• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.16-28
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• 2009

Stage art basically builds upon the essence of "seeing," and at the same time, possesses relativity in showing and seeing. Stage lighting uses artificial light to solve the essence of "seeing", which is the foundation of stage art, and coming into the modern age, its role has been enhanced to an important medium for visual expression in stage art, due to the lighting tools that developed at a rapid pace along with the discovery of electricity, as well as the development of optics. Therefore, not only does lighting use a medium known as light in a field of stage art that gives mental and emotional inspiration to the audience, and aesthetically expresses time and space. In other words, stage lighting is a complex function of light engineering (technology and science) and aesthetic sense (feeling and art). This study aims to do research on methods for the visualization of stage space through lighting, mainly focused on dancing. I have studied the basics of stage lighting, its relations with other fields of stage art, and the functions and characteristics of lighting. Results show that lighting could be used to maximize the visualization of dancing and emphasizing the artistic growth of lighting and its ability to aesthetically express and I came to the following conclusions. First, lighting uses the forms and directions of light that various tools are able to produce in order to visualize the space on stage, and can maximally express the image that the work seeks. Second, it is possible to use lighting, through the movement of light, as a visual representation of the configuration of space in dancing works. Third, through the expression of visual and spatial aspects created by light, the work's dramatic catharsis can bring out mental and emotional feelings form the audience. Fourth, lighting can be seen not as a supporting role, but as an original visual design. To conclude, in order for lighting to be freed form the simple function of "lighting up the stage," which a majority of people think is common knowledge, and grow as one area in art, lighting designers must understand the intentions of the choreographer and the work with creativity and artistry they must consider light and color as an aesthetic language in order to heighten the effects of the work and allow it to partake as one element of work creation, so that lighting will be treated as a form of art.

• KOMUNHWA
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• no.68
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• pp.41-57
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to review educational value of cultural heritage sites first and then, to examine the importance of interpretation and interpretation methods and process briefly to utilize cultural heritage sites as important resources for public education and cultural tourism. The educational value of cultural heritage sites is not limited to provide visitors with various information on historical facts and events related to the cultural heritage site, but to provide the public with a new recognition of the importance of the preservation of cultural heritage sites by understanding the site well. In order to utilize the educational value of the cultural heritage site, interpretation must be emphasized as an important element of cultural heritage sites management and much attention should be given on the development and practice of interpretation programs in each cultural heritage site. In order to develop an interpretation program of the site, a specific target audience must be defined first to find most resonable scope and direction of an interpretation program and then, site specific interpretation themes (or a theme) should be developed from the interpretive topic. According to these defined elements, an interpretation program(s) is established by using various interpretation methods and techniques in order to provide visitors with useful information and knowledge on the site efficiently. Interpretation methods and techniques are various as defined by various ways and most effective methods or techniques are employed as a specific interpretation program is presented most effectively. The evaluation processes in planing stage, during developing stage, and after completion of interpretation program development are important processes to find out any problems of planed interpretation program and to revise or update the interpretation program. Conclusively, the direction of cultural heritage sites management in Korea has focused on the conservation and restoration of cultural heritage sites to preserve the original conditions of cultural heritage sites so far. This direction on current practice on cultural heritage sites management should he changed to more active utilization of the sites and interpretation of the sites is a way to accomplish the this goal.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.32 no.9
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• pp.790-798
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• 1999

Background: As the early outcome after coronary artery bypass grafting(CABG) has been stabilized, neurologic complication has now become one of the most important morbidity. The aim of this study was to find out the risk factors associated with the neurologic complications after CABG. Material and Method: In 351 patients who underwent CABG, the incidence and features of neurologic complications, with associated perioperative risk factors, were retrospectively reviewed. Neurologic complication was defined as a new cerebral infarction confirmed by postoperative neurologic examination and radiologic studies, or delayed recovery of consciousness and orientation for more than 24 hours after the operation. Result: Neurologic complications occurred in 18 patients(5.1%), of these nine(2.6%) were diagnosed as having new cerebral infarctions(stroke). Stroke was manifested as motor paralysis in four patients, mental retardation or orientation abnormality in four, and brain death in one. Statistical analysis revealed the following variables as significant risk factors for neurologic complications by both univariate and multivariate analyses: cardiopulmonary bypass longer than 180 minutes, atheroma of the ascending aorta, carotid artery stenosis detected by Duplex sonography, and past history of cerebrovascular accident or transient ischemic attack. Age over 65 years, aortic calcification detected by simple X-ray, and intraoperative myocardial infarction were significant risk factors by univariate analysis only. Neither the severity of carotid artery stenosis nor technical modifications such as cannulation of the aortic arch or single clamp technique, which were expected to affect the inciden e of neurologic complications, had significant relationship with the incidence. Conclusion: This study confirmed the strong association between neurologic complications after CABG and atherosclerosis of the arterial system. Therefore, to minimize the incidence of neurologic complications, systematic evaluation focused on atherosclerotic lesions of the arterial system followed by adequate alteration of operative strategy is needed.

• Journal of Popular Narrative
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.9-41
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• 2020

Park Jong-won's debut film "Guro Arirang," based on a short story of the same title by Lee Moon-yeol, is the first commercial film to deal with labor struggles from a worker's point of view in the wake of the 1987 democratic movement, and a pioneering work in terms of representing female workers the Korean cinema has traditionally turned away from. In this film Park Jong-won tried to win the sympathy of the middle class for labor movement in spite of the red scare which still stood firm in the Korean society at that time. To convey its progressive message in a form acceptable to the middle class public, the film portrays labor issues in the light of universal humanity and ethics, not in terms of class hostility or struggle. Park Jong-won calls this point of view "common sense of normal people" and emphasizes its universality and objectivity. This study critically examines the cinematic strategies to deal with labor issues in a form acceptable to the public in a conventional and commercial film and the ideological implications of the "common sense of normal people" reflected in such strategies. The first chapter of the study reveals that the film destroys the irony of the original story and reduces the complex constellation of the characters to the conflict between pure good and evil, creating a melodramatic composition in which the good falls victim to evil. The tragedies suffered by the workers in the film are of course intended to arouse the audience's strong sympathy and solidarity with them. The second chapter shows that the film's various scenes and episodes converge on the them of compassion and grief, and are mostly based on cultural and real experiences and events that caused great public sensations at that time. Especially in the last decisive scene of the movie, the memory of the June 1987 uprising is strongly recalled. So "Guro Arirang" can be seen as a patchwork of proven cases of compassion and grief. The third chapter examines the implications of the scene where the workers turn back demands for wages and put the issues of human treatment and trust to the forefront at the crucial moment of their struggle. It appeals to universal moral values and sentiments that everyone has to acknowledge and removes the political dimension from the workers' campaign. While the film tends to become a pure story of humanity marginalizing irreconcilable conflicts of class interest, the workers fall to the position of passive victims who can be deeply sympathetic on the one hand, and on the other, are idealized as leaders with noble attitude keeping themselves aloof from the hard reality. As a result, the movie loses its realistic ground and weakens its narrative probability. The scenes reminiscent of the 1987 uprising which evoke the solidarity between working and middle class fail to integrate harmoniously into the whole story of the film and remain only as fragmentary parts of the patchwork of compassion and grief.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.21-45
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to analyze the curriculum competencies of relationship-forming ability and practical problem-solving ability reflected in the activity tasks corresponding to the content elements of 'Love and marriage', 'Preparation for parenthood', 'Pregnancy and childbirth', 'Child care', and 'Family culture and intergenerational relationship' in the 2015 revised high school technology & home economics textbooks. The data are 330 activity tasks from 12 kinds of high school technology & home economics textbooks. The sub-factors of the relationship-forming ability were selected as Respect for Diversity, Consideration and Care, Family Relationship and Community Spirit, Empathy Ability, Conflict Management, and Communication, and the sub-factors of practical problem-solving ability were selected as Practical Reasoning, Decision Making, Value Judgment, Critical Thinking, and Executive Power. Based on the analysis criteria, the results of the two analyses and the expert review are as follows. First, regarding both the core concepts 'Development' and 'Relationship', the share of relationship-forming ability was relatively higher than practical problem-solving ability, and conflict management and executive power were the least reflected. For the core concept 'Development', Family Relationship and Community Spirit and Critical Thinking were the most reflected sub-factors, and for the core concept 'Relationship', Consideration and Care and critical thinking were the most reflected sub-factors. Second, in the case of the relationship-forming ability, the examples of activity tasks across sub-factors of each subject competency were devised to understand diverse opinions and sentiments and to develop competencies to care for each other and maintain healthy family relationships. In the case of practical problem-solving ability, the tasks allowed students to objectively analyze the socio-cultural background underlying the real-life problem, explore alternatives, and apply in their own lives.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.33
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• pp.383-402
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• 2013

In this study, we apply the facial Facial Action Coding System for coding the muscular system anatomical approach facial expressions to be displayed in response to a change in sensitivity. To verify by applying the virtual character the Duchenne smile to the original. I extracted the Duchenne smile by inducing experiment of emotion (man 2, woman 2) and the movie theater department students trained for the experiment. Based on the expression that has been extracted, I collect the data of the facial muscles. Calculates the frequency of expression of the face and other parts of the body muscles around the mouth and lips, to be applied to the virtual character of the data. Orbicularis muscle to contract end of lips due to shrinkage of the Zygomatic Major is a upward movement, cheek goes up, the movement of the muscles, facial expressions appear the outer eyelid under the eye goes up with a look of smile. Muscle movement of large muscle and surrounding Zygomatic Major is observed together (AU9) muscles around the nose and (AU25, AU26, AU27) muscles around the mouth associated with openness. Duchen smile occurred in the form of Orbicularis Oculi and Zygomatic Major moves at the same time. Based on this, by separating the orbicularis muscle that is displayed in the form of laughter and sympathy to emotional feelings and viable large muscle by the will of the person, by applying to the character of the virtual, and expression of human I try to examine expression of the virtual character's ability to distinguish.

• Archives of design research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.241-252
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to ascertain the material design element in traditional palaces among those in the neighboring three nations of East Asia, notably Korea, China and Japan. Undoubtedly the ultimate goal to be pursued has to be inquiry into the identical prototype of Korean material design element. The cultures of East Asia, finely balanced between survival and extinction, sought to tame the natural world. They transformed its raw materials so as to more convenient human life. In this study, the material of the traditional palace is characterized by the actual use. It is to be noticed that the mainly common characteristics of the material is naturalism'. That is, the kind of material is differed from the country - marble or granite, nanmu or cypress -, the East Asian countries have similarity and make use of their own native materials. The typical features of China are glassy surface by artificial process, the meandered curve. In Japan, made-up rough surface by artificial skill. While the major features of Korean material design element are rough surface by natural process.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.186-195
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• 2011

Historically, Korea has made and weaved beautiful jewelry based on delicate metal craft technique. Especially jewelries in Chosun dynasty among these jewelry shows practicality, fanciness and social symbolism at the same time, which is one of representative cultural origins to express characteristics of Korean culture. Since jewelry of imperial princess YEONG, an object of a study herein, was made for a court ceremony although it is an artifact of the end of Chosun dynasty after the time of enlightenment, it is expected be made based on traditional shape and standard in accordance with strictly respected court dress code in Chosun dynasty. It is also an important data of research for a court style and system as well as its artistry in its diversity of type, preservation condition similar to original form and its producers who are master craftsman parted in Sang-Uiwon (an institute in charge of dress and accessaries of court) at the end of dynasty. Thus, a study herein aims to research formatively valuable 11 selected jewelries among jewelries of imperial princess YEONG used at the end of Chosun dynasty, and search for industrial application method with digitalization of the shape and design and preservation of original form of traditional culture. Moreover, in accordance with proposing design data through review of traditional women jewelry, it aims to suggest possibility of application into modern jewelry design and cultural industry.

• Archives of design research
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.219-228
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• 1998

As automobile drivers' desires become ever diversified with the spreading phenomenon of 'characteristic automobile decorations', it is feared that the design quality may be deteriorated, while the safety be retarded in terms of performance and function. In Korea, the 'Dress-up tuning' becomes the source of the social criticism because of lack of relevant codes and professional tuning services, while automobile drivers are excessively having their automobiles overdressed ignoring the overall aesthetic aspect and functions. Under such a circumstance, this study was aimed at reviewing the practices and dress-up accessories by each automobile part of those foreign automobile makers and professional tuners who have introduced the concept of 'customizing' and developed dress-up accessories and various tuning parts only to satisfy their customers' tuning needs. It is anticipated that automobile styling would tend more to pursue a 'coordination' featuring ordinary consumers' individualistic senses, while customers' needs reflecting their life styles be more refined. Meanwhile, Korean automobile consumers have accommodated the product designs : presented within the producers' frameworks, but they are expected to pursue the design values varying according to changing structures of production, society and industry as well as the resultant design activities. In all, makers and designers are requested to be aware of such changing environment structures and thereby, explore other alternatives, or reflect seriously on the socio-cultural implications inherent in the products, namely on the production and consumption of people's favorites.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.56-65
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• 2020

The purpose of this research is to study the excellence and originality of the Joseon artillery(Jungwan-gu) through an effective restoration. Jungwan-gu that was used during the Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592 was able to maintain its maritime dominance based on cutting-edge technology of its time. Joeson artillery(Jungwan-gu) was used in major naval/land battles during the Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592 and is an important cultural heritage that provides a glimpse into Joeson people's will to defend the nation from foreign invasion. For further historical verification such as operational method of Jungwan-gu, extensive research in various fields including size, proportions, structure, materials, and casting method were required. Accordingly, for a more effective research on Jungwan-gu, cutting-edge technologies such as 3D scanning and 3D printing were utilized. Firstly, 3D scanning, modeling, and printing technology were applied to identify the morphological characteristics of Jungwan-gu. Through this, we were able to reach our research objective of identifying the size, internal structure, and proportionality of Jungwan-gu. In addition, by studying the form, operation, casting methods, and other characteristics, the restoration of Jungwan-gu provided us with an important opportunity to verify the dominance and originality of the Joeson era's science and technology during the Japanese Invasion of 1592. This reaserch subject participated in the "4th 3D printing BIZCON Contest" and won the Minister Prize of Science and Technology Information and Communication.