• World Technopolis Review
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.8-20
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• 2019

The intent of this paper is to identify key actors of a sustainable Smart City and define metrics that will allow assessment and better management of Sustainable Smart Cities. The paper is organized in two major segments. The first segment reviews the definition, six components, six action items of Smart Cities. It describes briefly a sample Smart City project and presents a selection of different dimensions along which Smart Cities are ranked and the rankings. The segment also discusses the technology architecture of a Smart City and then examines the definition and components of an innovation platform. The second presents the original contributions of the paper. It first introduces the dynamics created seven key actors of a Smart City ecosystem and describes their existing and potential contributions. It then defines Innopreneurship platform and presents a triple bottom line based quality metric to evaluate such a platform. This segment also discusses reengineering an economy and suggests a Smart City's Innovation Platform Score. The actions to be taken by the key actors of a Smart City in order to make it a Sustainable Smart City are described in several subsections. We hope these concepts and metrics will be a good starting point and will be refined over time by others.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.526-535
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• 2024

This paper proposes a safety-critical standby component unavailability model that contains aging effects caused by the elapsed time from installation, component degradation due to surveillance tests, and imperfect maintenance actions. An application of the model to a Motor-Operated Valve and a Motor-Driven Pump involved in the HPIS of a VVER/1000-V446 nuclear power plant is demonstrated and compared with other existing models at component and system levels. In addition, the effects of different unavailability models are reflected in the NPP's risk criterion, i.e., core damage frequency, over five maintenance periods. The results show that, compared with other models that do not simultaneously consider the full effects of degradation and maintenance impacts, the proposed model realistically evaluates the unavailabilities of the safety-related components and the involved systems as a plant age function. Therefore, it can effectively reflect the age-dependent CDF impact of a given testing and maintenance policy in a specified time horizon.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.29 no.spc1
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• pp.151-154
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• 1996

We examine the observations of large-scale magnetic fields in the Universe. We begin at the largest scale with clusters of galaxies and work our way down through galaxies and finally to the Milky Way. on which we concentrate in detail. We examine the observations of the Galactic magnetic field, and their interpretation, under the philosophy that the Galactic magnetic field is like that in other spiral galaxies. We use pulsar data. diffuse Galactic synchrotron emission, and starlight polarization data to discuss the Galaxy's global magnetic configuration and the uniform ($B_u$), random ($B_r$), and total ($B_t$) components of the field strength. We find disagreement among conclusions derived from the various data sets and argue that the pulsar data are not the best indicator for large-scale Galactic field. Near the Solar circle, we find that the azimuthal average of $B_t$ is 4.2$\mu$G and we adopt $B_u\~$2.2 and $B_r\~3.6{\mu}G$. $B_t$ is higher in spiral arms, reaching $\~5.9{\mu}G$. $B_t$ is higher for smaller $R_{Gal}$, reaching $\~8.0{\mu}G$ for $R_{Gal}$ = 4.0 kpc. The pattern of field lines is not concentric circles but spirals. The inclination of the magnetic spiral may be smaller than that of the Galaxy's spiral arms if our sample, which refers primarily to the interarm region near the Sun, is representative. However, it is not inconceivable that the local field lines follow the Galaxy's spiral pattern, as is observed in external galaxies.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.54-63
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• 2019

Rubus coreanus Miquel (RCM), also known as Korean blackberry or bokbunja, is used as a South Korean traditional medicine to treat acne and inflammatory skin conditions. The antimicrobial activity of RCM root and its active compounds remain unclear. In this study, we prepared a 50% ethanol fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, and acid-treated ethyl acetate fraction (aglycone fraction) of RCM root, and evaluated antibacterial activities against the skin pathogens Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas acnes, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In a paper disc assay, all fractions of RCM root showed antimicrobial activities against the five skin pathogens. The ethyl acetate fraction displayed 6-, 12-, and 2-fold higher minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) than the 50% ethanol fraction against S. aureus, E. coli, and P. acnes, respectively. The aglycone fraction displayed 2-fold higher MIC than methyl paraben against P. acnes, S. aureus, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa. The ethyl acetate fraction displayed a minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) similar to that of methyl paraben, and the aglycone fraction showed 2- to 4-fold higher MBCs than those of methyl paraben. In particular, the ethyl acetate fraction was not cytotoxic and showed thermal stability after incubation at high temperatures ($60-121^{\circ}C$). Finally, the ethyl acetate fraction was separated and four components were identified: procyanidin C, propelagonidin dimer, ellagic acid, and methyl ellagic acid acetyl pentose. The compounds showed high antibacterial activities. These results suggest that RCM root is potentially applicable as a natural preservative in cosmetics.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.381-386
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• 2012

Obesity increases the risk of many adult diseases, such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, hypertension, ischemic heart disease and breast cancer. Inhibition of adipogenesis is an effective way in the anti-obesity management. Because of main components of Saururus chinensis is flavonoid, it has been showed some improvement by its antioxidant effects on the atherosclerosis, heart disease and diabetic hyperlipidemia. But mechanism of anti-obesity effect of S. chinensis is not clear. We investigated the effects of ethanol extracts of S. chinensis on adipogenesis in the 3T3-L1 pre-adipocyte. The 3T3-L1 cell line is commonly used to study adipogenesis in vitro. In this study, ethanol extracts of S. chinensis significantly decrease the lipid accumulation in the 3T3-L1 cells proved by measuring triglyceride contents and Oil red O staining. The proposed mechanism of inhibition of adipogenesis in the 3T3-L1 cells with ethanol extracts of S. chinensis is down-regulation of transcriptional factors and adipocyte-specific genes such CCAAT/enhancer binding protein ${\alpha}$ ($C/EBP{\alpha}$) and Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor ${\gamma}$ ($PPAR{\gamma}$) in concentration dependent pattern. These results suggest that ethanol extracts of S. chinensis inhibits adipognesis in the 3T3-L1 cells and can be used as a safe and efficient natural substance to manage anti-obesity.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.1748-1759
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• 2010

We extend the octree subdivision process from Cartesian coordinates to spherical coordinates to develop more efficient space-partitioning structure for surface models. As an application of the proposed structure, we apply the octree subdivision in spherical coordinates ("S-Octree") to geometry compression in progressive mesh coding. Most previous researches on geometry-driven progressive mesh compression are devoted to improve predictability of geometry information. Unlike this, we focus on the efficient information storage for the space-partitioning structure. By eliminating void space at initial stage and aligning the R axis for the important components in geometry information, the S-Octree improves the efficiency in geometry information coding. Several meshes are tested in the progressive mesh coding based on the S-Octree and the results for performance parameters are presented.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.61 no.3
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• pp.257-265
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• 2018

The Panax ginseng Mayer is used in conventional medicine in Asia owing to its preventing effects on thrombosis, hypertension, atherosclerosis, vasorelaxation and myocardial infarction. Because platelets are crucial mediators of cardiovascular diseases, many studies have investigated its functions. The previous study showed the antiplatelet effects of crude ginseng fraction and two of its components, ginsenoside Rg3 (20S and 20R). In addition, ginsenoside Rg3-enriched fraction shows an inhibitory effect on collagen-activated rat platelets. However, the mechanism underlying this effect remains unclear. Thus, I investigated the inhibitory action of ginsenoside Rg3 (20S, G-Rg3) on the regulation of signaling molecules involved in ${\alpha}IIb/{\beta}_3$ activation. I found that G-Rg3, in a cyclic AMP dependent manner, inhibited thrombin-induced activation of human platelets and affinity of fibrinogen and fibronectin with ${\alpha}IIb/{\beta}_3$. Thus, in the present study, G-Rg3 showed an inhibitory effect on glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (${\alpha}IIb/{\beta}_3$) activation, suggesting its potential use for preventing platelet-mediated thrombotic disease.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.316-322
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• 2020

The flow stress curve is usually determined via uniaxial tensile or simple compression test. However, the flow stress curve up to high strain cannot be obtained using these two tests. This study presents a simple method for obtaining the flow stress curve up to high strain via FE analysis, a simple compression test, and an indentation test. In order to draw the flow stress curve up to high strain, the indentation test was carried out with the pre-stained specimen using the simple compression test. The flow stress curve of Al6110 was evaluated up to high strain using the proposed method, and the result was compared with the flow stress curve of the uniaxial tensile test of the initial material.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.220-221
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• 2001

Phytic acid (myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisdihydrogen phosphate) is one of the major storage form of phosphorous in the seeds of plants, which are the principal components of feed stuffs. Monogastric animals like Pigs and poultry as well as fish lack phytase activities in their digestive system and most undigested phytic acid was excreted in their manure. (omitted)

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.336-345
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to analysis ERF components patterns of causal questions generated during the observation of biological phenomenon. First, the system that shows pictures causing causal questions based on biological phenomenon (evoked picture system) was developed in a way of cognitive psychology. The ERF patterns of causal questions based on time-series brain processing was observed using MEG. The evoked picture system was developed by R&D method consisting of scientific education experts and researchers. Tasks were classified into animal (A), microbe (M), and plant (P) tasks according to biological species and into interaction (I), all (A), and part (P) based on the interaction between different species. According to the collaboration with MEG team in the hospital of Seoul National University, the paradigm of MEG task was developed. MEG data about the generation of scientific questions in 5 female graduate student were collected. For examining the unique characteristic of causal question, MEG ERF components were analyzed. As a result, total 100 pictures were produced by evoked picture and 4 ERF components, M1(100~130ms), M2(220~280ms), M3(320~390ms), M4(460~520ms). The present study could guide personalized teaching-learning method through the application and development of scientific question learning program.