• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.49 no.2
• /
• pp.128-140
• /
• 2021

This study applied the theory of Landscape Ecology to representative resources of Jeju Olle-gil, which is a representative subject of walking tourism, to identify ecological characteristics and to establish a technique for landscape ecological analysis of Olle-gil resources. Jeju Olle Trail type based on the biotope type, major land use, vegetation status around Olle Trail and roads were divided into 12 types. Based on the type of ecological tourism resource classification, the Jeju Olle-gil walking tourism resource classification was divided into seven types of natural resources and seven types of humanities resources, and each resource was characterized by Geotope, Biotope, and Anthropopope, just like the landscape ecology system. Geotope resources are strong in landscape characteristics such as coast and beach, rocks, bedrocks, waterfalls, geology and Jusangjeolli Cliff, Oreum and craters, water resources, and landscape viewpoints. The Biotope resources showed strong ecological characteristics due to large tree and protected tree, Gotjawal, forest road and vegetation communities, biological habitat, vegetation landscape view point. Antropotope include Culture of Jeju Haenyeo and traditional culture, potting and lighthouses, experience facilities, temples and churches, military and beacon facilities, other historical and cultural facilities, and cultural landscape views. Jeju Olle Trail The representative resources for each type of Jeju Olle Trail are coastal, Oreum, Gotjawal, field and Stonewall Fencing farming land, Jeju Village and Stone wall of Jeju. In order to learn about the components and various functions of the resources representing the Olle Trail's ecological culture, the landscape ecological technique was interpreted. Looking at the ecological and cultural characteristics of coastal, the coast includes black basalt rocks, coastal vegetation, coastal grasslands, coastal rock vegetation, winter migratory birds and Jeju haenyeo. Oreum is a unique volcanic topography, which includes circular and oval mountain bodies, oreum vegetation, crater wetlands, the origin and legend of the name of Oreum, the legend of the name of Oreum, the culture of grazing horses, the use of military purposes, the object of folk belief, and the view from the summit. Gotjawal features rocky bumps, unique microclimate formation, Gotjawal vegetation, geographical names, the culture of charcoal being baked in the past, and bizarre shapes of trees and vines. Field walls include the structure and shape of field walls, field cultivation crops, field wall habitats, Jeju agricultural culture, and field walls. The village includes a stone wall and roof structure built from basalt, a pavilion at the entrance of the village, a yard and garden inside the house, a view of the lives of local people, and an alleyway view. These resources have slowly changed with the long lives of humans, and are now unique to Jeju Island. By providing contents specialized for each type of Olle Trail, tourists who walk on Olle will be able to experience the Olle Trail in depth as they learn the story of the resources, and will be able to increase the sustainable use and satisfaction of Jeju Olle Trail users.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.38-47
• /
• 2013

This study was performed in order to preserve and protect the scenic sites and surrounding environment is located in the Urban Residential Area. After classifying the type of area surrounding parcels of Seongbuk-dong is located in Seongragwon, Satisfaction Survey, scenic sites designated areas for residents living near the analyzed. Research methods, Cadastral research, literature survey, field survey, and the survey was conducted. Cultural heritage awareness about the collected questionnaires of frequency analysis, and reliability analysis for cultural heritages around satisfaction, satisfaction analysis by parcel area, parcel area for the verification of specific differences regression analysis for the full-on relationship satisfaction, one-way ANOVA was conducted for each. Overall Cultural awareness analysis results, the residence is located close to the Seoul Seonjamdanji, Seongragwon, Simujang, Sanghoe Lee Tae-Joon's houses, Seoul Hanyang castle showed that cultural heritage were know unfulfilled cultural heritage. The purpose of cultural heritage visit was to break/walks. Preservation was usually level and there is no inconvenience caused as a cultural heritage. Regulatory intensity level was usually level and showed a positive reaction to the impact of cultural heritage in Seongbuk-dong image mostly. cultural heritage have a positive impact on the image of the town. but access to cultural heritage is not easy and doesn't affect the life is expected. Overall satisfaction for cultural heritages in the surrounding space, the larger the size of the lot, and higher satisfaction. Seongbuk-dong most of the residents satisfaction was higher. Small lots of residents showed low satisfaction for safety when walking at night, heritage value rise, private ownership of heritage use, harmony with surrounding environment, Building exterior, non-physical uniqueness like culture art mental. It can be interpreted that small lots of residential environment quality is low compared to the large lots, influx of residents in other regions due to the redevelopment of one of Seongbuk-dong, private ownership of heritage use. And generally lower satisfaction on the harmonization of the facility(street lights, signs, etc.). Therefore cultural heritage signs for facility expansion, cultural educational programs, will be needed to maintain the uniqueness village when scenic sites in the city center around the area of management strategy.

• Korea journal of population studies
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.197-220
• /
• 1999

Family, Self or State as a Desired Source of Support for the Elderly As Korean society has undergone rapid socioeconomic transformation and reached the final stage of its demographic transition, the central emphasis of population policies in Korea has shifted from fertility and population control to aging issues. Recently, it has been advocated that the Korean government should provide more intensive public services to supplement self-care and family caregiving, heightening the need to know more about the norms and expectations of old-age support and how they will change. Using the Survey of the Living Status of the Korean Elderly in 1994, this study investigates the extent to which the Korean elderly themselves view family, self, or the state as desired sources of support. The multinomial log it model analysis reveals that the elderly without a son are less likely to emphasize the traditional view of family, while economically and physically better off elderly are more likely to favor the view of self-support. However, the idea that the emphasis on the 'state responsibility' may be found among those elderly who are in need of financial help and in poor health is not supported. The implications and suggestions for further research are discussed.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
• /
• v.56 no.1
• /
• pp.5-22
• /
• 2004

The notion of independence is currently a focal point in public discourses in relation to the elderly. In most countries, the promotion of independence, not the alleviation of dependence, has been addressed as a priority goal in the formulation of social policies for the elderly and the term of independence is used in policy documents as if it were unproblematic. In most cases, policy documents do not offer a clear definition of independence, but generally the term is interpreted as self-sufficiency and health. Accordingly, in order to promote independence of the elderly, concrete strategies such as employment, social activities, participation, direct payments are being introduced in many advanced countries. This study critically reviews these discourses and strategies, and attempts at developing an understanding of how independence and dependence is constructed in contemporary social policies for the elderly. It is our critical point that we explores the meaning of the independence and dependence from the perspective of the elderly. Findings of this study are as follows: The elderly participated in this study tended to construct the meaning of 'independence' as privacy, self-esteem, autonomy and freedom. They also tended to perceive and interpret, from their perspective, the 'dependence' as a natural law and process, affection among human beings, reward and fruit of their lives, social justice and social responsibility. In this sense current policies for the elderly have not fully reflected the perspective of the elderly. Therefore, it is argued what is important in policy formulations for the elderly is to make efforts to reflect the perspective of the elderly on policy-makings for the elderly in terms of independence and dependence.

• Smart Media Journal
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.43-50
• /
• 2018

Hanok (a traditional Korean-style house) has recently become a popular attraction for tourists all over the world. Jeonju Hanok Village, for example, attracted about 10 million visitors for 2 consecutive years. Observing Hanok's popularity, many local governments drew up plans to improve tourism dynamics by strengthening the advantages of Hanok. Emotionally rich experience is required to offer a greater satisfying experience that meets the demands of tourists. However, very few studies yet have addressed how to measure those emotions felt by users while experiencing Hanok. As an attempt to improve this situation, 182 emotional words were collected from earlier studies and classified into 33 groups with the Delphi method. Among the emotional words in each of the 33 groups, those of overlapping concepts on the characteristics of Hanok were re-grouped, and extracted the most appropriate 68 words. Additionally, a survey was conducted with 325 people who had experienced Hanok to gather 30-most representative emotions for measuring emotions felt from Hanok. The factor analysis of the 30 representative emotions resulted in classified 6 factors based on common features of emotional words: senses of aesthetics, happiness, novelty, ownership, balance and relaxation. The 30 representative emotions and six emotion categories found out by this study can help measure how much people feel certain emotions while experiencing hanoks. Further study will explore the degree of emotions hanok users feel about objects of hanok, such as roof materials and shapes, and body shapes.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2015.05a
• /
• pp.114-114
• /
• 2015

최근 기후변화로 인해 지구촌 곳곳은 이전에 경험하지 못한 극한 홍수재해로 몸살을 앓고 있다. 2011년 태국에서는 짜오프라야강 범람으로 국토의 70% 이상이 침수되었고, 2013년 인도 북부지역에서는 갠지스강 및 지류의 범람, 산사태, 가옥붕괴 등으로 1,000여명이 숨지고 관광객 및 순례객 7만여명의 발이 묶이는 피해가 발생하였으며, 2014년 발칸반도에서는 120년만의 폭우로 인하여 30여명이 사망하고 100만명의 이재민이 발생하였다. 국내의 경우 2011년 수도권을 중심으로 하루에 300mm가 넘는 기록적 호우가 쏟아지면서 주택과 도로의 침수, 산사태 등으로 많은 인명 및 재산피해가 발생하였다. 또한 2014년 8월 경남 부산지역에는 시간당 130mm가 넘는 국지성 호우에 따른 산사태, 침수 등으로 도심기능이 마비되는 피해가 발생하기도 하였다. 이처럼 대부분의 자연재난은 태풍 및 집중호우 등 물재해로 발생하고 있으며, 국내의 경우 2012년 전체 자연재난의 95.6%, 2013년 전체 자연재난의 93%를 물재해가 차지하였다. 이에 구조적 비구조적 홍수 재해 저감대책 수립 및 시행 등 지속적인 물관리 노력으로 대하천에서 발생하는 홍수피해는 크게 감소하였으나, 지자체를 중심으로 운영 관리되고 있는 중소하천에서의 피해는 오히려 점차 증가하고 있다. 조사에 따르면 최근 5년간(2007~2011) 홍수피해의 98% 이상이 중소하천을 중심으로 발생한 것으로 발표된 바 있다. 특히 지자체의 경우 전문인력 및 기술력 부족, 열악한 재정 등으로 피해가 반복되고 있는 실정이다. 이에 따라 중소하천과 같이 소외된 지역의 물복지 향상을 위해서는 홍수재해 상황에 신속하고 효과적으로 대응하기 위한 과학적 체계적인 선진 홍수재해 관리체계의 구축이 요구되는 바이다. 이에 물관리 전문기관인 K-water에서는 지난 2010년부터 ICT기반의 우수한 물관리 기술력과 홍수대응 Know-How를 활용하여 '지자체 맞춤형 홍수재해관리시스템' 구축을 지원하고 있다. 본 시스템은 상 하류의 다양한 재난 정보를 수집 통합하고, 수집된 정보를 활용한 홍수분석을 통해 예방적 재난대응 체계를 구축하는 것으로, K-water는 지난 2010년 남원시를 시작으로 무주군, 군산시, 진안군 등의 시스템 구축을 지원하고 있다. 재난은 복구보다 예방이 우선되어야 함은 모두 다 아는 사실이지만 예산문제 등으로 항상 소 잃고 외양간 고치는 일이 아직까지 반복되고 있다. K-water는 물관리 전문 공기업으로써의 역할을 다하고, 예방 위주의 재난관리 체계 마련을 위해 '지자체 맞춤형 홍수재해관리시스템' 구축 지원을 지속적으로 확대해 나갈 것이다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.52 no.1
• /
• pp.72-78
• /
• 1981

On August 25, 1979 a heavy daily rainfall of 465 mm pured into Jinhae area by the influence of Typhoon Judy. In consequence of the typhoon, 38 persons were killed, houses and arable land were demolished and caused wide ranges of landslides in the area. According to the previous investigation, there had been five cases of such typhoons accompanied a daily precipitation over 300 mm for 27 years, however, there had not occurred any landslides before, even though it is reported that any typhoon accompanied by heavy daily rainfalls over 300 mm is normally known to cause various kinds of landslides. This phonomenon was described to the fact that there has been a qualitative change in the agents of landslides such as precipitation, geology, topography and forest. Thus, in this report, the relations of the agents to the development of landslides were to be analysed and brought forth the following confirmation: 1. In the district, 71 landslides of which area covered 15.3 ha were observed. 2. In terms of geology of the landslided sites. 89 and 11% in numbers were observed in the andesite and the granite respectively, and the areas of those landslide estimated 45 and 55% respectively. 3. In a topographical point of view, 44% of the numbers of landslides(55% in area basis) were occurred within the slopes of $26-35^{\circ}$, while no landslides were observed in either lower (below $9^{\circ}$) or upper (above $41^{\circ}$) slopes. In terms of slope patterns, 39 and 33% in numbers (52 and 46% on the basis of area) were observed in concave slopes and compound slopes respectively. 4. In terms of forest ages, the most landslides were observed in 5-15 year-old forest, of which averages were 2.19 landslides per 100 ha and 0.47 ha per 100 ha. However, no landslides were observed in the forest of over 26 years old. 5. Among the agents, precipitation, geology, topography are considered not to be controlled but the only agent, the forest, to be controlled by human beings. Thus, this firstly observed landslides at Jinhae District are conclusively considered as the result of qualitative changes of one agent, the forest, in the area.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.174-184
• /
• 1991

To determine the incidence rate of accidents and its associated factors, a prospective survey was carried out in a rural area of a total of 1,360 residents for 1 year from January 1 to December 31, 1988 in Shin-am Ri, Jungdong Myun, Sangju Kun, Kyungpook Province. Data for accidents were collected by the community health practitioner who is working at Primary Health Post in Shin-am Ri. A total number of accident cases was 85 among 1,360 persons during one year study period, and annual incidence rate was 62.5 per 1,000 persons. The highest incidence rate of accident was observed in the age group of 30-39 was 179.8. The incidence rate of accident in male was 86.5 which was about 2 times that in female. In male, the highest incidence rate was seen in 30-39 age group and in female, 60-69 age group. The highest incidence rate of accident was observed in spring(29.4%) and summer(29.4%), and the lowest in fall(17.7%). The highest incidence rate of accident was observed in Friday(24.5%) by day of week, and between 9 a.m. to 12 a.m. by time zone. The most frequent use of medical facilities was Primary Health Post(51.8%) and the next was clinic(38.8%). Mean duration of treatment was 9.8 days. The accident occured in the room and kitchen(23.5%), in the yard and barn(23.5%), on the road(22.4%). and in the rice field and dry field(20.0%). The causes of accident were motor vehicle accident(20.0%), piercing or cutting(20.0%), collision or fighting(12.9%), and poisoning(11.8%) in order of frequency. The most common type of injury was open wound which was 43.5%. The most common tool of accident was farm machine which was 23.5%. The most common injuried part of body was extremity(55.3%).

• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.8-21
• /
• 2011

This study surveyed historical records on outbreak and features of forest fires during Chosun Dynasty's 518 years in being and analyzed the Annals of the Chosun Dynasty; The Diaries of the Royal Secretariat, archives from Records of the Border Defense Council, The Compilation of Ministry Proposals, Posthumous Records of King Cholchong etc. Forest fires were most prevalent and extreme during King Hyunjong (14 cases) and King Sunjo (13 cases) due to strong wind, and the biggest-ever forest fire broke out in the fourth year of King Soonjo (1804) in the east coast of Korea in Kangwon province. The fire had resulted in 61 fatalities and 2,600 destroyed houses. Forest fire in the east coast of Korea, Kangwon province, in the $13^{th}$ year of King Hyeonjong (1672) is recorded to have caused the highest number of deaths, 65people. The most frequent cause of forest fires during Chosun Dynasty was unidentified (42 cases), followed by accidental fire (10 cases), arson or lightning (3 cases), fire during hunting (2 cases), play with fire by children, destruction of patty fields and dry fields by fire and house fire (1 case respectively). By region, 56 % of forest fires erupted in the east coast (39 cases) and this was followed by the west sea (9 cases), Seoul and central region (8 cases) and the southern part of Korea (7 cases). By season, spring was found to be most vulnerable to forest fire as it accounted for 73 % of the total amounting to 46 cases. Behind were summer (11 cases), winter (6 cases) and autumn (0 case). Specifically, most forest fire broke out on April and May, which is the same as today. Archives and literature indicate that the person who involved in forest fire by accidental as well as arson had to be punished by banishment, expulsion from government office and public hanging. Also, officials in charge of the region that suffered forest fire were subject to reprimand. In conclusion, risk and gravity of forest fires were evident during the Chosun Dynasty as specified in historical archives and share many similarities with today's forest fires in terms of the duration and regional patterns.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.349-354
• /
• 1974

Survey results concerning the general information on health status of 7,050 inhabitants (1,141 households) which have been selected within Keumsan Gun, Chung Choung Nam Do area are as follws: 1. The average family size is $6.18{\pm}2.17$ persons per household. Tertiary sex ratio is 105.5 population composition of Kumsan Gun shown a pyramidal form consisting of 51.6% of the inhabitants under 20 years of age. 2. Rate of illiteracy amounts to 12.1% and only 4.1% of villagers were graduated from high schools, 80% of the inhabitants have some kind of jobs: 46.1% of them are engaged in agriculture, 95.2% of villagers have their own houses, and remaining 4.8% do not have their own. 3. 72% of households made use of health services provided provided by health centre or subcentres during a period of 1 year from April 1, 1973 to March 31, 1974. 26.8% of them visited health centre of sub-centres 2-4 times annually for the following purposes: 1) Vaccination: 35.7% 2) Diagnosis or treatment: 26.7% 3) Family planning: 24.1% 4) Maternal and child health: 10.5% 4. Utilization rate of health facilities is on an average 4.4 times per household and 0.75 times per capita. 5. Birth rate in the area is 1.91% and death rate is 0.75%, indicating the natural increase rate is only 1.16% that is lower than the nationwide rate of 1.8-2.2% in 1970 and 1.5-1.9% in 1973. 6. 37.7% of fertile women (20-40 years old) in the area are still unmarried, Fertility rate is the highest in the age group of 63-40 years old showing a value of 17.1%. 7. The unmarried population in this area amounts to 61.4% : 61.4% in male and 57.6% in female. 8. Number of inhaibtants who practice family planning is 612 persons(22.6%) among the married (2.771). This value consists of 8.3% of married males and 34.8% of married females. Only 16.0% of the people who put family planning in practice undergo permanent contraceptive methods and remaining 84.0% of them do temporary measures. 9. Only 57.7% of the subjects took vaccinations as follows: 1) B.C.G. vaccination: 82.7% 2) D.P.T. vaccination: 76.2% 3) Poliomyelitis vaccination: 67.9% 4) Smallpox vaccination: 62.6% 10. In the utilization of medical facilities in case of sickness drug stores (32.15%) comes first and hospitals or clinics (28.65%), health centre of health sub-centres (17.96%), herb drug stores (7.36%) and herb gerneral practioners (6.31%), etc., in decreasing order. Sickness that people living in this area suffer from are neuralgia, disease digestive troubles, respiratory diseases and skin lesions, etc.