• Land and Housing Review
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.23-32
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• 2019

Vacuum Insulation Panel(VIP) has the lowest thermal conductivity among present insulations. It is composed of envelope, core material and getter. Aluminum film is usually used as the envelope of VIP, and it is important component to decide the useful life of VIP. In this research, the thermophysical properties of incombustible fiber glass core VIP were investigated with the possibility of its architectural applications. The results of this research can be summarized as follows: 1) The thermal conductivity of 20mm-thick fiber glass core VIP is resulted as 0.00177W/m·K, which means that 20mm-thick VIP can meet all the reinforced insulation guideline and it can be used in any envelope of any region in Korea. 2) As a result of the test of incombustion and gas toxicity, fiber glass core VIP was suitable for incombustible material. 3) As the test result for the long term thermal conductivity, fiber glass core VIP was found out that it would keep above 10 times insulating performance than polystyrene foam and glass fiber. 4) To meet the thermal transmittance of 0.12W/㎡K, limited-combustible insulation of expanded polystyrene foam and phenolic foam should be used respectively as thick as above 280mm and 170mm, incombustible VIP can meet the same insulation level with 20mm thickness. 5) The price competitiveness of incombustible VIP to meet the thermal transmittance of 0.12W/㎡·K was about 1,500won/㎡ higher than that of phenolic foam.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.257-273
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• 2011

This study aimed to identify the problems by analyzing the actual condition based on the legal requirements among Saemaul mini-libraries in Busan Metropolitan City. The results are like these. There were 154 Saemaul mini-Libraries. Of them, the rate of Small-Libraries which satisfied the requirements of a municipal library to the Library Act was 0%(0) in part of building floor space, 1%(1) in part of a reading room, 40%(59) in part of the data in a library and 31%(45) in the number of books to be supplemented per year. Mini-library which satisfied as the requirements for a small-scale public library was 37%(58) in part of the floor space, 66%(101) in part of a reading room, and 73%(112) in part of data in a library. 50%(77) of the mini-library was open more than 5 days per week. 52% (80) Mini-libraries was open for more than 5 hours per day. mini-library with permanent professionals(librarians) was only 1%(2). Mini-libraries of 99%(152) were non-professional workers(no librarians). For the average budget per year, 81%(127) spent less than 10 million won. 5%(5) received government subsidies. The mini-library of 74%(114) spent less than 5 million won on average for purchasing materials. Most of mini-libraries didn't meet the requirements of small-scale libraries to be private libraries or public libraries. It was also found that mini-libraries had various features on the location.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1979

To find out effective cultural methods of soybean sprouts, soaking time, irrigation number and culture temperature influencing on the soybean sprouts were investigated. The optimum soaking was the time which the soybean weight reached the double comparing the initial weight. The relationship between soaking time and temperature could be expressed as ${\hat{Y}}=-0.298x+14.463$(${\hat{Y}}$;time, x; temperature). The optimum number of irrigation was the four times per one day, observing the fresh weight of sprouts, length of axis, length of edible axis and length of roots. Considering only length of axis, optimum temperature was $25^{\circ}C$ but it was estimated to $21-22^{\circ}C$ minimizing the loss of dry weight and nitrogen.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.53-64
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• 2015

Several countries have built National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) for information sharing among various fields. One of the important factors of NSDI is framework data, which is the most commonly used geospatial data across various fields. Previous studies on the framework data suggest components based on frequency survey and case study. However, such research methods do not have objectivity in setting the components of the framework data. This research uses factor analysis with 104 medium-level layers from the most widely used National Base Map and 5 layers from the other sources including cadastre and aerial image. Each layer is scaled with usage level as four different patterns of 1) background data, 2) reference data, 3) base data, and 4) other data, respectively. The analysis results show that the layers are grouped into 5 to 7 factors according to the patterns. ANOVA reveals that the mean differences between the factors with high values and the other factors with low values under each pattern are statistically significant. Such high value factors under each pattern consist of similar layers, close to identical, with those under the other categories. This research proposes framework data system, including transportation, building, hydrography, elevation, administrative district, digital orthoimagery, geodetic control, and cadastral based on the analysis results. Proposed framework in this research will be a basis of establishing spatial data sharing system. For sharing proposed framework data in various fields, these data must be established and distributed as actual standard and also related future researches should be performed.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.11-21
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• 2010

This study presents seismic responses of 5-story reinforced concrete structures retrofitted with the buckling-restrained braces using a time-dependent element. The time-dependent element having birth and death times can freely be activated within the user defined time intervals during the time history analysis. The buckling-restrained brace that showed the largest energy dissipation capacity among the test specimens in previous research was used for retrofitting the RC buildings in this study. It was assumed that the first story of the damaged building under the first earthquake was retrofitted with the buckling-restrained braces considered as the time-dependent element before the second of the successive earthquakes occurs. Under this assumption, this paper compares seismic responses of the RC structures with the time-dependent element subjected to the successive earthquake. Subjected to the second earthquake, it was observed that activation of the BRB systems largely decreases deformation of the moment frame where the damage was concentrated under the first earthquake. However, damages to the shear wall systems were increased after activation of the BRB systems. Since the cumulative damages of the shear wall systems were infinitesimal compared with the retrofit effect of the moment frame, the BRB system was effective under the successive earthquake.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.119-123
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• 2009

Waste nutrient solution (WNS) that composed of nutrient solution of horticultural research institute in Japan and used for culture tomato in perlite hydroponics showed $1.9{\sim}2.4$ dS/m of EC and $5.5{\sim}7.1$ of pH. Although $NH_{4}^+$-N concentration of WNS decreased remarkably, the others did not change significantly as compared with supplied solution. The growth characteristics such as plant height, stem diameter, leaf length, and leaf width were increased as amount of compost was increased in 1 L WNS supply treatment. But there was not any regular tendency on growth characteristics in 2 L/plant WNS supply treatment. The chlorophyll content of tomato leaf was highest in I L/plant WNS supply and 4,000 kg/10a compost treatment. The fresh and dry weight, and yield of tomato fruit also increased with increase of amount of WNS and compost, and they were highest in 1 L WNS supply and 4,000 kg/10a compost treatment. The sugar content of tomato fruits was not influenced by amount of WNS and compost, fructose and glucose and total sugar was highest in 2 L/plant WNS supply and 2,000 kg/10a compost treatment. Therefore fertigation culture used WNS is environmentally friendly and can guarantee yield and quality of tomato fruits and growth of tomato plants.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.173-181
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate actual sleeping environments in Ondol rooms depending on the season. The experiment was performed on five healthy women. The bedroom environments using Ondol were measured in five cases (three apartments and two houses). The environments in bedroom, bedding temperature, skin temperature and thermal sensation were measured continuously through the seven days for each season in real life. This data of sleeping environments were analyzed in the view of seasonal variations and housing types. Annual average bedroom temperatures: $26.2{\sim}31.0^{\circ}C$ in apartments, $15.7{\sim}33.6^{\circ}C$ in houses. Annual average bedroom humidity: 48.3~82.1% RH in apartments, 64.9~87.0% RH in houses. During sleeping, temperatures of contact surfaces like sheets and under quilts ranged between $30.5^{\circ}C$ and $34.1^{\circ}C$ regardless of season or housing type. Annual average rectal temperature was $36.8^{\circ}C$ with no significant difference in season or housing type. In the point of thermal sensation, neutral temperature of the bedroom was $25.9^{\circ}C$ in apartments and $20.3^{\circ}C$ in houses. It was concluded that in spite of thermal environmental variations according to the seasons, skin, bedding and bedroom temperatures in apartments were better and more stable than those of houses. It is regarded that while houses are brick structured, apartments are steel-frame structured. Due to better insulation and air tightness, apartments were affected less from outdoor temperature and maintained higher room temperature than houses.

• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.103-114
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• 2004

This study aims at investigating the effect of soil moisture control and truss limited high density culture on the growth, fruit yield and quality of tomato. To minimize of loss yield of tomato, flower cluster in number was limited to two and three truss and planting density was raised. Soil moisture control was started from 40 days after anthesis and irrigation point was set in -30kPa and -50kPa, which were compared with -10kPa For high density culture, the planting number of truss limited high density culture was planted twice as many as control. Soil moisture repression reduced the growth of stem diameter, leaf and plant height. Leaf chlorophyll content was higher in -50kPa and -30kPa than control. No significant differences, however, shows in -10kPa. The occurrence rate of bloom-end rot and cracking was increased by growing of irrigation repression. Pinching three fruit truss was higher than pinching two fruit truss in the occurrence rate of them. Soil moisture repression resulted in the reduction of fruit weight and in special, truss limited high density was distinctly decreased in -50kPa. The number of fruit was not affected by soil moisture control, but 3rd flower cluster was lower than 2nd flower cluster in the number of fruits and 2nd one was lower than 1st one. Under irrigation repression, rate of dry matter tended to grow in -30kPa, -50kPa compared with control and pinching three fruit truss was higher than two truss. Marketable yield dropped to 36.7%m 46.3 in -30kPa, -50kPa on pinching two fruit truss and dropped to 27.3%, 32.3% in 3rd flower cluster compared with control.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.117-122
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• 2020

This study was conducted to figure out the productivity of Italian ryegrass(IRG) and leaching water characteristics based on horse manure compost level in Jeju. This study was conducted for about six months. Six treatments were established : non-fertilizer(NF), chemical fertilizer 100%(CF), horse manure compost 50% and chemical fertilizer 50% combination(Combination), horse manure compost with 50% of nitrogen (50%), 100% of nitrogen(100%), 150% of nitrogen(150%). The highest amount of dry matter yield of IRG was revealed in CF(11,965±564 kg/ha), and both 150% and Combination were second(p<0.05). Nitrate leaching tended to increase until the third analysis and then decreased. There were not significantly differences among mean nitrate concentrations. The findings of the study suggest that horse manure compost with 50% of nitrogen be applied for IRG as basal fertilization and then 50% of chemical fertilizer be applied as top fertilization.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.378-385
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• 2000

This study was conducted to investigate the sulfur effects on the yield of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) and the chemical properties of soil after sulfur treatment. Sulfur application was conducted with two chemical forms of sulfur powder and potassium sulfate. Sulfur powder was applied to the soil with levels of 0, 10, 20, 40 kg/10a and potassium sulfate was applied to the soil with levels of 10, 20 kg/10a as sulfur content. After sulfur application in soils, pH and available $P_2O_5$ content of soils tend to decrease after experiment, whereas the contents of $SO_4^{2-}$ and active Fe increased in soils. By the application of sulfur, the yields of safflower seed were increased by about $6{\sim}17$ percent compared to the control. It is apparent that seed yield and plant growth of safflower were increased by the sulfur application.