• Title/Summary/Keyword: 가소성

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Feed Evaluation, Germination and Early Growth of Puccinellia coreensis Honda and P. nipponica Ohwi as affected by Salt Concentration (갯겨이삭, 갯꾸러미풀의 조사료 평가와 발아 생리 및 염농도별 초기생육)

  • Kim, Young-Doo;Park, Tae-Ill;Chae, Jae-Suk;Chang, Young-Sun;Park, Keun-Yong
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.40 no.3
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    • pp.269-277
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    • 1995
  • This experiment was conducted to study on forage utility of native grasses in polderland for salt tolerance plant selection and good feed with collection and evaluation. As the result of investgate, it was carried out feed evaluation, germination physiology and early growth at the different salt content of Puccinellia coreesis Honda and P. nipponica Ohwi from May 1993 to June 1994. Germination physiology of the grasses was light and low temperature favored optimum germination temperature was 1$0^{\circ}C$, germination period was 30 days. Dormancy awakening was needed wet and high temperature condition with 1~3 days storage. Germination rate increased 18.0% of P. coreensis and 39.0% of P. nipponica than those of non treatments. Early growth condition of different salt content was good also at in 1.00% and 0.50% levels of P. coreensis and P. nipponica. Crude protein content was 8.4% at P. coreensis, 7.1% at P. nipponica and 10.3% of Italian ryegrass, and NFE content was arrangement in order of P. coreensis, Italian ryegrass and P. nipponica. TDN content was not different between P. coreensis, P. nipponica and Italian ryegrass. Also P. coreensis and P. nipponica have a good taste for cattle as same as other crops.

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The oral dose toxicity test and skin irritation test of eco-friendly plasticizer using crude glycerol derived (폐글리세롤을 이용한 친환경 가소제의 경구투여독성 및 피부자극성 시험)

  • Kang, Soo-Jung;Kim, Heeyoung;Park, Sangwon;Sim, Eunyoung;Kim, Jinhwan
    • Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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    • v.25 no.3
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    • pp.322-327
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    • 2015
  • Objectives: The major objective of this study is the oral dose toxicity test and skin irritation test of eco-friendly plasticizer using crude glycerol derived from the biodiesel process. Methods: Glyceroldiacetate laurate(GDL) was synthesized from glycerol monolaurat(GML) and acetic acid. The synthesis of the GDL plasticizer was measured with nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscop(NMR) and FT-IR(Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer). To provide information on the safety of GDL, we carried out an oral dose toxicity test for GDL in Sprague-Dawley rats. Also, we carried out a skin irritation test for GDL in New Zealand White rabbits. Results: The oral dose toxicity test in Sprague-Dawley rats showed that GDL is a non-toxic material. The result of the skin irritation test on New Zealand White rabbits showed that GDL is non-irritating. Conclusions: From the results of oral dose toxicity test and skin irritation test, we concluded that the developed plasticizer showed excellent eco-friendly property. Based on our results, we confirmed the development of an eco-friendly non-phthalate plasticizer. Applicability for PVC toys and food and drug packaging materials was found.

Development of CMP process for reducing scratches during ILD CMP (ILD CMP중 Scratch 감소를 위한 CMP 공정기술 개발)

  • Kim, In-Gon;Kim, In-Kwon;Prasad, Y. Nagendra;Choi, Jea-Gon;Park, Jin-Goo
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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    • 2009.06a
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    • pp.59-59
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    • 2009
  • 현재 CMP분야는 광역 평탄화 반도체 소자의 집적화 및 소형화가 진행됨에 따라서 CMP 공정의 중요성은 날로 성장하고 있다. 하지만 이러한 CMP공정은 불가피하게도 scratch, pit, CMP residue와 같은 defect들을 발생시키고 있으며, 점점 선폭이 작아짐에 따라, 이러한 defect들이 반도체 수율에 미치는 영향은 심각해지고 있다. Defect들 중에 특히 scratch는 반도체에 치명적인 circuit failure를 일으키게 된다. 또한 반도체 내구성과 신뢰성을 감소시키게 되고, 누전전류를 증가시키는 등 바람직하지 못한 현상들이 생기게 된다. 본 연구에서는 scratch 와 같은 deflect들을 효율적으로 검출, 분석하고, scratch를 감소시키는데 그 목적이 있다. 본 실험을 위해 8" TEOS wafer와 commercial oxide slurry 및 friction polisher (Poli-500, G&P tech., Korea)를 사용하여 CMP 공정을 진행하였으며, CMP 공정조건은 각각 80rpm/80rpm/1psi(Platen speed/Head speed/Pressure)에서 1분 동안 연마를 한 후 scratch 발생 경향을 살펴보았다. CMP 후 wafer위에 오염되어 있는 slurry residue들을 제거하기 위해 SC-1, HF 세정을 이용하여 최적화된 post-CMP 공정기술을 제안하였다. Scratch 검출 및 분석을 위해 wafer surface analyzer (Surfscan 6200, Tencor, USA)와 optical microscope (LV100D, Nicon, Japan)를 사용하였다. CMP 공정 변수들에 따른 scratch 발생정도를 비교하였으며, scratch 발생 요인들에 따른 scratch 형태 및 발생정도를 살펴보았다. 최적화된 post-CMP 세정 조건은 메가소닉과 함께 SC-1 세정을 실시하여 slurry residue들을 제거한 후, HF 세정을 실시하여 잔여 오염물들을 제거하고 검출이 용이하도록 scratch를 확장시킬 수 있도록 제안하였으며, 100%의 particle removal efficiency (PRE)를 얻을 수 있었다. 실제 CMP 공정후 post-CMP 세정 단계별 scratch 개수를 측정한 결과, SC-1 세정 후 약 220개의 scratch가 검출되었으며, 검출되지 않았던 scratch가 HF 세정 후 확장되어 드러남에 따라 약 500개의 scratch 가 검출되었다.

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Studies on Productivity and Nutrient Quality of Forage Rape (Brassica napus Subsp. oleifera) IV. Influence of sowing time on growth, yield and nutrient quality of forage rape. (사초용유채 ( Brassica napus Subsp. Oleifera ) 의 생산성과 사료가치에 관한 연구 IV. 파종기가 사초용 유채의 생육특성 , 수량 및 영양가치에 미치는 영향)

  • ;;Ichiro Goto
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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    • v.9 no.2
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    • pp.103-107
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    • 1989
  • To determine optimal sowing time of forage rape in southern areas of Korea, forage rape cv. Velox, the highest yielding variety among seventeen introduced varieties of forage rape, was grown under five different sowing times. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Yield components such as plant length, number of branches and number of leaves etc. were highest at the sowing time of Sep. 14 and Sep. 24. 2. Plants sown at Sep. 14 and Sep. 24 also showed highest'fresh and dry matter yield. 3. As plants were grown under later sowing time, they showed higher values in content of crude protein and lower values in contents of crude fiber such as NDF, ADF, cellulose and lignin. 4. There was no relationship between variation of IVDMD and sowing time. Plants sown at Sep. 14 and Sep. 24 showed highest digestible dry matter yields.

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The New Neurobiology of Depression (우울증의 새로운 신경생물학)

  • Kim, Yong Ku
    • Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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    • v.8 no.1
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    • pp.3-19
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    • 2001
  • Recent basic and clinical studies demonstrate a major role for neural plasticity in the etiology and treatment of depression and stress-related illness. The neural plasticity is reflected both in the birth of new cell in the adult brain(neurogenesis) and the death of genetically healthy cells(apoptosis) in the response to the individual's interaction with the environment. The neural plasticity includes adaptations of intracellular signal transduction pathway and gene expression, as well as alterations in neuronal morphology and cell survival. At the cellular level, repeated stress causes shortening and debranching of dendrite in the CA3 region of hippocampus and suppress neurogenesis of dentate gyrus granule neurons. At the molecular level, both form of structural remodeling appear to be mediated by glucocorticoid hormone working in concert with glutamate and N-methyl-D-aspartate(NMDA) receptor, along with transmitters such as serotonin and GABA-benzodiazepine system. In addition, the decreased expression and reduced level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) could contribute the atrophy and decreased function of stress-vulnerable hippocampal neurons. It is also suggested that atrophy and death of neurons in the hippocampus, as well as prefrontal cortex and possibly other regions, could contribute to the pathophysiology of depression. Antidepressant treatment could oppose these adverse cellular effects, which may be regarded as a loss of neural plasticity, by blocking or reversing the atrophy of hippocampal neurons and by increasing cell survival and function via up-regulation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding proteins(CREB) and BDNF. In this article, the molecular and cellular mechanisms that underlie stress, depression, and action of antidepressant are precisely discussed.

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Preparation and Electrochemical Properties of Polymeric Composite Electrolytes Containing Organic Clay Materials (Organic Clay가 첨가된 고분자 복합 전해질의 제조 및 전기화학적 성질)

  • Kim, Seok;Hwang, Eun-Ju;Lee, Jea-Rock;Kim, Hyung-Il;Park, Soo-Jin
    • Polymer(Korea)
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    • v.31 no.4
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    • pp.297-301
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    • 2007
  • In this work, polymer/(layered silicate) nanocomposites (PLSN) based on poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO), ethylene carbonate (EC) as a plasticizer, lithium salt ($LiClO_4$), and sodium montmorillonite ($Na^+-MMT$) or organic montmorillonite (organic MMT) clay were fabricated. And the effects of organic MMT on the polymer matrix were investigated as a function of ionic conductivity. For the application to electrolytes an Li batteries, polymer electrolytes containing the organic nanoclays were used in this work. As a result, the spacing between layers and hydrophobicity of the organic nanoclays were increased, affecting on the exfoliation behaviors of the MMT layers in clay/PEO nanocomposites. From ion-conductivity results, the organic-MMT showed higher values than those of $Na^+-MMT$, and the MMT-20A sample that was treated by methyl dihydrogenated tallow ammonium, showed the highest conductivity in this system.

Gas and Lipid Permeabilities and Biodegradability of Poly(3-Hydroxybutyric Acid)/Chitosan Blend Film (Poly(3-Hydroxybutyric Acid)와 Chitosan 블렌드 필름의 기체 투과도, 유지 투과도 및 생분해도)

  • 김미라
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.33 no.7
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    • pp.1224-1229
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    • 2004
  • The blend films of poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid) (PHB) with chitosan were prepared and water vapor transmission rate, oxygen permeability and lipid permeability of the PHB/chitosan films were measured. Additionally, the biodegradability of the PHB/chitosan films was also evaluated. Water vapor transmission rate and oxygen permeability of the films decreased by the addition of chitosan. The addition of polyethylene glycol (PEG, plasticizer), however, increased the water vapor transmission rate and oxygen permeability of the films. In the evaluation of lipid permeability, all the films except PHB (the film made of only PHB) and PHB-P (the film made of PHB and PEG) did not permeate beef tallow for 24 hours. The consumed oxygen for PHB/chitosan films during incubation was greater than that for the control on the biodegradability determination of the films, which implies that PHB/chitosan films were degraded by the microorganisms. The higher PHB ratio of the films was, the faster biodegradation of the films occurred.

Determination of Mefenamic Acid with Fe(II)-Dipyridyl-Mefenamic Acid Ternary Complex as Ion-exchagner (철-디피리딜-메페남산 삼원착물을 이용한 메페남산의 정량)

  • Nam, Su Ja;Moon, Hyun Sook;Lee, Mi Na;Jung, Moon Mo;Hur, Moon Hye;Ahn, Moon Kyu
    • Analytical Science and Technology
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    • v.14 no.1
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    • pp.59-63
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    • 2001
  • A PVC membrane electrodes based on Fe(II)-dipyridyl-mefenamic acid ternary complex as ion exchanger were prepared using o-nitrophenyl octyl ether as a plasticizer. The 2,2'-dipyridyl, 4,4'-dipyridyl and 4,4'-dipyridyl-2,2'-dipyridyl were used as dipyridyl derivative ligand. The electrode dxhibits a fast stable and linear response for $10^{-5}-10^{-3}mol/L$ mefenamate with an anionic slope of -55.98, -49.47, -59.35mV/decade in pH 8.9 borate buffer solution respectively. Potentiometric selectivity measurements revealed negligible interferences from aromatic and aliphatic carboxylic acid salts.

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Vitrification of Highly Active Liquid Waste(I) (Thermal Decomposition of Nitrates and Additives for Glass-making)

  • Chun, Kwan-Sik;Lee, Sang-Hoon
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • v.9 no.4
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    • pp.211-222
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    • 1977
  • The decomposition of all the individual chemicals used in the Harwell inactive vitrification pilot plant has been studied by means of a thermal balance. Weight loss curves to 110$0^{\circ}C$ have been obtained. The four materials (sodium nitrate, cesium nitrate, lithium nitrate and ruthenium nitroso-nitrate solution) showed a greater weight loss than that based on an oxide yield, and hence these compounds of their products of decomposition are volatile below 110$0^{\circ}C$. The remaining materials suffered a weight loss no more than that corresponding to a full yield of the oxide, and hence they were not volatile below 110$0^{\circ}C$. Most of chemicals begin to decompose at less than 75$^{\circ}C$ but the nitrates of cesium, strontium, barium and sodium not until 295$^{\circ}C$ to 59$0^{\circ}C$. The results obtained can be used in the analysis of process conditions in the vitrification and calcination of highly radioactive wastes and also of the thermal decomposition behaviour of mixtures containing those materials.

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Ion-Selective Electrodes for the Determination of Alverine (Alverine의 정량을 위한 Ion-Selective Electrodes)

  • Lee, Eun-Yup;Kim, Ki-Myo;Kim, Sung-Jin;Hur, Moon-Hye;Ahn, Moon-Kyu
    • Analytical Science and Technology
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    • v.8 no.1
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    • pp.79-84
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    • 1995
  • Ion-selective poly(vinyl chloride) membrane electrodes for the determination of the anticholinergic drug alverine in pure substances is described. Ion-pair complex of alverine with anionic counter ion acid red 97 is investigated as electroactive compound for the electrode membrane. On the optimal composition of membrane, its slope was 55.35mV/decade, relative standard deviation was 0.61 and lower limit of linear range was $1.0{\times}10^{-5}M$. The observed potentiometric selectivity coefficient was -2.625 toward methylephedrine and -2.216 toward histidine. We can got the stable potential at pH 7.0~4.0. Response time was 20~30 seconds for solutions${\leq}10^{-4}M$, about 10 seconds for solutions ${\geq}10^{-4}M$ of these compounds.

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