• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.1015-1018
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• 2008

To analyze the population genetic structure of the oyster Crassostrea gigas Thunberg, 34 specimens werecollected from Gamak bay in March, 2007. Total genomic DNA was extracted from each sample and PCR was performed to identify haplotypes of oyster by using HCO2918 and LCO1491 primers. Four kinds of haplotypes (CR1, CR2, CR3, and CR4) were identified. Among these group, CR3 showed the highest relative frequency at 73% than any other of haplotypes. On the basis of hierarchical genetic structure, the population of Gamak showed a higher genetic relationship with Namhae, but the genetic distance between southern and western coasts was negative and no statistical significance was found (p>0.05). Consequently, the oyster from Korea coast is determined to be both homogenous and large.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.289-291
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• 2007

본 연구의 대상해역은 여수반도 남단에 위치한 가막만은 굴을 비롯한 패류양식 생산활동에 기여하는 자연환경의 실질적인 가치와 인간경제 시스템에 대한 EMERGY 분석법으로 평가하고자 한다. 이를 기초로 넙치생산의 지속적인 발전방향을 제시하고자 했다. 2004년 통계를 기준으로 가막만 양식에 유입되는 총 EMERGY의 양은 33.42E+19 sej/yr이고, 이 중 자연환경으로부터 영속성 에너지는 2.95E+20 sej/yr 이며, 주 경제로부터 유입되는 비영속성 에너지는 3.92E+19 sej/yr이다. 자연환경으로부터의 유입이 전체 에너지원의 88%이고, 주 경제로부터의 유입은 12%로서 환경자원에 대한 의존도가 높은 1차 산업의 구조적 특징을 나타내고 있다. Net EMERTY yield ratio는 8.52으로 이는 주 경제로부터 투입된 에너지(비영속성 에너지)에 대해 8배 만큼 수산물을 얻을 수 있는 자원으로서의 가치를 가진다. EMERGY Investment Ratio 0.13은 주 경제로부터 유입된 에너지의 약 7배에 해당하는 에너지를 자연환경에서 얻을 수 있음을 의미한다. EMERGY량이 모두 현재의 EMERGY 생산비대로 생산이 된다는 가정하면 가막만의 패류(굴) 생산량은 환경수용량의 50%정도에도 못 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.362-366
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• 2012

To explore on the defense strategies against hervivory of five Viburnum species, morphological characteristics of the leaf, leaf domatia structure and the number, herbivores insects and mites on the leaves, collected from the trees growing in Wonju-si, Pyeungchang-gun, Taebaek-si, Taean-gun, Bonghwa-gun, Sancheung-gun and Jinju-si were investigated from May 2009 to October 2011. Domatia of V. carlesii reveals pocket type, these of V. burejaeticum, V. dilatatum and V. wrightii reveal tuft type, and that of V. odoratissimum var. awabuki reveals pouch type. Domatia number per leaf proves the highest figures, 24.0/leaf for V. burejaeticum, and the lowest, 4.9/leaf for V. carlesii. Leaf surface trichomes of four Viburnum species except for V. odoratissimum var. awabuki are mainly stellate and hispid on the leaf-blade and veins, and dense stellate trichomes on the upper leaf surface of V. carlesii, V. burejaeticum, and V. dilatatum are observed till late growing season. Extrafloral nectaries(EFN) on the terminal veins of five Viburnum species are observed. Pellucid dots on the lower leaf surface of V. dilatatum and V. wrightii might be a good defense strategies against herbivores. We observe many predatory mites eating nectar on large pellucid dots of V. dilatatum. Predatory mites number per leaf proved highly significant differences among tree species, and mean of mites number was highest values 8.1/leaf for V. burejaeticum, and the lowest 2.6/leaf for V. odoratissimum var. awabuki. These results indicate that temperate broadleave trees develop various defense strategies against herbivores for survival. The more studies on the defense strategies against herbivores of tree species might be needed for sustainable forest ecosystem.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.31-40
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• 2007

To find out the effect of the spat planting time and environmental factors in the arkshell, Scapharca broughtonii (Schrenck), we investigated the growth, survival rate of arkshell and habitat characteristics in Gamak Bay, Yeoja Bay and Saryang Island. We planted artificial spats of arkshell in Gamak Bay and Yeoja Bay at November 2004, and also planted domestic and Chinese natural spats in Saryang Island at March 2005. We measured growth, survival rate of arkshell, physiochemical parameters of the water mass (water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, nutrients and chlorophyll a) and characteristics of the sediment (oxygen penetration depth, oxygen microprofiles, ignition loss and chemical oxygen demand) by monthly. The cumulative survival ratio of arkshell in Gamak Bay was the highest at December, whereas the ratio of arkshell in Yeoja Bay was recorded as 0% at October. The monthly growth rates of arkshell length in Gamak Bay and Yeoja Bay were the highest in May and the growth rate of the Korean arkshell in Saryang Island was higher than Chinese ones significantly. The high mortality (> 65%) of the arkshell in Yeoja Bay during summer probably caused by high water temperature, inflow of low salinity water, and low dissolved oxygen concentration in sediment. The concentrations of nutrient and sediment COD were considered to play an important role in the monthly survival ratio of arkshell in Gamak Bay and Sarayng Island. We suggest that the growth and mortality of arkshell might be influenced to the planting time of spat and the habitat characteristics.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.17
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• pp.53-57
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• 1999

The experiments were conducted to determine the factors such as light and darkness, phytohormone and seed coat, influencing on seed germination of Bidens tripartita L. and B. frondosa. The seeds of both species were germinated when seed coat was damaged and weakened. $GA_3$ and BA stimulated germination of both species but ABA and IAA had no effect on germination of them, which ranged 50.0% to 80.0%. In B. forndosa, when inner layer of seed coat was removed, germination was highly promoted up to 96.7% compared with 10.0% germination rate in another treatments.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.709-715
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• 1996

In order to estimate the carrying capacity of oyster culture ground in Kamak Bay, primary productivity was calculated using the ecosystem model. The allowable maximum oyster production, namely, the carrying capacity of Kamak Bay was estimated by using the annual phytoplankton production and conversion coefficient to oyster meat. On the environmental conditions of oyster culture period from lune, 1994 to March, 1995, phytoplankton production, the allowable maximum oyster production were estimated to be 181,594 tons of carbon and 287,033 tons of oyster meat, respectively. The allowable maximum oyster production was estimated to be 15,443 tons in the actual culture ground where oyster culture facilities are installed in Kamak Bay. In 1994 4,532 tons of actual oyster meat production was equivalent to ra. $29\%$ of carrying capacity, and in 1987 it was 14,592 tons equivalent to ca. $95\%$.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.250-261
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• 1995

This study was carried out to investigate the distribution of the benthic polychaetous community in Kamak Bay, in summer of 1993. Polychaetes, the dominant faunal group comprising 74.5% of the total number of fauna, consisted of a total of 84 species with a mean density of 112 indiv.m/SUP -2/. The number of species and density were higher in the mouth area of the bay than in the rest of the bay. The most dominant Polychaete was Tharyx sp.(31.9%), followed by Lumbrineris longifolia (27.5%), Chone sp.(4.5%) and Glycera chirori (4.2%). The correspondence analysis revealed that the study area could be divided into four regions. Northeastern channel and southern mouth region of the bay, named Tharyx-Chone assemblage, sustained higher polychaetous density and species number due to the active water exchange with the outer off-sea, whereas northwestern region of the bay had the poorest polychaetous assemblage in the species number and faunal density owing to the blocking water exchange, high organic enrichment in sediment, and low dissolved oxygen content of bottom water. The central region, named Praxillella-Terebellides assemblage and Gly-cera assemblage, was the transition zone between another two region in species composition.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.147-151
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• 2005

• Agrochemical news magazine
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• v.22 no.5 s.168
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• pp.42-44
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• 2001

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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• 1995.06a
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• pp.347-350
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• 1995