• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.676-684
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• 2000

In this study, behavior of $C_t$ which is a well-known fracture parameter characterizing creep crack growth rate, is investigated for weld interface cracks. Finite element analyses were per formed for a C(T) specimen under constant loading condition for elastic-plastic-creeping materials. In modeling C(T) geometry, an interface was employed along the crack plane which simulated the interface between weld and base metals. The $C_t$ versus time relations were obtained under various creep constant combinations and plastic constant combinations for weld and base metals, respectively. A unified $C_t$ versus time curve is obtained by normalizing $C_t$ with $C^*$ and t with $t_T$ for all the cases of material constant variations.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.145-150
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• 2000

망막의 광원에 대한 순응은 간상체-추상체에 의해 시간에 따라 명순응-암순응의 2개 곡선으로 이루어진다. 시간에 따른 순응도는 역치를 측정하여 얻어지며 분절점을 중심으로 2개의 감소 곡선이 된다. 암순응은 $T_{min}$, $a_r$, $a_c$, $T_{0(r)}$, $T_{0(c)}$, $t_b$, $t_c$의 파라미터로 이루어진 exponential decay 함수로 표현 할 수 있다. $t_b$ 이하의 곡선은 추상체의 순응 민감도 곡선이고 $t_b$ 이상 곡선은 간상체의 순응 민감도를 나타낸다. Exponential decay 함수는 망막 위치에 따른 순암순응 시표의 각도에 따른 암순응, 조명 크기에 따른 암순응, 나이에 따른 암순응 등의 암순응 함수에 잘 적용되었다. Decay parameter가 암순응 함수의 성질을 표현할 수 있어 지표로써 사용할 수 있다.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.13-18
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• 1991

The formation of high $T_c$ phase is very sluggish and c parameter of unit cell of high $T_c$ phase is about $37{\AA}$. High $T_c$ oxide superconductor with a $T_c$ above 100 K has been successfully prepared by solid state reaction method in BiSrCaCuO system by Pb adding. The microstructure related to the formation of the high $T_c$ phase has been investigated. As compared with YBCO compound, the formation reaction of the high $T_c$ requires long time heat treatment. It is due to the transformation from the low $T_c$ phase to high $T_c$ phase. The sintering just below the melting point of the calcined powder mixture is effective on the formation of the high $T_c$ phase in Pb-added BiSrCaCuO system. The growth of the high $T_c$ superconducting phase has a thin plate shape, which is characterized by the c parameter of $37{\AA}$. The formation of the high $T_c$ phases is delayed by the excessive addition of Pb. The lattice parameter(c) of the unit cell (both the low and high $T_c$ phases) is increased with increase of Pb.

• 폴리머
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.98-104
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• 2007

다양한 분자량의 폴리스티렌을 벤젠/n-헵탄, 1,4-다이옥산/이소프로판올, 1,4-다이옥산/n-헵탄과 같은 3종류의 혼합용매 계에 녹인 뒤 온도 상승에 따른 사슬의 팽창거동을 Flory $\Theta$온도 이상에서 점성도법으로 측정하였다. 온도 상승에 따라 두 종류의 영역, 즉 고분자 사슬이 팽창하는 영역과 수축하는 영역으로 구별되며, 분자량이 클수록 최대팽창온도가 높게 나타났다. 하나의 혼합용매 계 내에서는 $\tau/\tau_c$ 파라미터로 서로 다른 분자량의 사슬 팽창에 대하여 만능성이 나타나지만 서로 다른 혼합용매 계 사이에서는 각각의 기울기를 보임으로써 만능성이 관찰되지 않았다. 그러나 새로운 실험적 $b^{2/3}\tau/\tau_c$ 파라미터를 도입할 경우 모든 혼합용매 계의 사슬 팽창의 데이터들은 하나의 직선 위에 놓임으로써 만능성은 다시 회복되었다. 여기서 $\tau$는 $(T-\Theta)/\Theta$로 $\tau_c$는 $(\Theta-T_c)/T_c$로 각각 정의되며, $T_c$는 임계용액온도를 의미하며, b는 Schultz-Flory 식에서 $1/T_c$의 $1/M_w^{1/2}$에 대한 유효 기울기이다.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.169-174
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• 2002

Photochromic lens의 광감성 평가 방법을 만들고, 이를 적용시키기 위하여 Photochromic lens에 UV light source을 조사하였다. UV light 광원을 조사 전과 후의 darkening과 fading 상태의 transmittance(T%)의 파장 의존성을 spectrophotometer, light source, power meter, detecter로 구성된 광학적 장치로 측정한다. 조사 직전의 최대 $T%{\times}{\lambda}$ 면적과 saturated state면적의 상대적 비율을 이용한다. Photochromic lens에서 조사시간 의존성의 평가는 darkening 효율도 ($K_d$)값 ($(1-C_1/A_1)/t_{on}$과 fading 효율도($K_f$)값 ($(C_2/A_2)/t_{on}$을 도입하였다. Darkening과 fading 상태에서 transmittance(T%)의 파장의존성은 $T_m+T_1{\exp}[-(x_0-t)/a]$의 형태를 갖는다. Photochromic lens에서 광감성의 평가 parameter Z, $K_d$, $K_f$를 적용한 결과 각 평가 지수 값을 얻을 수 있다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.451-454
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• 2011

The traditional BCS superconductors $AOs_2O_6$ (A=K, Rb, and Cs) were investigated to find the relationship between their structures and superconducting transition temperatures. The $T_c$ decreases with increasing the unit cell parameter of $AOs_2O_6$. This is in contrast to the case of conventional BCS superconductivity in a single bond model, where $T_c$ may increase with increasing the the unit cell parameter since the DOS at Fermi level increases as the unit cell parameter increases. Instead, the $T_c$ of a $\beta$-pyrochlore oxide is proportional to the lattice softness of the compound.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.83-91
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• 1998

Cracking problems which high temperature plant components suffer during long-term service, occur very often at welded locations. The crack occurs due to accumulated creep damage near fusion line or at heat affected zone (HAZ). However, most of the studies on creep crack growth behavior have been performed with matrix metal not wit welded metal due to the difficulty of interpreting the test results. In this study, creep crack growth rates were measured with C(T) specimens whose cracks were formed along the fusion line or HAZ. The measured crack growth rates were characterized by {TEX}$C_{t}${/TEX}-parameter derived for elastic-primary-secondary creeping material. Since contribution of primary creep was significant for the tested 1Cr-0.5Mo steel, its effect was carefully studied. Effects of crack tip plasticity and material aging were also discussed.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제26권7호
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• pp.1453-1460
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• 2002

Creep-fatigue crack growth models have been proposed employing $(C_t)_{avg}$ as a crack tip parameter characterizing the time-dependent crack growth. The basic assumptions made in these previous models were ideal creep reversal conditions such as no creep reversal and complete creep reversal condition. Due to this assumption, the applicability of the models was limited since they did not consider partial creep reversal condition which is usually observed in many engineering metals at high temperature. In this paper the creep reversal parameter, Temperature;$C_R$, which was defined by Grover, is critically evaluated to quantity the extent of partial creep reversal at the crack tip. This approach does not rely on any simplifying assumptions regarding the extent of the amount of creep reversal during the unloading part of a trapezoidal fatigue cycles. It is shown that the $(C_t)_{avg}$ value calculated for 9Cr steel agrees well with the experimentally measured one. It is argued that the extent of improvement is not significant when the result is compared with that of the conventional model which has an assumption of full creep reversal behavior.

• 한국초전도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국초전도학회 1999년도 High Temperature Superconductivity Vol.IX
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• pp.206-209
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• 1999

Magnetic and superconducting properties in a series of intermetallic compounds Y$_{1-x}Tb_xNi_2B_2C$ were investigated by measuring the temperature dependent magnetization, M (T), and resitivity, ${\rho}$ (T). As Tb concentration, x, is increased, the superconducting transition temperature, T$_c$, decreases and eventually disappears in the vicinity of x = 0.5 while Neel temperature, T$_N$, appears abruptly near x = 0.4 and increases linearly. Of particular interest is the collision of superconductivity and antiferromagnetism around x = 0.4. The linear decrease of T$_c$ for dilute Tb concentration seems to follow the Abrikosov-Gor'kov behavior, while the decay of T$_c$ below T$_c$ is expected to originate from the effective magnetic field on the conduction electrons. The Ginzburg-Landau theory was phenomenologically constructed to explain this competition of superconducting order parameter and antiferromagnetic order parameter with the multi-band model.

• 폴리머
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.255-264
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• 2003

세팔 별모양 폴리스타이렌 (PS, $M_{w}$=2.80$\times$$10^{5}$ , 2.49$\times$$10^{6}$ g/mol)의 여러 종류의 사슬 크기를 t-decalin 용액의 온도 20~7$0^{\circ}C$ 사이에서 점성도법, 레이저 광산란법을 이용하여 측정하였다. 별모양 고분자들의 팽창이 만능성을 갖기 위하여서는 그들 자신의 교란되지 않은 회전 반경 $R_{G,Br,o}$이 포함된 (N/ $R_{G,Br,o}$$^{2}$)$^{3}$2/$ au$/$\tau$$_{C}$ 파라미터가 사용될 것으로 예측하였으나, 실험 결과는 오히려 선형 폴리스타이렌 고분자의 교란되지 않은 회전 반경이 사용된 (N/ $R_{G,Br,o}$$^{2}$)$^{3}$2/$\tau$/$\tau$$_{C}$ 파라미터가 보다 우수한 만능성을 보여 주었다. 이러한 이유는 가지 효과가 $\tau$/$\tau$$_{C}$(=[(Τ-Θ$_{Tc}$ )/Θ$_{Tc}$ ]/[(Θ$_{Tc}$ -Τ$_{c}$)/ $T_{c}$])부분에서 이미 반영되어 척도 상수 N/ $R_{G,O}$$^{2}$ 부분에서는 나타나지 않는 것으로 생각되어진다. 여기서 N은 고분자 사슬을 이루고 있는 단량체의 개수, Θ$_{Tc}$ 는 고분자의 분자량이 무한대일 때의 임계 용액 온도로써의 Θ 온도를 각각 의미한다.미한다.미한다.다.