• Atmosphere
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.249-256
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• 2020

We investigate regional differences in the characteristics of cold surges that occurred over the South Korea during winter season (December-February, 1981/1982~2017/2018). A significant regional contrast of cold surge characteristics exists and we found that this is closely related to the spatially inhomogeneous distribution of winter-mean climatological surface temperature in association with the complex topography of the Korean peninsula. For the regions of the temperature below -1℃ (Region1; R1), the frequency of cold surges is inversely proportional to the surface temperature almost linearly. In case of the regions above -1℃ (Region2; R2), cold surge frequency does not exhibit any clear dependency on the surface temperature. Duration and number of occurrences of cold surge between the two regions showed clear difference. Dynamical evolution of cold surges before the onset showed a sharp contrast between R1 and R2. In R1, cold surface air temperature (SAT) was already predominant over East-Asia before the onset and the cold temperature was sustained after the occurrence. On the contrary, warm SAT was predominant over East-Asia before the onset in R2. The SAT suddenly drops just after the cold surge occurrence. We present different origin of wave activity and propagation characteristics between the two types: Wave-activity flux (WAF) was relatively weaker and wave disturbances moved eastward in R1 along with the WAF mainly directing eastward. In case of R2, WAF was stronger and directing southeastward in the upstream of South Korea movement erasing predominant warmer air eventually causing sudden temperature drops over southern provinces over South Korea.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.68-73
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• 2014

When a tooth shows discoloration and does not respond to the cold test or electric pulp test (EPT) after a traumatic injury, its diagnosis can be even more difficult due to the lack of proper diagnostic methods to evaluate its vitality. In these case reports, we hope to demonstrate that ultrasound Doppler might be successfully used to evaluate the vitality of the tooth after trauma, and help reduce unnecessary endodontic treatments. In all three of the present cases, the teeth were discolored after traumatic injuries and showed negative responses to the cold test and EPT. However, they showed distinctive vital reactions in the ultrasound Doppler test during the whole observation period. In the first case, the tooth color returned to normal, and the tooth showed a positive response to the cold test and EPT at 10 wk after the injury. In the second case, the tooth color had returned to its normal shade at 10 wk after the traumatic injury but remained insensitive to the cold test and EPT. In the third case, the discoloration was successfully treated with vital tooth bleaching.

• Journal of Oriental Medical Thermology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.22-29
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• 2009

Purpose: This study intends to report the effects of Koong Gui Tang on Cold Hypersensitivity caused by acute and chronic Blood Deficiency. Methods: The patients having Cold Hypersensitivity were treated with oriental medicine including herbal medication therapy. Thereafter their health status was analyzed with their own empirical assessments and VAS. Results: After the series of medical treatment, Cold Hypersensitivity caused by acute and chronic Blood Deficiency has shown considerable improvement. Conclusion: This case study shows that Koong Gui Tang therapies are medically effective on Cold Hypersensitivity caused by acute and chronic Blood Deficiency.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.216-222
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• 2009

1. Objectives: This case study described a process of the patient diagnosed as acute hepatitis A treated by medication based on the Sasang Constitutional Medicine and acupuctural theraphy and obtained improved effects about several symptoms. 2. Methods: We diagnosed the male patient with acute hepatitis A as Tae-Eumin Exterior-Cold-Disease by the Cold in the Esophagus, and administered Mahwangbalpyo-tang and Handayeolso-tang according to clinical progress. And we evaluated the results by liver function test(LFT; AST, ALT, $\gamma$-GTP ), total bilirubin level and the visual analog scale(VAS) of symptoms. 3. Results and Conclusion: Almost symptoms (except for jaundice) at the time of admission were disappeared, and also jaundice (estimated by color of scleras and color of urine) was alleviated. Also level of AST, ALT, $\gamma$-GTP and total bilirubin decreased in laboratory test. We obtained positive effects to the therapy but we considered necessities of further comparative studies with control group.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.222-230
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• 2009

Purpose: This study intends to report the effects of Koong Gui Tang on Cold Hypersensitivity caused by acute and chronic Blood Deficiency. Methods: The patients having Cold Hypersensitivity were treated with oriental medicine including herbal medication therapy. Thereafter their health status was analyzed with their own empirical assessments and VAS. Results: After the series of medical treatment, Cold Hypersensitivity caused by acute and chronic Blood Deficiency has shown considerable improvement. Conclusion: This case study shows that Koong Gui Tang therapies are medically effective on Cold Hypersensitivity caused by acute and chronic Blood Deficiency.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.1071-1082
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• 2023

Objective: The purpose of this study is to report the efficacy of using Korean medicine treatment with cold hypersensitivity of the hands and feet with lumbar spinal herniated intervertebral disc. Case presentation: We used Korean medicine treatment (Gyejigabuja-tang, acupuncture) to treat a hospitalized patient with cold hypersensitivity of the hands and feet with lumbar spinal herniated intervertebral disc. To evaluate the treatment, we used the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS). The degree of cold hypersensitivity of the hands and feet was also evaluated using evaluation paper. The generic health status was measured using the European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) scale. The 31-year-old female underwent 13 days of inpatient treatment. Her pattern identification was that both hands and feet are cold (BiYangHeo) types. The treatments were herbal medicine and acupuncture. She took Gyejigabuja-tang for 13 days. She also received acupuncture for 20 minutes twice a day at LI11 (曲池), L14 (合谷), TE5 (外關) on her hands, LR3 (太衝), SP6 (三陰交), SP9 (陰陵泉) ST36 (足三里), GB41 (足臨泣) on Feet, GV4 (命門), GV3 (腰陽關), BL23 (腎兪), BL24 (氣海兪), BL25 (大腸兪), and BL26 (關元兪) on the low back. After 2 weeks of treatment, the NRS scale of her cold hypersensitivity of hands and feet symptoms dropped from NRS 7 to NRS 3, and her low back pain dropped from NRS 6 to NRS 3. Her cold hypersensitivity of hands and feet evaluation paper score decreased from 64 to 32, and her EQ-5D increased from 0.487 to 0.681. After the end of treatment, continued symptom improvements and no significant side effects were confirmed. Results: These findings suggest that Korean medical treatment (Gyejigabuja-tang, acupuncture) may be effective for treating cold hypersensitivity of hands and feet with lumbar spinal herniated intervertebral disc. The NRS, evaluation paper, and EQ-5D scores improved after treatment, with no side effects.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 1988.05a
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• pp.46-48
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• 1988

The effect of cold reduction ratio on magnetic properties of 45% Ni-Fe permalloy was studied. To know the relationship between the crystal orientation and the magnetic properties, the pole figure was measured by X-ray diffraction method. In the case of single rolled reduction, the coercive force decreased with cold reduction ratio monotonically, but the maximum permeability, induction and squreness increased drastically. In the case of double rolled reduction (total reduction ratio is 90%), the saturation and residual induction increased slightly with secondary reduction ratio, but the maximum permeability and the coercive force had the maximum and the minimum value at the 50/50% reduction ratio respectively. And strong {100} <100> pole was developed by increasing the cold reduction ratio.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.187-191
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• 1984

Vital pulpotomies by conventional method were done in 120 male and female cases between the ages of 20 and 60 who visited to SNUDH. The pulpotomized surfaces were covered by FR paste and clinical symptoms were carefully examined 1 week and 4 weeks later. The results were as follows; 1. There was no distinct difference between male and female as a whole, and pain to cold and hot or percussion was increased by aging. 2. Incidence of pain to cold and hot or percussion in group examined 4 weeks later was slightly increased than in group examined 1 week later. 3. There was no case of pain to cold and hot or percussion over all ages after 1 week, but were 5 cases (male 2, female 3) in 40 age, and were 3 cases (male 1, female 2) in 50 age after 4 weeks. 4. In 20 and 30 age, there was no case of pain to cold and hot or percussion after 4 weeks, also.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.7-11
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• 2003

This study investigate the hydration heat history with variation of surface insulating material in cold weather concreting. According to the results, the temperature of concrete lowers below zero in 24hours, so early frost damage occurs in the case of exposure and 1 fold bubble sheet, but the lowest temperature keeps above zero, so a adiabatic effect is very favorable in the case of double bubble sheet and 부직포. Compressive strength of core specimen at 7 and 28 days is highest In the case of double bubble sheet and 부직포. But, considering convenience of construction and economical efficiency, it is thought that the most effective surface insulating material is 1 fold bubble sheet +blanket.

• 대한핵의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1975.06a
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• pp.79.1-79.1
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• 1975