• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.30 no.5_6
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• pp.414-429
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• 2003

Component-based development(CBD) has been generalized in industry to master the complexity and reduce the development cost and time. However, current CBD practice is developing the component which is dependent on single application[l][2]. Therefore component variability is emphasized to reuse the component in many family members in a domain[8]. However, components are developed for the reason of replaceability rather than the reusability which is the main purpose of the component due to the insufficiency of the study of component variability definition and type[3]. In this paper, we formally specify the component variability reflecting the characteristics of the component to increase the component reusability. We define the logic variability which was recognized as the existing component variability and we propose all types of variability existing in the component by suggesting three more variability types. And we propose the component variability scope which makes us estimate and verify the number of cases of the variability when we customize the component. We propose these component variability types and scope through formal specification. By applying these techniques in developing components, we can develop high quality components reusable in many family members.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.13D no.4 s.107
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• pp.565-572
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• 2006

Product Line Engineering (PLE) is an effective reuse methodology where common features among members are captured into core assets and applications are developed by reusing the core assets, reducing development cost while increasing productivity. To maximize benefits in developing systems, business case analysis for PLE is essential. If the scope for core assets is excessively broad, it will result in high cost of asset development while lowering reusability. On the other hand, if the scope is too narrow, it will result in a limited applicability which only support a small number of members in the domain. In this paper, we propose a process for business case analysis for PLE and for deciding economical analysis of core asset scope. Then, we define guidelines for each activity of the process. Since variability often occurs in PLE, we significantly treat the variability of features among members in detailed level. By applying our framework for business case analysis, one can develop core assets of which scope provide the most economical value with applying PLE.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.30-44
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• 2009

Devices of home network system have different control data formats according to each product company. Therefore, types or protocols of digital devices are various. Also, interaction operating environments are different among various devices. These characteristics of home network system don't support sufficiently functionalities such as data comparability, concurrent control, dynamic plug-in, and so on. That is, the degree of reusability of home network system is very poor. This paper proposes a framework which can be coverable to the scope of reusability widely and a design technique based on framework in order to improve reusability. That is, we extract various parts of home network systems as variation points, classify and define these as variation types, propose a framework which can be reusable those, and proposes a design technique of variability to improve reusability. Finally, proposed technique can be reusable to various domains by applying proposed reusability framework into real home network system's design.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.59-66
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• 2003

From an sustainable perspective, one unique characteristic of Open Housing is its ability to individualize variable elements (infill) from the permanent elements (support) in accordance with the residents' needs. Such environment-friendly elements of Open Housing can contribute to increasing the life span of the building, reducing the scope of reconstruction, and minimizing the amount of disposed building materials during demolition. The purpose of this research is to analyze the flexibility concept from a typological perspective, so that the concept of open housing can be better understood and its development can be promoted. The main method of this study was content analysis. Based on literature review of flexibility concept in a typological approach, a primary categories were established to describe the flexibility concept such as time for flexibility, scope, and the degree of openness. Subsequently each criterion was elaborated as follows: planning, supply, and utility in the time stage; internal and external flexibility in its scope; and fixed, semi-free, and free flexibility in its openness degree. This research exposes the lack of comprehensive knowledge of Open Housing caused by rather uniform features of previous studies. This research establishes and promotes a systematic approach for a more holistic meaning of Open Housing. This approach should contribute to the proper utilization and further development of sustainable housing.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.30
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• pp.28-34
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• 2002

We need to think that space is not static but dynamic because it becomes wide and narrow, newly appears and disappears by human's behavior. Generally such movement in a space is a thing of feeling and dynamic about movement. But it is extending the experience of the subject by scientific technique's development and anticipation about the feature. The practical movement is actively introduced into architecture and interior design scope and occurs a trial about this movement. By using four elements -a form, hue, movement, light- kineticism becomes visual arts united with art and science. It recovers the art's sociality and arises participation of spectators. In the environment and art field kineticism is not simple ostentation but a current trial for human's mind and sensitivility. Kineticism is four-dimensional space considered by human's experience and is related to an observer, or experiential subject of space. Now the space except human's mind feature re-illuminates kineticism, that is, the field of the formative arts in the early part of the 20th century and gets to be 'the consensus space'.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.27-38
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• 2008

In the 21st century, the development of technology overturned the paradigm of the entire society and culture, and the term 'high-tech' became generally accepted around the world by the momentous advances of technology. The purpose of this study is to define the concept of high-tech fashion by clarifying the characteristics of high-tech fashion, and to propose the proper approach toward the coming fashion. Hussein Chalayan shows the experimental and futuristic designs based on the cultural context of architecture and sculpture. Moreover, the scope of this study has been limited into Hussein Chalayan's recent works after the year 2000 up to 2007. High-tech architecture has been, in some ways, a response to pow technology a new aesthetic in contrast with standard modern architecture. High-tech architecture aimed to achieve a new industrial aesthetic, spurred on by the renewed faith in the progression of technology. However, no matter how prominent the industrial look appeared, the functional element of modern architecture has been very much retained. The characteristics of high-tech architecture that had been extracted by analyzing the antecedent studies were: technocism, transformability, and dynamism. Furthermore, the characteristics of high-tech fashion has been explained based on the characteristics of high-tech architecture. First, technocism is expressed either by the new technologized materials, and advanced digital technology. Second, transformability is expressed in the transformable clothing, which performs various functions. Third, dynamism is displayed in dynamic forms influenced by the technology of engineering. High-tech will be the dominant influence in fashion, and the designers will be enamored with the technologies of the new millenium. Architecture and fashion share the characteristics of high-tech, and their common cultural features is confirmed again.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.66 no.1
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• pp.108-121
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• 2016

The objective of the study is to propose diverse knitwear designs by expanding the scope of the use and application of knit fabric. The study looked into diversifying the knitwear designs by using different types of zippers and with the combination of the diversity given by the zipper used in attachable and detachable method and the traditional North European knit patterns. One way of contributing to the diversity of fashion design is to use the zipper, as it can be implemented as an attachable and detachable fastening system. Also, the combination of North European traditional knit patterns with knit fabric can create a new and unique knit styling. The content of the research focuses on the history and definition of North European traditional knitwear based on the analysis of theoretical background, types, and characteristics of the knit patterns. Case studies were observed to show the application of knit patterns. The methods of the study used are preceding research along with research, collection, analysis of data, information from Korean and foreign literature, and Internet websites. During knitwear production, the two types of zippers were used in combination with four traditional Northern European knitwear Aran, Fair Isle, Nordic, and Ropy. The knitting techniques applied in the process were cable fisherman (5GG, SES 124CS) and Tubular Jacquard (3GG, 7GG, SES 122CS) for knitting machinery, and the technique of whole garment for hand knitting.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.30
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• pp.235-270
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• 2018

The term, Degree Number, was religiously re-interpreted by Jeungsan (甑山) Kang Il-Sun (姜一淳, 1871~1909) and used by him to imply 'the principle of ruling the world.' It was especially the case that his usage of Degree Number referred to the new law that will rule during the Later World, and the significance of this was promoted during Jeungsan's Reordering Works of Heaven and Earth. And Jeongsan (鼎山) Jo Cheol-Je (趙哲濟, 1895~1958), who received a revelation from Jeungsan, established new religious movements including Mugeuk-do and Taegeuk-do and gave a broader meaning to the term Degree Number which he adopted from Jeungsan. He endowed it with the additional meaning of 'all the religious activities performed to achieve an ideal world.' In the history of Korean religions, Degree Number was newly interpreted by the religiously-gifted Jeungsan, who appeared at the end of the Joseon Dynasty. The lineage of religious thought related to Degree Numbers was constantly transmitted through Mugeuk-do and Taegeuk-do both of which were founded by Jeongsan Jo Cheol-Je. Later, Park Han-Gyeong (朴漢慶, 1917~1996) succeeded this lineage when he established Daesoon Jinrihoe in 1969. Religious thought related to Degree Numbers came from Jeungsan's self-realization that he was 'Sangje (the Supreme God).' The thought was also formed by his religious declaration wherein he changed the Degree Number of mutual contention in the Former World to that of mutual beneficence in the Later World. What Jeungsan emphasized was the fluidity of Degree Numbers. Just like human beings are never able to escape from the bonds of their destiny, in Jeungsan's thought, forced or ordained cosmic orders do not exist. In the outworn world of the past, which has been defined as the Former World, the Degree Number was recognized as the ordained law and norm, but as the Later World was coming, Jeungsan recalibrated the Degree Number and defined it anew through his own authority and power as the Supreme God. Jeongsan recalibrated many Degree Numbers throughout his life. The number of Degree Numbers which Jeungsan recalibrated is relatively fewer than that of Jeongsan, who inherited the thought of Jeungsan, and then went on to categorize almost every major religious activity he performed a Degree Number. In this context, Jeungsan's 'Degree Number' became expanded and broadened in terms of its scope.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.61-92
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• 2011

We analyzed the efficiency of environment investments by taking examples of central government's environmental investment (CGEI hereafter) and investment in prevention of environmental pollution (IPEP hereafter). We expanded the scope of existing studies by decomposing the internal rate of return (IRR hereafter) and present value of benefit (Bpv hereafter) into variable cost (VC hereafter) reduction, investment cost reduction (STC-VC hereafter), and rent. And we found that Bpv checks only the magnitude of benefit, while IRR indicates the existence of efficiency by investigating short-run total cost (STC hereafter) reduction and rent. Finally, by analyzing investment efficiency and changing benefit with respect to CGEI and IPEP through the investment efficiency methodology that compares IRR with market interest rate, we executed retrospective benefit-cost analysis. Accordingly, CGEI and IPEP are not efficient. However, IPEP is even more inefficient than CGEI.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.201-215
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• 1993

The health status of workers in a foundry was analyzed in a study which consisted of evaluations of respiratory health together with environmental measurements. The results from environmental measurements showed values exceeding permissible exposure limits. A t-test was done with log transformed and untransformed data to examine the statistical significance for the noncompliance with exposure standards. For the analysis of categorical health outcomes, $\chi$-square test with 2 $\times$ 2 tables and logistic regression analysis were employed. For continuous variables, multiple linear regression was done against assessed risk factors. Pros and cons of different parameters in the compliance (or noncompliance) testing were presented. Respiratory function did not show any relation with occupational exposures, which may be due to the healthy worker effects. Strategies for controlling time dependent covariates were discussed in relation to the healthy worker effect. The scope of statistical analysis in occupational health studies is still limited in Korea without a suitable external comparison group such as credible vital statistics for the whole nation. Internal comparisons between different exposure status often result in unstable estimates of effect, and proportional morbidity study is discussed as an alternative potential research tool.