• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.123-138
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• 2002

The assessment of the 678 6th grade subjects of this study was with the Perry, Kusel, and Perry(1988) Modified Peer Nomination Inventory and the Daily Hassles Coping Scale for Children (Min & Yoo, 1998). Findings were that 14% of the children were bullies, 14% were victims, and 11% were bully/victims(bullies in one situation and victims in a different situation). Sex differences showed that boys who are victims and bully/victims used more passive coping than bully type boys. Bully and bully/victim types used more aggressive coping; victim types used more evasive coping. For girls, bully and bully/victim types used more passive coping than the victim types, who used more evasive coping. Bully types used more social support-seeking in their coping than victims and bully/victim types.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.93-108
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• 2004

This study investigated personality and environmental variables influencing peer bullying by sex and by differences between bullies, victims, bully-victims, and normal children. Findings were that the proportion of the total sample involved in peer bullying was 47.88%. Of the bullying children, 38.15% were bully-victims, followed by victims and bullies. The bullying of both boys and girls was influenced by exposure to violence, delinquent friends, and peer support. Bullies had higher levels of aggression and exposure to violence than normal children and higher levels of peer support than victims. Victims had higher levels of delinquent friends and exposure to violence than normal children. Bully-victims showed higher levels of aggression, immaturity, delinquent friends, exposure to violence and lower levels of peer support than normal children.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.28-36
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was done to provide basic data for education of elementary school students on life-respect and peer bullying prevention. Methods: Participants were 5th and 6th grade elementary school students. Data from the questionnaires of 218 participants were analyzed. Results: 1) The mean score for degree of life-respect was 4.23 (${\pm}0.38$). The types of peer bullying were 'defenders of victims' ($3.19{\pm}0.93$), 'bullies' ($2.04{\pm}0.72$), 'victims' ($1.91{\pm}0.84$), 'bystanders' ($1.79{\pm}0.80$), and 'bully-followers' ($1.66{\pm}0.60$). 2) There was a significant difference in the degree of life-respect according to gender (t=-2.410, p=.017). Likewise, in the degree of peer bullying, among the type of 'bullies' there were significant differences according to grade (t=-2.285, p=.004), and gender (t=3.191, p=.002). Also, among the types of 'bully-followers' there were significant differences according to gender (t=2.053, p=.041), and having a religion or not (t=3.319, p=.001). 3) There was a significant correlation between life-respect and types of peer bullying. Conclusion: The results of this study provide helps for more effective provision of educational programs regarding life-respect and peer bullying.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.198-206
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the damage caused by rodents in the area around Seseokpyeongjeon in Jirisan National Park and identify suspected perpetrating species by analyzing rodent excrement found near the damaged trees. Damaged trees were surveyed regardless of species of trees in the exploration trail in the target site where visual observation was possible. Sequencing analysis of mitochondrial DNA Cyt-b was performed on rodent excrement around the damaged trees to identify the perpetrating species. A total of 52 trees were damaged by rodents, and they were all identified to be Korean Fir (Abies koreana) and were concentrated in places where Korean Fir formed communities with high density. A total of 40 Korean Fir over 1.5 meters high were surveyed, and only the affected branches, not the whole tree, were found to be withered in 39 of them. A total of 12 Korean Fir under 1.5 meters high were surveyed, and 7 of which were found to have been completely withered, indicating that relatively young trees were more vulnerable to withering. The genetic sequencing analysis of excrement confirmed that the species that perpetrated the Korean Fir was Craseomys regulus.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.148-152
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• 1994

This study was carried out to investigate insect specles of Kiwi fruit, and ecological characteristicsof Stathmopoda m Chonnam province from 1991 to 1993 Twelve families and thirteen specieswere identified during the study. Sfothmopoda aurijerello and mulberp scale were key insect pestsamong them. The body sizes of each stage of S. a~irijereilo was measured and found to be 0.12 mmfor egg, 9.8 mm for mature lawa. 5.9 mm for pupae and 123mm for adult with opened wings.S, ouriferelia appers to have two generations a yea Adults occut~ed from late May to midJulyand mid-August to early September Mth two peaks m early to midJune and late August. Changein age structure (% lawe: % pupae) over time was 100: 0 in earlyJul, 96. 1 . 3 9 in midduly. 64.9:35 1 in late July. 19.8 . 80 2 in early August, and 0 : 100 in mld-August Damaged fruit was 4 6%in early July, increase above 40% 1" midJuly, and then the damage surpassed the damage threshold.The rate of fruit damaged was 45.9%, and there wbi no significant dtfferences among countiesDamaged parts of fruits were manly fruit apex Mth 70% and followed by fruit stalk w~th 11.1%.The rate of fruit damaged by varieties were Hayward with 25.7%. Monty with 17 5%. Hyangrokwith 13.9%, Abott with 9.3% and Bruno with 6.0%. with 9.3% and Bruno with 6.0%.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.146-165
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• 1973

Crop damages caused by sulfur dioxide poisoning were studied with respect to physiology of lesion, yield loss and prevention measures. The results are summarized as follows; 1. On the physiology of injury: The sulfur dioxide gas did no: affect the pH and $E_h$ values of the tested leaf juice of plants. Peroxidase activity was inhibited just after sulfur dioxide treatment but gradually recovered to normal after 10 hours. Methanolic chlorophyll solution was instantaneously and irreversibly bleached by the addition of sulfur dioxide gas with no evidence of pheophytin formation. It seems that chlorophyll forms colourless addition product or is reduced to colourless form with either sulfur dioxide gas or sulfurous acid. Chlorophyll in the chloroplast was also bleached by the sulfur dioxide treatment, as in the case of methanolic solution of chlorophyll, except that the rate of bleaching was rather slow, requiring 1-2 hours. It appears that the most inflicting cause of sulfur dioxide gas to plants may be the destruction of chlorophyll by the poisoning gas. 2. On the effects to crop yield: The crop yield losses were proportional to the concentration of inflicting sulfur dioxide gas. The order of tolerence of the crops to the sulfur dioxide gas was as follows - chinese cabbage being the most susceptible; wheat, paddy rice, barley, soybean, welsh onion, radish and chinese cabbage. The crucifer crops were generally found more susceptible than other crops studied. With respect to the growing stages of crops exposed to sulfur dioxide gas, it was found that the flowering stage was the most susceptible fellowed by panicle forming, milky and tillering in the decreasing order of susceptibility. 3. On the preventive measures of yield losses: Soil applications of potassium, wollastonite, lime or spray of lime water were effective to prevent yield losses from sulfur dioxide fumigation of paddy rice, barley, and soybeans. The most responsive treatment was lime water spray for all crops tested. In case of sulfur dioxide fumigated paddy rice, the lime water spray also increased carbon assimilation.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.171-179
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• 2000

- Turfgrass insect pests and natura.l enemies for biological control were investigated to develop pest management effectively in golf courses at several golf clubs. Twenty eight insect pest species of 10 families in 6 orders were collected from golf courses. The zoysiagrass mite, Eriophyes zoysiae and root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita were also collected from zoysiagrass. White grubs of several scarab beetles and cutworms (Agrotis spp.) damaged seriously at most surveyed golf clubs. In addition, bluegrass webworm (Crambus sp.), Japanese lawngrass cutworm (Spodoptera depravata), scale insects, Tipula sp., and ants (Camponitus japonicus, Formica japonica, and Lasins japonicus) damaged turfgrasses directly or indirectly in golf courses. The entomopathogenic nematodes, Heterorhabditis spp., Steinernema glaseri, and S. longicaudum, entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae, and milky disease, Paenibacil/us popil/iae were isolated from white grubs or turfgrass soil as microbial control agents. Besides, dipteran predators, Cophinopoda chinensis, Philonicus albiceps, and Promachus yesonicus and hymenopteran parasitoid, Tiphia sp. were also collected. The P. yesonicus was the most active in golf courses. The root-knot nematode, M. incognita was found from Zoysia japonica, Z. matrella. and Cynodon dactylon.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.429-432
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• 2010

A mite damage was observed in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) under organic culture greenhouses. The mite was identified as Tyrophagus similis Volgin, 1949. It was very difficult for the farmers to diagnose the mite damage because of its tiny size about 0.5 nm in length. And the symptom was not clear at the early growth stage of the spinach because the mite mainly attack the very young leaves. In this study, we first report the spinach damages by T. similis in Korea. Informations on the mite morphology and the spinach damage symptoms are provided for the diagnosis.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.491-495
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• 2014

Mites were collected from organic cultivations of greenhouse cucumbers and identified as Tyrophagus neiswanderi (Acari: caridae). T. neiswanderi (length, $490.1{\mu}m;$ width, $288.1{\mu}m$) is a very small, milky-white, and egg-shaped mite, and it mainly causes damage to the leaves, flowers, and fruits of cucumber plants. In the early growing season of cucumbers, the shoots of seedlings became pale and yellow because of T. neiswanderi, and eventually shrinkage or bud-failing was observed in the plants. In the middle of the growing season, T. neiswanderi caused white spots on the leaves and flowers of the plants, and the spots gradually became holes. T. neiswanderi also caused severe damage to young fruits by feeding on the rinds of the fruits, inducing malformations and lowering the economic value.

• Journal of Internet of Things and Convergence
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.57-63
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to provide basic data on policy development using big data analysis and machine learning algorithms as part of preparing measures to prevent child abuse. In order to analyze big data for developing machine learning algorithms to prevent child abuse, frequency analysis, related word analysis, and emotional analysis were performed after defining academic databases and social network service data as big data. related words, and emotional analysis were conducted. As a result of the study, a preventive child abuse algorithm can be developed by preparing a data collection and sharing network system to prevent child abuse from the perspective of children affected by child abuse, perpetrators, and government authorities. Although it will be possible by institutionalizing infant self-esteem, depression, and anxiety tests with clues that depression and anxiety appear due to a decrease in self-concept in the characteristics of children affected by child abuse. We suggest that continuous progress of big data collection and analysis and algorithm development research to prevent child abuse, and expects that effective policies to prevent child abuse will be realized to eradicate child abuse crimes.