• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.189-203
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• 2010

The objective of this study is the estimate of $CO_2$ emissions by the energy consumption of functional technology introduced by classifying energy use in households according to functions as well as energy resources. This study also intends to provide the practical basis data in order to establish specific alternatives for GHG mitigation in residential sector with examining the cause analysis affecting $CO_2$ emission increases from 1995 to 2007. The results of this study show a 6.6% increase in the total $CO_2$ from 60,636 thousand tons in 1995 to 64,611 thousand tons in 2007 by using energy in residential sector. Heating is the greatest $CO_2$ emission sector by use, followed electric appliances, cooking, lighting and cooling. Heating sector shows 56.6% reductions from 71.5% in 1995 and as do cooling and electric home appliances, with a 2.4% increase from 0.6% and a 21.8% increase from 14.2% respectively. To analyze factors resulted in $CO_2$ emissions in residential sector, the relevant indicator change rate from 2005 to 2007 was examined. The results find that population, the number of household, housing areas, family patterns, and family income resulted in the $CO_2$ emissions increase in residential sector from 1995 to 2007. On the other hand, carbon intensity and energy intensity contribute to $CO_2$ reduction in residential sector with -2% and -38.7% respectively because of the energy conversion and the improvement of energy efficiency in electronic appliances. This study can be used as a reference when taken account of the reality and considered the introduction of highly effective measures to increase the possibility of mitigation potential in residential sector hereafter.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.10
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• pp.153-160
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• 2019

In this study, The purpose of this study is to analyze how the rating scale and review contents attributes of social network-based services and products affect consumer purchasing patterns. information provided by screening the main factors. These analyzes are closely and quickly integrated between individuals and businesses, and enable to analyze the transaction that the impact of changing consumers on consumption and purchasing through the usefulness and a priori estimates of reviews and ratings at this time when networks and smart technologies are involved in a wide range of consumer activities. For this study, hierarchical analysis (AHP) and delphi (Delphi) methods applied to classify the high end variables into usefulness, technicality and value, Each subvariable was grouped into three factors and analyzed for importance through evaluation weights. As a result, we could analyze the importance of durability, usefulness, technological innovation, and cost and quality of value. Therefore, this study is expected to provide supplementary and additional useful information to consumers and companies participating in economic activities in various ways by simultaneously analyzing the review score and the reliability of posting information provided by verifying the main factors.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.151-172
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• 1998

Over the past two decades, the process of globalization of multinational corporations has increased at a rapid rate. One manifestation of this process is the establishment of corporate head offices in a variety of international centers to administer and coordinate, the day-to-day operations in the host countries. In establishing a subsidiary overseas a firm creates a direct link between the operations of the domestic corporate center and the foreign host center This paper investigates elements of stability and change in the international linkage patterns among domestic parent corporations and host subsidiaries over the past several decades. In particular, it seeks answers to a number of question related to stability and change in linkages among foreign centers of control and those Canadian centers selected to administer the subsidiary operations from 1970 to 1991 over the four primary sectors, namely, resources, manufacturing, services, and finance. By confirming the core stability and dispersed linkages hypotheses, the papar offers some generalizations with respect to the location and stability of subsidiary headquarters centers in Canada and their respective subsector specialties. Finally, it addresses further research avenues fer the quaternary place study.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.371-383
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• 1999

This report gave analysis of food demand both in Korea and Japan through introducing the concept of cohort analysis to the conventional demand model. This research was done to clarify the factors which determine food demand of the household. The traits of the new model for demand analysis are to consider and quantify those effects on food demand not only of economic factors such as expenditure and price but also of non-economic factors such as the age and birth cohort of the householder. The results of the analysis can be summarized as follows: 1) The comparison of the item-wise elasticities of food demand demonstrates that the expenditure elasticity is higher in Korea than in Japan and that the expenditure elasticity is -0.1 for cereal and more than 1 for eating-out in both countries. In respect to price elasticity, the absolute values of all the items except alcohol and cooked food are higher in the Korea than in Japan, and especially the price elasticities of beverages, dairy products and fruit are predominantly higher in Japan. In this way, both expenditure and price elasticities of a large number of items are higher in Korea than in Japan, which may be explained from the fact that the level of expenditure is higher in Japan than in Korea. 2) In both of Korea and Japan, as the householder grows older, the expenditure for each item increases and the composition of expenditure changes in such a way that these moves may be regarded as due to the age effect. However, there are both similarities and differences in the details of such moves between Korea and Japan. Those two countries have this trait in common that the young age groups of the householder spend more on dairy products and middle age groups spend more on cake than other age groups. In the Korea, however, there can be seen a certain trend that higher age groups spend more on a large number of items, reflecting the fact that there are more two-generation families in higher age groups. Japan differs from Korea in that expenditure in Japan is diversified, depending upon the age group. For example, in Japan, middle age groups spend more on cake, cereal, high-caloric food like meat and eating-out while older age groups spend more for Japanese-style food like fish/shellfish and vegetable/seaweed, and cooked food. 3) The effect of the birth cohort effect was also demonstrated. The birth cohort effect was introduced under the supposition that the food circumstances under which the householder was born and brought up would determine the current expenditure. Thus, the following was made clear: older generations in both countries placed more emphasis upon stable food in their composition of food consumption; the share of livestock products, oil/fats and externalized food was higher in the food composition of younger generation; differences in food composition among generations were extremely large in Korea while they were relatively small in Japan; and Westernization and externalization of diet made rapid increases simultaneously with generation changes in Korea while they made any gradual increases in Japan during the same time period. 4) The four major factors which impact the long-term change of food demand of the household are expenditure, price, the age of the householder, and the birth cohort of the householder. Investigations were made as to which factor had the largest impact. As a result, it was found that the price effect was the smallest in both countries, and that the relative importance of the factor-by-factor effects differed among the two countries: in Korea the expenditure effect was greater than the effects of age and birth cohort while in Japan the effects of non-economic factors such as the age and birth cohort of householder were greater than those of economic factors such as expenditures.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.1517-1524
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• 2014

In recent years, the interest of environmental-friendly transportation modes has been growing. This is because of social and environmental problems such as increasing gas price and climate change. In Europe, bike-sharing service, one of the environmental-friendly transportation modes, has been already operated. Bike-sharing service named "Tashu" has been operated in Daejeon city since 2009. This study is a fundamental research to increase utilization efficiency of bike-sharing service and to decide optimal locations of bike stations. In addition this study examines characteristics of bike usage and analyzes factors affecting to demands using multiple regression model. Based on the result of examining of characteristics of bike usage, the rate of bike usage is higher compared with installation rate of public bike stations near parks in Daejeon. In addition demands of bike usage in weekend is higher than in weekday. It reveals that the main purpose of bike usage could be recreational activities. The return rate at the same location with rental station is comparatively high. Moreover, bike usage pattern is biased in specific areas (Dunsan and Yuseong) because bike-sharing stations are not equally located. As a result of multiple regression model, the factors affecting to demands are number of passengers in buses, length of bike lanes, parks, distance to waterfront, and rate of young people. A statistical significance of factors (r-square) is 0.748, which has strong relationship.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.175-197
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• 2017

As a revision negotiation on the KORUS FTA has become a national pending issue, this study aims to analyze changes in the trade structure of Korean export industry before and after the KORUS FTA. For the analysis, this study used Market Comparative Advantage(MCA) and Intra-industry Trade(IIT) indexes. Results of the analysis are as follows: First, in analyzing the competitive and complementary relationships of export products using the MCA index, it was discovered that Korea has formed an export-oriented complementary relationship with the United States. Second, the results of analysing IIT showed that Korea has made a low-quality vertical IIT with the U.S. in some items while it has usually made a weak IIT with the U.S.. Based on the results above, this study proposes a few policy suggestions in the following areas: Improvement of competitiveness in trade-deficit service sector, achievement of the balance of profit and loss in goods and service sectors through the revision negotiation of the KORUS FTA, enhancement of competitiveness in competitive and comparative disadvantage items, reinforcement of ability to respond to consumption patterns in U.S. market, etc. in export-dominant items, and pursuit of horizontal-vertical division of labor in comparative advantage items and horizontal division of labor in comparative disadvantage items.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.438-456
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• 2010

Iris recognition uses a unique iris pattern of user to identify person. In order to enhance the performance of iris recognition, it is reported that the diameter of iris region should be greater than 200 pixels in the captured iris image. So, the previous iris system used zoom lens camera, which can increase the size and cost of system. To overcome these problems, we propose a new method of enhancing the accuracy of iris recognition on low-resolution iris images which are captured without a zoom lens. This research is novel in the following two ways compared to previous works. First, this research is the first one to analyze the performance degradation of iris recognition according to the decrease of the image resolution by excluding other factors such as image blurring and the occlusion of eyelid and eyelash. Second, in order to restore a high-resolution iris image from single low-resolution one, we propose a new method based on multiple multi-layered perceptrons (MLPs) which are trained according to the edge direction of iris patterns. From that, the accuracy of iris recognition with the restored images was much enhanced. Experimental results showed that when the iris images down-sampled by 6% compared to the original image were restored into the high resolution ones by using the proposed method, the EER of iris recognition was reduced as much as 0.133% (1.485% - 1.352%) in comparison with that by using bi-linear interpolation

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.273-286
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• 2016

This study investigated the information contents of KOSPI200 Options for intraday big market movement by using minute by minute data. The major findings are summarized as follows; First, big market movement occurred more frequently during 9:00~10:00 and 14:00~14:50. These phenomena reflect market unstability just after opening and near closing. Second, VKSOPI is most closely associated with extreme changes such as KOSPI200 jumps. Third, VKOSPI is showed more predictive power with negative KOSPI200 jumps than KOSPI200 jumps. Fourth, VKOSPI showed predictive power for the positive and negative jumps up to 30 minutes before the jumps occurs. The purpose of this study is to explore the most recent topics in the field of finance, research on market microstructure. This study is an important contribution to investigate intraday information comprehensively in terms of market microstructure effects using the 15-year long-term and the high-frequency data(minute by minute). The results of this study are expected to contribute to detect intraday true jumps, proactive development of market risk indicators, risk management, derivatives investment strategy.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.276-283
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• 2021

The capital structure of the shipping business, which is characterized by its capital intensity and extreme market volatility, is closely related to long-term stability. Research in this area has been conducted mostly in the form of deriving the determinants of capital structure from company-wise financial ratios. This research, on the other hand, has a different approach to the topic. It identifies the relationship between actual cash profit and loss and other variables - i.e. actual vessel prices, interest rates and leverage ratio - by employing historical simulation. The result demonstrates that the P anamax cash profit shows 0 (break-even point) when the debt weight reaches 64.38% (debt ratio 180.74%) and the Cape, 73.04% (debt ratio 270.92%). Additionally, the ships of different types show a divided pattern for the pre- and post-'Super Boom'. It indicates that the business area and the market cycle should be considered when a leverage strategy is established. This research benefits shipping companies set a rational leverage strategy as well as delivers a reasonable guideline to government authorities for the development of a sound policy on shipping finance.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.689-698
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• 2007

This study aims to estimate the genetic parameters for carcass traits on Hanwoo of breeding farmhouses using Animal Products Grading Service’s data of 428,812 cattle from 101 slaughterhouses nationwide from 2000 to 2005. Using carcass traits of carcass weight, eye muscle area, backfat thickness, marbling score, meat color and fat color that greatly influence Hanwoo's grade, the effects of carcass year, carcass season, sex and carcass region were estimated. Based upon carcass traits of carcass weight, eye muscle area, backfat thickness, marbling score and meat color that greatly influence Hanwoo’s grade, the heritabilities and genetic parameters were estimated of 17,578 Hanwoo slaughtered in 2005 with existing herdbook, where EM-REML algorithm was used in estimating genetic parameters. The mean and standard deviation of each carcass trait are 321.42±53.62kg, 76.25±10.43cm2, 9.96± 4.14mm, 3.75±2.00, 4.83±0.48 and 2.99±0.40, for carcass weight, eye muscle area, backfat thickness, marbling score, meat color and fat color, respectively. As a result of analysis on the effects of carcass year, the carcass weight, backfat thickness and meat color came out highest as 359.40±0.181, 9.82±0.017 and 4.90±0.002, respectively in 2004. As a result of analysis on the effects of carcass season, the carcass weight and eye muscle area came out highest as 345.88±0.144 and 79.57±0.033 respectively in spring, and the backfat thickness was highest as 8.78±0.013 in winter, and the meat color and fat color slightly came out higher as 4.88±0.002 and 2.96±0.001 in fall, while the marbling score was highest as 3.29±0.006 in summer. The results of the analysis on the effects of sex indicated that the backfat thickness and fat color were highest as 10.53±0.010 and 3.07±0.001 in cow, the carcass weight came out highest in Hanwoo steer as 368.03±0.068kg, the eye muscle area were highest as 82.96±0.042 in bull, and the marbling score was highest as 4.19±0.007 in steer, and the meat color was highest as 4.89±0.001 in cow. Regarding the results of analysis on the effects of carcass region, the carcass weight, eye muscle area,