• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.64-72
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• 2009

The method to generate a digital elevation model(DEM) from contour lines causes a problem in which the low relief landform cannot be clearly presented due to the fact that it is significantly influenced by the expression of micro landform elements according to the interval of contours. Thus, this study attempts to develop a landcover burning method that recovers the micro relief landform of the DEM, which applies buffering and map algebra methods by inputting the elevation information to the landcover. In the recovering process of the micro landform, the DEM was recovered using the buffering method and elevation information through the map algebra for the landcover element for the micro landform among the primary DEM generation, making landcover map, and landcover elements. The recovering of the micro landform was applied based on stream landforms. The recovering of landforms using the buffering method was performed for the bar, which is a polygonal element, and wetland according to the properties of concave/convex through generating contours with a uniform interval in which the elevation information applied to the recovered landform. In the case of the linear elements, such as bank, road, waterway, and tributary, the landform can be recovered by using the elevation information through applying a map algebra function. Because the polygonal elements, such as stream channel, river terrace, and artificial objects (farmlands) are determined as a flat property, these are recovered by inputting constant elevation values. The results of this study were compared and analyzed for the degree of landform expression between the original DEM and the recovered DEM. In the results of the analysis, the DEM produced by using the conventional method showed few expressions in micro landform elements. The method developed in this study well described wetland, bar, landform around rivers, farmland, bank, river terrace, and artificial objects. It can be expected that the results of this study contribute to the classification and analysis of micro landforms, plain and the ecology and environment study that requires the recovering of micro landforms around streams and rivers.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.800-808
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• 2019

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is a group of rare peripheral neuropathies characterized by progressive muscle weakness and atrophy and areflexia in the upper and lower extremities. The most common subtype of CMT is CMT1A, which is caused by a tandem duplication of the PMP22 gene in the 17p12 region. Patients with CMT1A show a loose genotype-phenotype correlation, which suggests the existence of secondary genetic or association factors. Recently, polymorphisms of rs71428439 (n.83A>G) and rs2292832 (n.86T>C) in the MIR149 have been reported to be associated with late onset and mild phenotypic CMT1A severity. The aim of this study was to examine the intrafamilial heterogeneities of clinical phenotypes according to the genotypes of these two SNPs in MIR149. For this study, we selected 6 large CMT1A families who showed a wide range of phenotypic variation. This study suggested that both SNPs were related to the onset age and severity in the dominant model. In particular, the AG+GG (n.83A>G) and TC+CC genotypes (n.86T>C) were associated to late onset and mild symptoms. Motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) was not related to the MIR149 genotypes. These results were consistent with the previous studies. Therefore, we suggest that the rs71428439 and rs2292832 variants in MIR149 may serve as genetic modifiers of CMT1A intrafamilial phenotypic heterogeneity, as they have a role in the unrelated patients. This is the first study to show an association using large families with variable clinical CMT1A phenotypes. The results will be helpful in the molecular diagnosis and treatment of patients with CMT1A.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.35
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• pp.471-498
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• 2009

The aim of this study is to see how bamboo paintings developed and what is the iconographical meaning of them through bamboo Ti-hua-shi(poems on paintings) found in Sheng-Hua-Ji, a leading compilation of Ti-hua-shi(poems on paintings) of Song Dynasty. Bamboo paintings give shapes in a simpler and more direct way in drawing, which means bamboo paintings reveal concretely more characteristics of Ti-hua-shi (poems on paintings). Bamboo paintings, which flourished during Northern Song Dynasty, often had the image of the dragon, specially a lying dragon or a winding dragon, which suggests a great man in obscurity. Snow-laden bamboos were also a symbol of a great man, very wise man in Confucian tradition. This shows Confucian ideal examples were embodied through bamboo paintings. Another aspect of bamboo paintings is that bamboo paintings were regarded as a means of self-expression, which identified Confucian sadaebu (scholar-officials) who advocated simplicity and austerity in their life. Contrary to professional painters, who added color and decoration to their paintings, Confucian scholars of Song Dynasty reduced color and embellishment in their bamboo paintings in black-and-white to reveal their own identity, focusing on spirituality rather than the image itself. Therefore, drawing and appreciating bamboo paintings were highly respectable pastime among the literati of Song Dynasty. In short, Bamboo paintings in Song Dynasty were not only a Confucian symbol of a wise and virtuous man but also reflected the taste of Song sadaebu class who thought of bamboo as a symbol for moral and cultural responsibility of Confucian society.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.683-688
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• 2007

Water flow into unsaturated soils is most often modeled by Richards equation consisting of the mass conservation law and Darcy's law. Three standard forms of Richards equation are presented as the head (${\Psi}$)-based form, the moisture content (${\theta}$) based form, and the mixed form. Numerical solutions of these partial differential equations with highly nonlinear terms can cause poor results along with significant mass balance errors. The numerical solution based on the mixed form of Richards equation is known that the mass is perfectly conserved without any additional computational efforts. The aim of this study is to develop fully implicit numerical scheme of Richards equation for one-dimensional vertical unsaturated flow in homogeneous soils using the finite difference approximation, and then to perform sensitivity analysis of infiltration to the variations in the unsaturated soil properties and to different soil types.

• Journal of KIISE:Databases
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.540-552
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• 2004

We propose XIR-Linear, a novel method for processing partial match queries on large-scale heterogeneous XML documents using information retrieval (IR) techniques. XPath queries are written in path expressions on a tree structure representing an XML document. An XPath query in its major form is a partial match query. The objective of XIR-Linear is to efficiently support this type of queries for large-scale documents of heterogeneous schemas. XIR-Linear has its basis on the schema-level methods using relational tables and drastically improves their efficiency and scalability using an inverted index technique. The method indexes the labels in label paths as key words in texts, and allows for finding the label paths that match the queries far more efficiently than string match used in conventional methods. We demonstrate the efficiency and scalability of XIR-Linear by comparing it with XRel and XParent using XML documents crawled from the Internet. The results show that XIR-Linear is more efficient than both XRel and XParent by several orders of magnitude for linear path expressions as the number of XML documents increases.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.63-70
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• 2015

Program source code is a set of complex syntactic information which are expressed in text forms, and contains complex logical structures. Structural and logical complexity inside source code become barriers in applying visualization techniques shown in traditional big-data approaches when the volume of source code become over ten-thousand lines of code. This paper suggests a procedure for making visualization of structural characteristics in source code. For this purpose, this paper defines internal data structures as well as inter-procedural relationships among functions. The paper also suggests a means of outlining the structural characteristics of source code by visualizing the source codes with network forms The result of the research work can be used as a means of controling and understanding the massive volume of source code.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.18 no.4 s.31
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• pp.27-43
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• 2005

통과대(通過對)${\ulcorner}$내경(內經)${\lrcorner}$ 중출현적조신적개념급용조신치병적방법적연구(中出現的調神的槪念及用調神治病的方法的硏究), 득출여하결론(得出如下結論): 조신이양생지의(調神以養生之意), 용우지금(用于至今). ${\ulcorner}$내경(內經)${\lrcorner}$중신지의(中神之意), 우기표현위여우주자연지신(尤其表現爲與宇宙自然之神)[천신(天神)]상응적인체지신(相應的人體之神)[인신(人神)]상(上), 즉천인상응적사상교위돌출(卽天人相應的思想較爲突出) 형신상호관계상(形神相互關係上), 재유지형신합일적사상적동시(在維持形神合一的思想的同時), 비기양형경가중시어조신(比起養形更加重視於調神). 재양생방면(在養生方面), 조신의조시간급공간(調神依照時間及空間), 분위사시조신화오장신조신(分爲四時調神和五臟神調神). ${\ulcorner}$소문(素問).사기조신대론(四氣調神大論)${\lrcorner}$적요지시이사시출현적자연계적변화규율(的要旨是以四時出現的自然界的變化規律), 응대청정적우주정신래수련신심(應對淸靜的宇宙精神來修練身心). ‘이념요법(移念療法)’시통과개변재인체오장내정기적운행위치(是通過改變在人體五臟內精氣的運行位置), 진행치료적방법(進行治療的方法). 기내용개괄료기타각종정신요법(其內容槪括了其他各種精神療法). 대지언고론요법적한의학해석(對至言高論療法的韓醫學解釋), 불시이이유오행혹음양이론작위의거(不是以已有五行或陰陽理論作爲依據), 이시가종사상의학중조도. 기원인시사상의학적출발점(其原因是四象醫學的出發點), 불시이단순적육체무병작위기목적(不是以單純的肉體無病作爲其目的). 저일점(這一點), 종명확지표현재수세보원적성명사단론중(從明確地表現在壽世保元的性命四端論中). 대생리병리독특적유심론관(對生理病理獨特的唯心論觀), 시이제마선생탁월관점(是李濟馬先生卓越觀点). 한방음악치료초월료이행동주의심리학위중심(韓方音樂治療超越了以行動主義心理學爲中心), 발전기래적기유적음악요법적국한성(發展起來的旣有的音樂療法的局限性), 약여약물(若與藥物), 침구치료병용(鍼灸治療倂用), 불근가이치료신경정신질환(不僅可以治療神經精神疾患), 환가이치료기타각종신체질환(還可以治療其他各種身體疾患). 기공시이응신(氣功是以凝神), 의수(意守), 의념등표현(意念等表現), 작위기주요조신방법적일종수신법(作爲其主要調神方法的一種修身法).

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.231-233
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• 2000

인터넷에 산재해 있는 분산 이질의 대규모 정보들을 통합, 관리하기 위한 기본 모델로서 최근 정보교환 표준으로 인정받고 있는 XML을 사용할 수 있다. HMS(Hallym Mediator System)는 XML을 기본 데이터 모델로 하는 미디에이터 시스템으로서 뷰(View) DTD의 정의, 추론 기능을 이용하여 웹 상의 분산, 이질 정보의 통합 기능을 제공한다. 뷰 DTD는 관리자에 의하여 정의되어, 추론 및 보완 과정을 거쳐 생성되며, 웹 상의 통합된 가상 정보 구조를 표현한다. 웹 상의 사용자는 이와 같이 생성된 뷰 DTD를 근거로 분산이질 정보에 대한 구조정보 및 내용정보에 대한 질의를 수행할 수 있다. HMS에서는 DTD 구동형 비주얼 사용자 인터페이스를 제공하여, 관리자와 일반 사용자에게 직관적이고 간편한 웹 정보 브라우징 및 질의검색 환경을 제공한다.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.557-566
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• 2018

Shopping malls have been developed to increase sales revenue and attract visitors. This study focused on the sense of the outdoor characteristics of these shopping malls by comparing open and enclosed types of shopping malls in common spaces in LA and Korea through case study analyses. This research through case studies will form the foundation of comfortable shopping mall space design. The results are the follows. 1. Enclosed shopping malls tend to provide large indoor space to create a sense of outdoors. 2. The common space of enclosed shopping malls is developed through space expansion with horizontal and vertical connections that appear in different combinations depending on the space constraints and contexts. 3. The architectural planning of enclosed shopping malls are largely dependent on the concept of everyday life portrayed in the identity of each space, which usually involve the inclusion of sizable atriums to host indoor sports or special performances.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.429-440
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• 2023

Wild Lentinula edodes (shiitake) strains are an important breeding material for developing new varieties suitable for various consumer preferences and environmental conditions. The morphological characteristics of 100 wild shiitake strains collected from 14 regions were investigated in a sawdust block cultivation. The characteristics of their fruiting bodies were diverse. Among them, 38% of the caps was convex, 33% was broadly umbonate, 27% was applanate, and 2% was shallowly depressed. In terms of their stipes, 55, 23, and 22% were the column, clavate, and funnel type, respectively. The shape of the cap was the most diverse on Mt. Hwaak, whereas the shape of the stipe showed various phenotypes from various regions. Even among strains collected from the same forest, different types of mushrooms were observed. In conclusion, wild shiitake strains that have adapted to various environmental stress can be used to develop new varieties. Thus, securing various genetic resources and studying their traits are important for researching breeding technology.