• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.39-49
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• 1987

This study done to evaluate some surface treatment methods in metal coping which can increase the bond strength between porcelain and metal. Therefore this experiment was performed according to the Mc Lean's Theory of bond strength between porcelain and strength between porcelain and metal. In the experiment the author measured respective thermal expansion coefficents in three types of metal(Tallasium, Vera Bond and Rexillium) and Vita Porcelain to get the differences in the coefficents between porcelain and metals. And using insteron testing machine, the author also performed Planar interface shear bond tests on the 45 specimens(15 specimens in oxide surface, rough surface and fine surface treatment methods respectively) to measure bond strength between metal and porcelain. The results Were as follows, 1. The differences in thermal expansion coefficients between three types of metal and Vita procelain: Talladium - $1.2\;10^{-6/0}\;C$, Vera Bond - $1.6\;10^{-6/0}\;C$, Rexillium - $1.9\;10^{-6/0}\;C$. 2. The bond strength in oxide surface on the Shear bond test was the lowest among the treatment methods. 3. There was no significant differences in treatment methods of rough surface of fine surface. 4. In the oxide surface treatment method, there were significant differences(P<0.05)between Vera bond and Rexillium, and between Talladium and Rexillium. 5. In the fine surface treatment, there was a significant difference(P<0.05)between Talladium and Rexillium.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.11-27
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• 1987

This study examined job satisfaction levels between employed single women and employed married women. The specific objectives of this study were; (1) to investigate differences in the level of job satisfaction between employed single women and employed married women; (2)to investigate the factors which influence the level of job satisfaction; (3)to investigate the relationship between job satisfaction and life satisfaction. the data used in this study included 441 working women from 290 (65.8 %) single women and 151 (34.2%) married women. Statistical analyses were conducted using frequencies, percentiles, mean , t-test , ANOVA, pearson's correlation and a stepwise multiple regression. The major findings were ; (1) at the P<.005 level, there was a significant difference in the job Satisfaction Index (JSI) between employed single and married women by using the t-test ; (2) Occupation, type of organization , job experiences, travel time from home to work. unionization, age, and health status were significantly related to the JSI by using the one-way ANOVA; (3) Thee was an interaction effect between income and marital status on the JSI, and between education and marital status on the JSI; (4) Using a stepwise multiple regression method, the order of variables as they were entered in the model were different between employed single and married women; (5) There was a positive relationship between the JSI and Life Satisfaction Index(r=.41)

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2018

Purpose - This study examined the relationship between dyadic relationship between leaders and followers (DRLF), distributive justice (DISJ), job satisfaction (JSTC), and organizational commitment (OGCM). Research design, data, and methodology - 200 sets of survey questionnaires were distributed to the employees at a municipal office in East Malaysia using purposive sampling technique. Only 60 percent or 115 questionnaires were returned to the researchers. The survey data were analysed using the SmartPLS due to its ability to deliver latent construct scores, handle small sample size problems and estimate relationship between many constructs in the hypothesized model. Results - The findings indicated that there is a significant correlated direct relationship between DRLF and DISJ and mediating relationship between DRLF, DISJ and personal outcomes, which are JSTC and OGCM. Conclusions - This study confirms that DISJ does act as an important mediating variable in the relationship between DRLF with JSTC and DRLF with OGCM. Other dimensions of personal outcomes, such as extra-role behaviour, job motivation and service quality should be considered in future study because they are found to be the important outcomes of the relationship between DRLF and DISJ. The importance of these issues need to be further advanced in future research.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제29권9호
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• pp.1028-1034
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• 1996

This study examined within-and between-individual variation in nutrient intakes in order to estimate the degrees of precison in dietary assessment among 59 female volunteers aged 21-23 years. Self-recorded 7-day dietary recalls and records were collected by during a 3 month period. Between the recall and record methods, there were little difference of within-and between-individual variations. Within-to-between individual variation ratios were > 2.0 for most of the nutrients examined, and were higher for niacin, vitamin A and C (>2.5) in the recals and for calcium, iron, vitamin A and C(>3.0) in the records. With 7-day dietary data, observed nutrient intakes were estimated to within 26-107% of the subjects' true(usual) intakes, among those vitamin C and energy showed the highest and lowest values, respectively. Correlation coefficients between observed and true nutrient intakes were 0.73-0.81 for the recalls and 0.68-0.77 for the records. In order to estimate with 20% precision, 12-13 days of dietary study were required for energy, 46 for calcium, 71-72 for vitamin A, and 199-200 for vitamin C. Attenuation factor ranged 0.73-0.81 for the recalls and 0.68-0.77 for the records. This study implies that commonly used 1 or 3 day dietary studies may not be appropriate for assessing individuals' nutrient intakes. Further research focusing on the methodological issues in the assessment of Korean diet are needed for between understanding of the relationship between diet and health in Koreans.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.159-164
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• 2002

The distance between teats of each head on twenty heads of holstein was measured in Nation Livestock Research Institute of Rural Development Administration to find design variables on the teat-cup attachment system of the auto-milking system before milking. The distance between teats was tested by the steps for milk producing in the morning and evening. The results from this study is summarized as follow. 1 The maximum and minimum length between front teats were 297mm and 112mm respectively, the maximum and minimum length between rear teats were 231mm and 36mm and the maximum and minimum length between left front and left rear were 220 and 84mm. And the maximum length of right front and right rear were 205mm and 90mm. A relative position of the each teats was asymmetric. 2. The size of teats, the length between front teats, and the length between rear teats by lactating period were very much changed for its milking. 3. The design variables on the teat-cup attachment system was found by the length between each teats tested. Since the position of teat-cup is changed by milking environment for a cow to milk, the design variables should be considered to be asymmetric area between four teat of COW.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.361-370
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• 2009

Purpose: This study attempted to identify family functioning recognized by caregiver who support the elderly. Methods: Data was collected from 264 caregivers who live with elderly using questionnaires. The performance, satisfaction and importance of family functioning was assessed using the modified FFFS by Kang (1987) consisted of three dimension-'Relationship between Individual Family Members', 'Relationship between family and subsystem' and 'Relationship between family and broader social units'. The data was analyzed using SPSS/WIN by descriptive statistics, ANOVA and pearson's correlation. Results: The subjected Families showed a median level of performance (mean $4.06{\pm}0.65$) and a high level of satisfaction (mean $1.04{\pm}0.71$) in family functioning. Families recognized importance of family functioning above median level (mean $4.65{\pm}0.99$). There was statistically significant difference in family functioning according to and duration of illness, illness and ADL of the elderly. In dimension of the relationship between individual family members and relationship between family and subsystem, there are significantly positive correlation among all aspect of family functioning. In relationship between family and social units, there are negative correlations between performance and importance (r=-.215) and between satisfaction and importance (r=-.194) while there are positive relationship between performance and satisfaction. Conclusion: Considering the results of this study, family-focused nursing interventions for families with the elderly need to be developed.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.99-106
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• 1987

It is the purpose to investigate the physiological toxity and mutagenicity by heavy metal compounds such as potasium dichromate, sodium arsenite and selenium dioxide on the development of Drosophila melanogaster. These chemical compounds were highly toxic at every developmental stage of Drosophila. The relative values of fecundity, viability and developmental time obtained on food media containing 5 different levels of potasium dichromate (500, 600, 700, 800, and 900 ppm), also 5 different levels of sodium arsenite and selenium dioxide (10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 ppm). Resulting in the relative values of fecundity and viability generally decreased, on the contrary developmental time generally reduced as the concentration of chemicals in the food increased. A significant reduction in the fecundity was observed between 800 and 900 ppm (p<0. 01) on the potasium dichromate media, between 15 and 20 ppm (p<0. 05) on the sodium arsenite media, between 20 and 25 ppm (p<0. 02) on the selenium dioxide media. A significant reduction in the viability was observed between 700 and 800 ppm (p<0. 01) on the potasium dioxide media, between 25 and 30 ppm (p<0. 01) on the sodium arsenite media, between 20 and 25 ppm (p<0. 01) on the selenium dioxide media. The developmental time was significantly reduced between 800 and 900 ppm (p<0. 001) on the potasium dioxide media, between 15 and 20 ppm (p<0. 001) on the sodium arsenite media, and between 25 and 30 ppm (p<0. 01) on the selenium dioxide media.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.107-116
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• 1987

It is the purpose to investigate the physiological toxity and mutagenicity by heavy metal compounds such as potasium dichromate, sodium arsenite and selenium dioxide on the development of Drosophila melanogaster. These chemical compounds were highly toxic at every developmental stage of Drosophila. The relative values of fecundity, viability and developmental time obtained on food media containing 5 different levels of potasium dichromate (500, 600, 700, 800, and 900 ppm), also 5 different levels of sodium arsenite and selenium dioxide (10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 ppm). Resulting in the relative values of fecundity and viability generally decreased, on the contrary developmental time generally reduced as the concentration of chemicals in the food increased. A significant reduction in the fecundity was observed between 800 and 900 ppm (p<0. 01) on the potasium dichromate media, between 15 and 20 ppm (p<0. 05) on the sodium arsenite media, between 20 and 25 ppm (p<0. 02) on the selenium dioxide media. A significant reduction in the viability was observed between 700 and 800 ppm (p<0. 01) on the potasium dioxide media, between 25 and 30 ppm (p<0. 01) on the sodium arsenite media, between 20 and 25 ppm (p<0. 01) on the selenium dioxide media. The developmental time was significantly reduced between 800 and 900 ppm (p<0. 001) on the potasium dioxide media, between 15 and 20 ppm (p<0. 001) on the sodium arsenite media, and between 25 and 30 ppm (p<0. 01) on the selenium dioxide media.

• 국제물리치료학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.2244-2252
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• 2020

Background: Thera-Band, Narrow squats, Kinesiology taping helps in the reduction of loading on the knee joints. Despite the fact that the varus knee negatively affects the alignment of the lower extremities, most of the studies have analyzed each independently. Objectives: To investigate the effects of a complex exercise program consisting of elastic band exercises and squat exercises on the distance between the inner knees and balance in young adults with genu varum. Design: A cluster randomized controlled trial. Methods: The complex exercise group performed resistance exercises using an elastic band. The taping group used kinesiology tape on the vastus lateralis and biceps femoris. To select those to be included in the study, we measured the distance between the knees using digital Vernier calipers and to measure the balance ability, we used a balance training system. The data were analyzed with the independent t-test and paired t-test. Results: The study indicated a significant difference in the distance between the knees between the two groups, but no significant differences in the dynamic balance between the groups. Also, the static balance comparison between the groups according to the intervention method included the trace length, C90 area, C90 angle and velocity. There were no significant differences in the static balance between the groups. In addition, the complex exercise program was more effective than taping. Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrate that the complex exercise program and taping decrease the between both the knee and increase the balance.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.26-31
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to find a correlation between the occlusal plane and two reference planes that are frequently used in semi-adjustable articulators. Materials and Methods: Sixty-two males and fifty females with normal articulation were recruited and the lateral cephalograms of these patients were taken. The angles between the Frankfort horizontal (FH) and the occlusal planes, the angles between the gnathologic and the occlusal planes, and the angles between the FH and gnathologic planes were measured on the lateral cephalograms. Result: The mean angles between the FH and the occlusal planes was 8.29°±3.62°, with 8.88°±3.09° and 7.63°±4.10° for male and female patients, respectively. The mean angles between the gnathologic and the occlusal planes was 2.77°±3.62°, and the angle between the FH and the gnathologic planes was 5.52°±3.62°. No significant differences were found in the measured angles between the male and female patients (P>0.05). Conclusion: Different guidance angles may be applied to articulators for prosthodontic restoration, depending on the reference planes that the articulators use.