• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.223-230
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• 2006

The method of implementing a modular multiplier for Montgomery multiplication by using an adder depends on a selected adder. When using a CPA, there is a carry propagation problem. When using a CSA, it needs an additional calculation for a final result. The Multiplier using a Multi-precision CSA can solve both problems simultaneously by combining a CSA and a CPA. This paper presents an improved MP-CSA which reduces hardware resources and operation time by changing a MP-CSA's carry chain structure. Consequently, the proposed multiplier is more suitable for the module of long bit multiplication and exponentiation using a modular multiplier repeatedly.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.67-74
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• 2000

In this paper, a $54{\times}54$-bit multiplier based on a improved conditional sum adder is proposed. To reduce the multiplication time, high compression-rate compressors without Booth's Encoding, and a 108-bit conditional sum adder with separated carry generation block, are developed. Furthermore, a design technique based on pass-transistor logic is utilized for optimize the multiplication time and the power consumption by about 5% compared to that of conventional one. With $0.65{\mu}m$, single-poly, triple-metal CMOS process, its chip size is $6.60{\times}6.69\;mm^2$ and the multiplication time is 135.ns at a 3.3V power supply.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics B
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• v.33B no.1
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• pp.25-37
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• 1996

To process computer graphics in real time, the high-speed operations(multiplier and adder) are needed to increase the speed of graphic process. RNS(Residue Number System) is integer number system that has the parallel and high-speed operation. Also, it is able to design both high-speed multiplier and adder, since a cyclic group has an isomorphic relation between multiplication and addition in RNS. So in this paper, DRNS(Double Residue Number System) is proposed, it is used for the multiplier and the adder, which are designed using a circulative code for the high-speed graphic processor in RNS. The designed multiplier would operate with the speed of 87Mzz two TTL using 74s09 and 74s32.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.1484-1493
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• 1992

In this paper, we propose the polarization coding of optical logic gates using filters and LCTV's, and represent the real-time system of an optical parallel adder to improve a carry propagation delay time. We fabricated a polarization filter for the polarization coding of a cell and an electrical system instead of an optical flip-flop which was necessary to an optical parallel adder. We used an optical fiber to play a part of decoding mask and interconnections in an optical parallel adder. The experimental results show that the polarization coding of a cell can represent 16 optical logic functions and that the implemented optical parallel adder can operate in real-time.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.33 no.5C
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• pp.386-394
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• 2008

For digital holographic video system, it is important to generate digital hologram as fast as possible. This paper proposed a fixed-point method and fast generation method that can calculate the Fresnel hologram using operation of whole-coordinate recursive addition. To compute the digital hologram, 3D object is assumed to be a collection of depth-map point generated using a PC. Our algorithm can compute a phase on a hologram by recursive addition with fixed-point format at a high speed. When we operated this algorithm on a personal computer, we could maximally compute digital hologram about 70% faster than conventional method and about 30% faster than of [3]'s method.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.913-916
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• 2009

This paper describes a hardware design of hash processor which implements HAS-160 algorithm adopted as a Korean standard. To achieve a high-speed operation with small-area, the arithmetic operation is implemented using a hybrid structure of 5:3 and 3:2 carry-save adders and a carry-select adder. The HAS-160 processor synthesized with $0.35-{\mu}m$ CMOS cell library has 17,600 gates. It computes a 160-bit hash code from a message block of 512 bits in 82 clock cycles, and has 312 Mbps throughput at 50 MHz@3.3-V clock frequency.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.153-159
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• 2020

Rebels emerge after the late Joseon. Hong Gyung-rae will fight against the military by gathering dissatisfaction forces with regional and status discrimination. Gasan supervisor Jung - Si in the first battle. He urged him to surrender and participate in the rebellion, but Jung - Si refused to die. Surrounding officials did not protest and surrendered to the rebels. When Hong Gyeong-rae's rebellion subsided, the most damaging thing was the death of 2,000 people who were deceived and joined by Hong Gyeong-rae's propaganda. There would have been no death of the innocent people if the officials in charge of the government had actively defended them at the beginning of the rebellion. There is a need for a historical study on the time of the Gasan supervisor Jung-Si, who refused to surrender to the rebels and fought with death.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.661-670
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• 2016

In 2000, post-construction evaluation was introduced for the purposes to evaluate demand, cost, and construction period of public construction projects and to reduce errors of public order agencies. However, pricing guide of post-construction evaluation has not been established, which becomes a cause of quality degradation of post-construction service and conflict occurrence. This study suggests the pricing guide in the form of percentage of construction cost method and cost plus fee method based on data of post-construction evaluation. This study investigates the construction costs and service costs for post-construction evaluation and conducts the comparative analysis of 'percentage of construction cost method' and 'cost plus fee method.' The analysis result shows 'cost plus fee method' is more accuracy than 'percentage of construction cost method.' In particular, cost plus fee method includes various correction coefficients, such as distance, area, and integration, in order to reflect the project characteristics of each infrastructure, and suggests linear construction (roads, railways), nonlinear construction I (housing and industry complex), and nonlinear construction II (airports, seaports, dams, water and sewage).

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.135-150
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• 2010

This paper focuses on finding out which covenants are different among the concession agreements of Korean BTO projects and how these influenced IRR(Internal Rate of Return). That is, to figure out the political and economical determinants of IRR by analyzing the concession agreements which are the basic contract of implementing projects. As IRR is an index of profitability, so spread is an indicator of risk to collect debts. That's the reason why the analysis of spread is included. For the empirical analysis, the data of concession agreements for 75 projects and financial models are used. These 75 concession agreements are contracted from 1995 to 2008. The dependent variables are after tax nominal IRR and the spread of long term interest rates of 75 BTO projects. The independent variables are project's proceeding factors, the feasibility variables, the variables related to financial character and the variables related to covenants or the government's policy. The analysis shows that IRR has been influenced by the equity level of financial investors, the national government managed projects, the projects with minimum revenue guarantee (MRG), etc. And the equity level of financial investors, the national government managed projects and the implementation of supplementary project have an effect on spread also.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.453-474
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• 2020

Here, we present an updated checklist based on voucher specimens of vascular plants for Gasan Mt. which is located in Chilgok-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do, South Korea. The list includes 322 taxa in 212 genera and 81 families of vascular plants, of which 14 are endemic, six are rare plants, 48 are floristic target species, and 14 are considered naturalized in Korea. Based on voucher specimens, Gasan Mt. was the southern limit of Cimicifuga heracleifolia var. bifida Nakai and Iris odaesanensis Y. N. Lee on the Korean peninsula. Moreover, we confirmed a hybrid plant deriving from two Iris parents, I. minutoaurea Makino and I. odaesanensis, in a mountain fortress of Gasan Mt. We also present online databases including 325 voucher specimens deposited at the Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM; http://oasis.kiom.re.kr/herblib). This study has great significance as the first floristic study of Korean plants sharing virtual specimens online.