• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
• /
• 2023.11a
• /
• pp.64-65
• /
• 2023

The purpose of this study was to assess the current status of cyber security at the Busan Port container terminal and derive strengthening factors through exploratory research. In recent years, the maritime industry has actively adopted Fourth Industrial Revolution technologies, resulting in changes in the form of ports, such as automated and smart terminals. While these changes have brought positive improvements in port efficiency, they have also increased the potential for cyber security incidents and threats, including information leakage through cargo handling equipment and ransomware attacks leading to terminal operations disruption. Especially in the case of ports, cyber security threats can have not only local effects within the port but also physical damage and implications for national security. However, despite the growing cyber security threats within ports, research related to domestic port cyber security remains limited. Therefore, this study aimed to identify factors for enhancing cyber security in ports and derive future enhancement strategies. The study conducted an analysis focusing on the Busan Port container terminal, which is one of the leading ports in South Korea actively adopting Fourth Industrial Revolution technologies, and conducted a survey of stakeholders in the Busan Port container terminal. Subsequently, exploratory factor analysis was used to derive strengthening factors. This study holds significance in providing directions for enhancing cyber security in domestic container ports in the future.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.47 no.6
• /
• pp.437-447
• /
• 2023

By actively adopting technologies from the Fourth Industrial Revolution, the port industry is trending toward new types of ports, such as automated and smart ports. However, behind the development of these ports, there is an increasing risk of cyber security incidents and threats within ports and container terminals, including information leakage through cargo handling equipment and ransomware attacks leading to disruptions in terminal operations. Despite the necessity of research to enhance cyber security within ports, there is a lack of such studies in the domestic context. This study focuses on Busan Port, a representative port in South Korea that actively incorporates technology from the Fourth Industrial Revolution, in order to discover variables for improving cyber security in container terminals. The research results categorized factors for enhancing cyber security in Busan Port's container terminals into network construction and policy support, standardization of education and personnel training, and legal and regulatory factors. Subsequently, multiple regression analysis was conducted based on these factors, leading to the identification of detailed factors for securing and enhancing safety, reliability, performance, and satisfaction in Busan Port's container terminals. The significance of this study lies in providing direction for enhancing cyber security in Busan Port's container terminals and addressing the increasing incidents of cyber security attacks within ports and container terminals.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
• /
• v.83 no.6
• /
• pp.1385-1393
• /
• 2022

Metaplastic carcinoma of the breast is a heterogeneous group of neoplasms with mixed epithelial and mesenchymal differentiation. Metaplastic carcinoma of the breast is a rare and aggressive malignancy, with high recurrence and metastasis. Metaplastic carcinoma with chondroid differentiation is an uncommon subtype that tends to have a relatively good prognosis than that of other subtypes. We report the imaging features of three cases of pathologically proven metaplastic carcinoma with chondroid differentiation as follows: a high-density mass with amorphous or coarse heterogeneous calcifications on mammography; a microlobulated or partially indistinct, complex cystic, and solid mass on sonography; and a relatively circumscribed or partially indistinct, irregular mass with heterogeneous T2 high-signal intensity and heterogeneous or rim enhancement with initial fast enhancement and delayed washout on MRI.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
• /
• v.18 no.1 s.39
• /
• pp.65-76
• /
• 2006

The purposes of this study were to segment adolescents into groups by Satir's communication and self-esteem and to investigate the differences among the groups regarding impulse buying of clothing and clothing behavior. The study distributed the questionnaires to the adolescents who were high school students in seoul. The total respondents were 596. The data were analyzed by factor analysis, k-means cluster analysis, ANOVA, Duncan test, regression and ${\chi}2-test$. Factor analysis showed that impulse buying of clothing had three dimensions: sensitive aspects of products stimulation, marketing situation stimulation and non-Plan stimulation. K-means cluster analysis showed that adolescents were segmented into four groups(blame-high self esteem, placate-high self esteem, blame-low self esteem, placate-low self esteem). The four groups were significantly different in regard to three dimensions of sensitive aspects of products stimulation, marketing situation stimulation and non-plan stimulation. For example, placate-high and low self esteem groups were influenced by sensitive aspects of products stimulation and marketing situation stimulation(-). And blame-high and low self esteem groups were influenced by marketing situation stimulation.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.34 no.5
• /
• pp.396-401
• /
• 2020

As the world becomes more globalized, the non-native species issue has emerged as a problem that is growing internationally. In particular, the number of non-native turtles found in the wild has been increasing sharply in South Korea. At least 15 species of non-native turtles, including the red-eared slider (Trachemys scripta elegans) first imported in the 1970s, have been found in Korea. On October 15, 2019, an alligator snapping turtle (AST, Macrochelys temminckii) was found in a stream located in Gwangju city, South Korea. The discovery of AST became a big issue in South Korea as the animal is known for its large body size and aggressiveness and was featured widely in the mass media. In this study, to learn the public's perception of non-native species, we examined comments (opinions) to the online news articles about the AST. We collected 1,100 comments from the Internet news articles on the AST. Out of the 1,100 comments, 342 (31.1%) comments were related to non-native species' issues. Most of the respondents (97.7%, n=334) stated that the non-native species are a problem. Forty two comments mentioned potential threats posed by non-native species: non-native species' aggressive nature (n=11, 26.2%) and ecological disturbance (n=31, 73.8%). Lack of responsibility (n=122, 51.7%) was the major causative factor for the introduction of non-native species, and followed by indiscriminate pet trade (n=99, 42.0%), absence of relevant legislation (n=13, 5.5%), and absence of treatment (n=2, 0.8%). Animal registration (n=59, 45.7%) was the most commonly mentioned as the way to deal with the issue of the non-native species' invasion. Our results show that the public is aware of the seriousness of the invasion of non-native species, including AST. This study highlights that researchers and government officials need to consider the public's perception and opinions. We believe that our study can serve as an essential reference for the policy direction and the management of non-native species.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.69-74
• /
• 2006

Purpose: To perform the retrospective analysis of the sports injuries sustained by the college Taekwondo athletes in the respect of the injury patterns, mechanism of injury and clinical outcome Materials and Methods: This study is based on 47 out of 49 college Takwondo athletes, who had experienced the Takwondo related musculoskeletal injuries severe enough to visit the clinic for medical treatment. The mean age at the time of injury was 18.8 years and 39 were males and 8 females. The Taekwondo career was average 9.6 years and the injuries were sustained at average 6.7 years of their career. The injuries were analyzed by the detailed interview with thorough physical examination. Results: Forty-seven Taekwondo athletes in the study experienced average 1.8 injury/person (total 85 cases) with 26 persons of one time experience(55.3%), 11 persons of 2 times(23.4%),4 persons of 3 times (8.5%),5 persons of 4 times (10.6%) and 1 person of 5 times (2.2%). Injuries occurred during training in 50 cases (58.8%), while during match in 35 cases (41.2%). Injuries occurred during the attack phase of the match are 26 cases (31.7%) while 49 cases (57.6%) during the defense phase. As for the pattern of injury, fracture was the most common with 49 cases (57.6%), followed by ligament injury with 21 cases (24.7%). The upper extremity injuries were 32 cases (37.7%) while the lower extremity injuries were 44 cases (51.8%) Mode of medical treatment were operation in 15cases(17.7%), cast in 21 cases(24.7%), splint in 33 cases (38.8%), physical therapy in 15cases(17.7%) and acupuncture in 1 case(1.1%) Conclusion: Almost all the college Taekwondo athletes (96%) experienced sports injuries severe enough to receive medical treatments with the fracture being the most common injury pattern. The injuries occurred more commonly during the defense phase of the competition.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.74-89
• /
• 1995

Selective mutism is a childhood condition defined by persisten failure to speak in specific social situation when speaking is expected, dispite preserved ability to comprehend spoken language and speak. Present study is to investigate clinical characteristics, treatment method and outcome of 23 children who were diagnosed as selective mutism by DSM-IV criteria at the child psychiatry ouptatient department of SNUH. The results were as follows : 1) The Sex ratio was 1: 4.8, female dominant Mear age of onset was 33 years old and mean age of first referral was 7.7 years old. 2) 22% of subjects had perinatal problem such as low birth weight, preterm birth, 26% of the subjects have history of delayed language development. There are subjects who had been separated with mam caretaker before 3 years old(26%) and who experienced physical or psychological trauma before 3 years old(26%). A few subjects had enurests(30%) and encoprests(4%). 3) Many subjects(65%) had symbiotic relationship with their mother. These families consist of dominant, verbally aggressive mother and passive father. Parents of 39% of all subjects were judged to have definite psychopathology(social phobic, depression, hysterical trait or alcohol problem) 26% of all subject, were reported physically abused. 4) The personality trait of the subjects were frequently described as follows(in order of frequency) ; Shy(100%), anxious(83%), stubborn(83%)m rigid and tense posture(78%), immature(65%) overdependent(65%), irritable(52%), manipulative(39%), depressive(39%). 5) The mean performance IQ of 16 subjects by KEDI-WISC was 88.3 Among them, the subjects with IQ below 69 were seven and those with IQ above 70 were nine. When comparing these two group(Mental retardation group vs Normal IQ group), we could find some difference in language development, personality trait, family dynamics and treatment outcome. 6) Among several treatment methods for selective mutism, play therapy was the most frequently used method(65%). Other commonly used treatment methods were pharmacotherapy(21%), behavioral therapy(8%), combined therapy(play therapy+pharmacotherapy+family therapy+behavioral therapy)(12%), 7) Regarding the outcome of treatment 8.6% was evaluated as Excellent, 30.4% as Good, 52% as Fair, 8.7% as Poor at the tinic of treatment. At follow up interview 21.7% was evaluated Excellent, 13% as Good, 21.7% as Fair, 34.8% as Poor. 8) We classified all subjects by Havden's 4 subtype. Symbiotic mutism was most common(65%) and other subtypes are Speech phobic mutism(8.6), Reactive mutism(13%) and Passive-aggressive mutism(30%).

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.149-158
• /
• 2002

For the purpose of preciously describing real time traffic pattern in urban road network, dynamic network loading(DNL) models able to simulate traffic behavior are required. A number of different methods are available, including macroscopic, microscopic dynamic network models, as well as analytical model. Equivalency minimization problem and Variation inequality problem are the analytical models, which include explicit mathematical travel cost function for describing traffic behaviors on the network. While microscopic simulation models move vehicles according to behavioral car-following and cell-transmission. However, DNL models embedding such travel time function have some limitations ; analytical model has lacking of describing traffic characteristics such as relations between flow and speed, between speed and density Microscopic simulation models are the most detailed and realistic, but they are difficult to calibrate and may not be the most practical tools for large-scale networks. To cope with such problems, this paper develops a new DNL model appropriate for dynamic traffic assignment(DTA), The model is combined with vertical queue model representing vehicles as vertical queues at the end of links. In order to compare and to assess the model, we use a contrived example network. From the numerical results, we found that the DNL model presented in the paper were able to describe traffic characteristics with reasonable amount of computing time. The model also showed good relationship between travel time and traffic flow and expressed the feature of backward turn at near capacity.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.115-124
• /
• 2001

Objective：The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical features of children with three subdiagnoses of tic disorder(transient tic disorder(TTD), chronic tic disorder(CTD) and Tourette’s disorder (TD)) and to exam the factors related with illness severity of them. Method：Subjects were 69 children who met DSM-IV criteria for tic disorder and 43 control children. All subjects were investigated demographic and clinical factors related to tic. The severity of tic was assessed with the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale(YGTSS) in tic disorder children. The Child Behavior Checklist(CBCL) was accomplished by parents of all subjects. Results：Children with TTD had not only shorter duration of tic symtoms but also milder tic severity and impairment than those with CTD and TD. They also had significantly lower scores on most CBCL subscales than children with CTD and TD, while they were similar with controls in all the CBCL subcale scores except aggressive behavior. Children with CTD and those with TD were similar to each other in clinical variables except number of tic symptom and scores on CBCL social problem subscale. The interference and intensity of motor tic symptoms and duration of tic symptoms were significant predictors of global impairment score on YGTSS, while the presence of comorbid ADHD was a preictor of the total behavior problem score of CBCL. Conclusion：These findings indicate that duration of tic symptoms and the presence of comorbid ADHD as well as the severity of tic symptoms strongly associated with the illness severity of children with tic disorder. These results also suggest that those clinical factors may be more important for assessing the severity of illness and determining the treatment strategy than the sub-diagnosis itself in children with tic disorder.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.58 no.4
• /
• pp.355-362
• /
• 2019

Cotesia glomerata L., an internal parasitoid wasp, attacks the larvae of both the cabbage white butterfly (Artogeia rapae L.) and the diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella L.). It can be utilized as a natural biological enemy to control these two insect pests in the summer cabbage fields of the Korean highland areas. The developmental response and sex ratio of C. glomerata to various temperatures and its longevity were examined in the laboratory. The egg-to-larva and pupa stages of C. glomerata were 12.1 ± 2.1 and 6.4 ± 1.8 days, respectively, at 20℃, The developmental threshold for egg-to-larva and pupa stages were 7.7 and 8.5℃, respectively. The sex ratios of C. glomerata when reared under various temperatures were 61.0 ± 4.5% at 15℃, 44.2 ± 1.0% at 20℃, and 39.0 ± 2.3% at 25℃, and the incidence of females increased as the temperature decreased. The longevity of C. glomerata when fed a 10% sugar solution was 20.4 ± 0.2 days, while in adults without any feed, the longevity was 3.6 ± 0.1 days. Indoor reared C. glomerata adults were released into cabbage fields from 2007 to 2018, in early August of each year, and the outdoor parasitism rates were surveyed. The parasitism rates were found to increase gradually as the year passed (Y = 0.2696X + 2.8633, R² = 0.3994). The highest parasitism rate was observed in 2013 at 7.6%, and the lowest was in 2018 at 6.5 %. These results could be used as basic information for biological control of kimchi cabbage pests at highland fields.