과 내적상태의 일대일 대응 관계가 성립한다는 것을 발결하였다. 얼굴표정 차원값과 내적상태 차원값의 관계 구조를 파악하기 위하여 중다회귀분석을 실시한 결과, 쾌-불쾌상태는 입의 너비에 의해서, 각성-수면상태는 눈과 입이 열린 정도에 의해서 얼굴표정에 민감하게 반영되는 것으로 나타났다. 얼굴표정 차원 열 두개가 내적상태 차원 상의 변화를 설명하는 정도는 40%내외였다. 선형모형이 이처럼 높은 예측력을 갖는다는 것은 이 두 변수 사이에 비교적 단순한 수리적 대응 구조가 존재한다는 것을 암시한다.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.2225-2233
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• 2013

This study was designed to identify the extent of incident shock who are in high risk of post traumatic shock stress, and analyze the related factors that affect the extent of incident shock. The subjects are 415 rescue workers from Seoul Metropolitan Fire & Disaster Headquarters, who are in high frequency of fire outbreaks and rescue mobilization. With a reliability of Cronbach's ${\alpha}$=.975, the results show invasion, avoidance, sleep disorder and emotional paralysis, dissociative symptom, hyper arousal as foremost causes respectively. Moreover, the results imply that the extent of incident shock was higher in people with more age or being married. Also, from the occupational perspective, the number of years as fire fighters, as rescue workers, mobilization and experiences at work in proportion to incident shocks has risen exponentially. It is notable that the groups who alleviate stress by consuming liquors had higher extent of incident shock. In conclusion, to deal with groups in high risk, management system and prevention care programs for incident shocks need to be introduced immediately and put into effect.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.85-102
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of Logistic Information System on performance by efficiency of internal operation and organizational innovation. The results of this study as follows : The characteristic variable evaluation model that extended from the performance(user's value, perceived usefulness) of Logistic Information System were verified meaningfully. In this study, the efficiency of internal operation and organizational innovation were very important factor, to analyze the effects of Logistic Information System on performance. This study expect that Logistic Information System will achieve their Logistic Information System competitiveness through continuous quality measurement and improvement to increase the performance.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.600-612
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• 1996

Background : Recent studies deported that untreated patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome had high long-term mortality rates, and cardiovascular complications of these patients clad a major effect on mortality. Several data indicates that obstructive sheep apnea syndrome contributes to the development of diurnal systemic hypertension. But the pathophysiological mechanism of the development of systemic hypertension in these patients is still uncertain. This study was performed to evaluate the possible role of sympathetic nervous system activity for the development of systemic hypertension in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Method : 35 patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome(OSAS) and 13 Control subjects(control) were included in this study. 21 patients of OSAS were normotensives(OSAS-NBP), and 14 patients of OSAS were hypertensives(OSAS-HBP). Full night polysomnography was undertaken to all subjects. We measured plasma norepinephrine(NE) and epinephrine(EP) concentrations during waking and sleep, using high performance liquid chromatography, in all patients and control subjects. Results : In OSAS, OSAS-NBP and control, plasma NE and EP concentrations during sleep were lowed than during waking(p<0.01). But, in OSAS-HBP, these was no difference between during waking and sleep. Plasma NE concentrations during sleep of OSAS, OSAS-NBP and OSAS-HBP were higher than Control(p<0.05). In OSAS-HBP, daytime systolic blood pressure correlated with plasma NE concentration during sleep(r=0.7415, p<0.01), arid correlated inversely with mean arterial oxygen saturation(r=-0.6465, p<0.05) or arterial oxygen saturation nadir(r=-0.6) 14, p<0.05) during sleep. Conclusion : The sympathetic activity during sleep of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome patients was higher than control subjects. In obstructive sleep apnea syndrome patients with systemic hypertension, there was no diurnal variation of sympathetic activity, and there was correlation between daytime systolic blood pressure and sympathetic activity during sleep. These data suggests that chronic hyperactivity of sympathetic nervous system may contribute to the development of diurnal systemic hypertension in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.55-66
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• 2022

Many studies have shown that musical dissonance generally evokes negative affect, but few studies detail how distinct dissonant intervals, ranging in various roughness, influence emotions and cognition. This research entailed two experiments to confirm whether varying musical intervals of dissonance trigger particular negative emotions and increase cognitive interference. Experiment 1 assumed that different dissonant intervals would elicit distinct negative emotions. In a survey involving 131 participants, there was an overwhelming consensus that dissonant intervals elicited stronger high arousal negative affect than low arousal negative affect. The major 7th degree was found to evoke a significantly stronger feeling of scared. Experiment 2 investigated whether emotions-affecting dissonance would have an enhancing effect on cognitive interference. According to a color-word Stroop task conducted on 81 participants, the presence of any dissonant sound caused significantly higher reaction times and error rates than in the absence of sound. In particular, the minor 2nd degree was cognitively the most disruptive and associated with the slowest reaction times. This paper shows how different ranges of dissonance can effectively influence negative affect and heighten cognitive interference.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.387-396
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• 2013

In this study, the influence of classroom smells (foot odor, hair smell, sour smell, and sweat smell) of male high school and sweat smell and the offensive odor substance (ammonia and butyric acid) on the electroencephalography (EEG) activities of 20 female volunteers, ranging in age from 30 to 50 were studied. The representative response of brainwave index by these smells stimuli was most pronounced on temporal lobes among the brain lobes. By comparison with background EEG activities on temporal lobes, the smells reduced the relative alpha band power (0.04~0.13) and increased the relative beta band power (0.02~0.06) and the relative gamma band power (0.03~0.09). The alpha wave was deactivated, high beta (18~30Hz) and gamma (30~50Hz) waves were remarkably activated. The order of EEG fluctuation caused by the smell stimulus is as follows; hair smell > butyric acid > foot odor, sour smell > ammonia > sweat smell. It means that the classroom smells cause an excessive brain arousal and straining and may be reducing one's attention and learning ability.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.35-46
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• 2019

Artificial intelligence (AI) technology has been evolving to recognize and learn the languages, voice tones, and facial expressions of users so that they can respond to users' emotions in various contexts. Many AI-based services of particular importance in communications with users provide emotional interaction. However, research on nonverbal interaction as a means of expressing emotion in the AI system is still insufficient. We studied the effect of lighting on users' emotional interaction with an AI device, focusing on color and flickering motion. The AI device used in this study expresses emotions with six colors of light (red, yellow, green, blue, purple, and white) and with a three-level flickering effect (high, middle, and low velocity). We studied the responses of 50 men and women in their 20s and 30s to the emotions expressed by the light colors and flickering effects of the AI device. We found that each light color represented an emotion that was largely similar to the user's emotional image shown in a previous color-sensibility study. The rate of flickering of the lights produced changes in emotional arousal and balance. The change in arousal patterns produced similar intensities of all colors. On the other hand, changes in balance patterns were somewhat related to the emotional image in the previous color-sensibility study, but the colors were different. As AI systems and devices are becoming more diverse, our findings are expected to contribute to designing the users emotional with AI devices through lighting.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.193-202
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to determine the sites of narrowing/obstruction and to measure the regional severity of narrowing through the evaluation of dynamic changes in upper-airway of healthy subjects. The selected 9 subjects were proved not to have any sleep-related disorder such as snoring or obstructive sleep apnea through clinical examination, radiological examination, sleep study with a portable recording system. Afterward, the Electron Beam Tomography was performed during the waking and sleeping state of subjects, with their mandible in resting and protruded position. Intravenous injection of Dormicum$^{(R)}$ was used for the induction of sleep. The maximum and minimum cross-sectional areas at each airway level during tidal ventilation were measured and the Collapsibility Index for each level of cross-section was also computed. In a comparison with results under variable conditions, the result was showed that the significant difference between each airway level divided with upper, middle, lower region of upper airway is not observed in the average minimum cross-sectional areas and Collapsibility Index. The significant difference only between in wake and sleep state was observed in the average minimum cross-sectional area at the lower region. Also, in wake state, the significant difference between resting and protrusive position of mandible for the average minimum was also observed in cross-sectional area at middle region. In sleep state, no significant difference between resting and protrusive position of mandible was observed in cross-sectional area and the Collapsibility Index.