• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.32 no.7A
• /
• pp.738-745
• /
• 2007

The non-linearity of HPA(high power amplifier) which is an important component in modern communications systems introduces AM/AM and AM/PM distortion so that the transmitted signal is deteriorated. And, the I/Q unbalances and phase error which are generated by non-ideal components are inevitable physical phenomena and lead to performance degradation when we implement a practical two-dimensional (2-D) modulation system. In this paper, we provide an exact and general expression involving the 2-D Gaussian Q-function for the error probabilities of arbitrary 2-D signaling with I/Q amplitude and phase unbalances in nonlinear additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channels by using the coordinate rotation and shifting technique.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.32 no.6
• /
• pp.955-963
• /
• 2008

In this paper, we propose an improved practical encryption and fault-tolerance decryption method using a non-negative value key and random function obtained with a white noise by using iterative phase wrapping method. A phase wrapping operating key, which is generated by the product of arbitrary random phase images and an original phase image. is zero-padded and Fourier transformed. Fourier operating key is then obtained by taking the real-valued data from this Fourier transformed image. Also the random phase wrapping operating key is made from these arbitrary random phase images and the same iterative phase wrapping method. We obtain a Fourier random operating key through the same method in the encryption process. For practical transmission of encryption and decryption keys via Internet, these keys should be intensity maps with non-negative values. The encryption key and the decryption key to meet this requirement are generated by the addition of the absolute of its minimum value to each of Fourier keys, respectively. The decryption based on 2-f setup with spatial filter is simply performed by the inverse Fourier transform of the multiplication between the encryption key and the decryption key and also can be used as a current spatial light modulator technology by phase encoding of the non-negative values. Computer simulations show the validity of the encryption method and the robust decryption system in the proposed technique.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
• /
• v.10 no.6
• /
• pp.432-443
• /
• 2005

Recent three-dimensional feature-based CAD systems based on solid or non-manifold modelling functionality have been widely used for product design in manufacturing companies. When product models associated with features are used in various downstream applications such as analysis, however, simplified and abstracted models at various levels of detail (LODs) are frequently more desirable and useful than the full detailed model. To provide multi-resolution models, the features need to be rearranged according to a criterion that measures the significance of the feature. However, if the features are rearranged, the resulting shape is possibly different from the original because union and subtraction Boolean operations are not commutative. To solve this problem, in this paper, the new concept of the effective zone of a feature is defined and identified using Boolean algebra. By introducing the effective zone, an arbitrary rearrangement of features becomes possible and arbitrary LOD criteria may be selected to suit various applications. Besides, because the effective zone of a feature is independent of the data structure of the model, the multi-resolution modelling algorithm based on the effective zone can be implemented on any 3D CAD system based on conventional solid representations as well as non-manifold topological (NMT) representations.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• v.18 no.5
• /
• pp.565-589
• /
• 2004

The present paper concerns the macroscopic overall description of rheologic properties for steel wire and synthetic fibre cables under variable loading actions according to non-linear creep and/or relaxation theory. The general constitutive equations of non-linear creep and/or relaxation of tension elements - cables under one-step and the variable stress or strain inputs using the product and two types of additive approximations of the kernel functions are presented in the paper. The derived non-linear constitutive equations describe a non-linear rheologic behaviour of the cables for a variable stress or strain history using the kernel functions determined only by one-step - constant creep or relaxation tests. The developed constitutive equations enable to simulate and to predict in a general way non-linear rheologic behaviour of the cables under an arbitrary loading or straining history. The derived constitutive equations can be used for the various tension structural elements with the non-linear rheologic properties under uniaxial variable stressing or straining.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.263-271
• /
• 2017

A theoretical study was carried-out of mode II delamination fracture behavior of the End Loaded Split (ELS) functionally graded beam configuration with considering the material non-linearity. The mechanical response of ELS was modeled analytically by using a power-law stress-strain relation. It was assumed that the material is functionally graded transversally to the beam. The non-linear fracture was investigated by using the J-integral approach. Equations were derived for the crack arm curvature and zero axes coordinate that are needed for the J-integral solution. The analysis developed is valid for a delamination crack located arbitrary along the beam height. The J-integral solution was verified by analyzing the strain energy release rate with considering material non-linearity. The effects of material gradient, non-linear material behavior and crack location on the fracture were evaluated. The solution derived is suitable for parametric analyses of non-linear fracture. The results obtained can be used for optimization of functionally graded beams with respect to their mode II fracture performance. Also, such simplified analytical models contribute for the understanding of delamination fracture in functionally graded beams exhibiting material non-linearity.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
• /
• v.43 no.1
• /
• pp.133-145
• /
• 2006

We study Riemannian or pseudo-Riemannian manifolds which admit a closed conformal vector field. Subject to the condition that at each point $p{\in}M^n$ the set of conformal gradient vector fields spans a non-degenerate subspace of TpM, using a warped product structure theorem we give a complete description of the space of conformal vector fields on arbitrary non-Ricci flat Einstein spaces.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
• /
• v.14
• /
• pp.39-48
• /
• 1994

Up to the present the study on the performance prediction of HAWT was perfomed mainly by assuming the axial flow. So in this paper we aimed at the fully non-axial flow of HAWT. For this purpose, we defined the wind turbine pitch angle in addition to the yaw angle to specify the arbitrary wind direction. And we adopted the Glauert method as the basic analysis method then modified this method suitably for our goal. By comparing the computational results obtained by this modified new Glaurert method with the experimental results, it was proved that our method was a very efficient method.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
• /
• v.1
• /
• pp.181-186
• /
• 2006

In this paper, generation mechanisms of ocean freak waves are briefly introduced in the context of wave-current interaction phenomena. The present model of the fluid motion is based on the Navier-Stokes equations incorporating velocity-pressure formulation because of need to model the nonlinear wave interaction with spatially non-uniform current field. In order to deal with the free surface motion, an Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) description is adopted. As an accurate and efficient numerical tool, the spectral element method is presented with general features and specific treatment for the wave-current interaction problem. As an intermediate stage of development, solution procedure and characteristics aspects of the present modeling and numerical method are addressed in detail, and preliminary numerical results prove its accuracy and convergence.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
• /
• 1999.05a
• /
• pp.385-388
• /
• 1999

A new local model for impact ionization coefficients is proposed to account for a non-local effect. New model uses an effective electric field which comes from the path integral of a tangent electric field at an arbitrary point. The model consists of local variables, such as doping concentration, carrier concentration and gradient of the field, and can be easily applied to a conventional drift-diffusion device simulator. By comparing the results with Monte Carlo simulation, it is confirmed that new model explains the non-local effect fairly well.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
• /
• v.47 no.5
• /
• pp.69-74
• /
• 2010

In this paper, we proposed a compact arbitrary dual-band band-stop filter using CRLH transmission line. The proposed filter used CRLH transmission line as stub and it developed dual-band band-stop characteristics using non-linear phase response of CRLH transmission line. The size of proposed filter is compact. And it can control arbitrary dual stop band. In this paper, designed band-stop filter at GPS band and ISM band As result, the S(2,1) is about -30dB at GPS band and about -29dB at ISM band. The fabricated filter is very compact. Its dimension is 10mm*15mm.