• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.377-381
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• 2015

The content analysis of 6-gingerol, which is an active compound, in Zingiber spp. (Z. officinale and Z. mioga) and their commercial foods (ginger teas and powders) was conducted using high-performance liquid chromatography. A reverse phase system was used, with a gradient solvent system of water and acetonitrile. The 6-gingerol content was highest in the methanol extract of Z. officinale root (17.09 mg/g extract) and ginger powder B (15.92 mg/g extract). The results demonstrated that this method was simple and reliable for the quality control of Zingiber commercial foods.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.370.3-370.3
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• 2002

On the quality control of commercial Zingiberis Rhizoma and its processed product. quantitative determination of 6-gingerol using HPLC method has been conducted. Quantitative analysis of 6-gingerol in Zingiberis Rhizoma showed average 0.359% in 14 samples collected throughout the regions of Korea. The contents of 6-gingerol in Zingiberis Rhizoma were decreased during the processing procedure(0.306%). (omitted)

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.1140-1146
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• 1997

Storage stability of ginger paste product was investigated from the standpoint of the inhibition of nonenzymatic browning and loss of gingerol contents. For the experimentations, control, 0.04% of N-acetyl-L-cysteine in ginger paste(NAcCys), and combination treatment of NAcCys, 0.92 of water activity and 6.30 of pH in ginger paste (mixed treatment) were stored at 3$0^{\circ}C$ for 40 days and analyzed for browning and gingerol contents. In addition the changes in sugars, organic acids, ascorbic acids, amino acids, and sensory quality were determined. The results revealed that the mixed treatment agent was effective in preventing both nonenzymatic browning and loss of gingerol contents. The inhibition by combination treatment might be resulted from the control of radical formations by sulfhydryl groups of NAcCys and the increase of diffusion resistance in lower water activity. Browning development and total gingerol contents were found to be correlated to some physicochemical characteristics of ginger paste; that is, browning development to amino acid and color value in sensory evaluation, and total gingerol contents to flavor in sensory evaluation.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.588-592
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• 2014

Under optimized condition mild pressure in combination with specific temperature for heat treatment transform the 6-gingerol into 6-shogaol. The purpose of this study was to optimize the conditions used for heat treatment under pressure for increasing 6-shogaol content in ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe). A central composite experimental design was used to evaluate the effects of application temperature ($70-130^{\circ}C$) and temperature-holding time (95-265 min) on the transformation of 6-shogaol. The experimental values were shown to be in significantly good agreement with the predicted values (adjusted determination coefficient, $R^2{_{Adj}}=0.9857$). 6-Shogaol content increased as the application temperature and temperature-holding time increased. By analyzing the response surface plots, the optimum conditions of heat treatment (temperature and time) for increasing 6-shogaol content were found to be $127^{\circ}C$ and 109 min, respectively. Under these optimal conditions, the predicted 6-shogaol content was 3.98 mg/g dried ginger. The adequacy of the model equation for predicting the optimum response values was effectively verified by the validation data.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.298-302
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• 1993

The Crude ginerol from ginger was collected to investigate the possibility of application to food products as a natural antioxidant. The antioxidant activity of gingerols according to fatty acid composi-tion of several oils, were examined by measuring peroxide value(POV). The induction period(If) of fish oil, sdybean oil, lard and palm oil was 5.0, 17.0, 38.4 and 57.6 hours respectively by measuring POV during storge at $85^{\circ}C$. The relative antioxidant effectiveness(RAE) of gingerol group was lard ; 219, soybean oil; 176, fish oil; 160 and palm oil; 146%, while the RAE of'BHT group was lard; 238, palm oil; 158, soybfan oil; 132 and fish oil; 122%.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.323-330
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• 2016

Pinellia ternata Breitenbach, the natural medicinal plant of the Araceae family, is a perennial plant originated from the East Asia, but also widely distributed in Europe and North America. Its tuber is used as traditional medicine for treatment of various diseases such as vomiting, inflammation, and traumatic injury. Pharmacological studies revealed that P. ternata possesses anticonvulsant, anti-tumor, insecticidal, and cytotoxic activities. Despite being well-known as the useful medicinal plant, there is no reliable, standardized method for origin discrimination. Ultra performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detector and quadrupole time of flight-mass spectrometry based metabolite-profiling was applied to explore significant metabolite for origin discrimination between Korean and Chinese P. ternata. One compound was isolated from Korean P. ternata using repeated ODS column chromatography by bioactivity guided fractionation, and determined as [6]-gingerol according to the results of spectroscopic data including nuclear magnetic resonance and MS. This compound was selected as cosmeceutical biomarker by fingerprints, and it was associated to melanin inhibitory effect determining its origin authenticity. Furthermore, the calibration curve of biomarker was prepared using validated method for the comparison of content between Korean and Chinese P. ternata. This is the report to address the selection and successful validation of the discriminant metabolite for confirmation of Korean P. ternata.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.12-15
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• 2001

The antioxidative compounds and antioxidant contents of ginger (Zingiber officinale) rhizomes were determined. Substances reextracted using ethyl acetate from crude methanol extract of fresh ginger rhizome were separated through thin layer chromatography. Ten phenolic antioxidative bands were visualized through color reactions using ferric chloride-potassium ferricyanide and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylbydrazyl (DPPH). The antioxidative compounds were purified through preparative TLC and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), among which, five antioxidants were identified as 4-, 6-, 8-. and 10-gingerols and 6-shogaol on the basis of their molecular weights determined through LC-MS. As shown in experiments using DPPH free radicals, 6-Gingerol and PT4-HP8 (unknown) were revealed to be more efficient than BHT (butylated hydroxy toluene). Contents of gingerols were determined through reverse phase HPLC. Total gingerol contents (sum of 6-,8-, and 10-gingerols) in rhizomes of different ginger varieties varied significantly. The HG55 (collected at Wanju district in Korea) and the HG52 (imported from Brazil) showed the highest gingerol contents.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.201-208
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• 2005

Earlier we have reported the antidiabetic activity of fresh juice of rhizomes of Zingiber officinale (Z. officinale) and its correlation with 5-HT receptor antagonism. Since 6-gingerol the marker compound of Z. officinale is reported to posses 5-HT anatgonistic activity, the present investigation, was undertaken to find out the concentration of 6-gingerol present in methanolic extract of Z. officinale and its different fractions (petroleum ether, toluene and chloroform). We also evaluated these fractions for antidiabetic activity in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced neonatal type 2 diabetic rats. Fasting glucose and insulin levels in non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) rats were found to be significantly (P < 0.05) higher than control rats and these were significantly decreased by treatment with methanolic extract of Z. officinale and its fractions. The results of oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) showed that methanolic extract and its fractions significantly (P < 0.05) decreased both STZ-induced increase in $AUC_{glucose}$ and $AUC_{insulin}$ values in NIDDM groups. Treatment with petroleum ether fraction produced a greater reduction in elevated glucose and $AUC_{glucose}$ levels as compared to treatment with other fractions. Treatment with methanolic extract of Z. officinale and its fractions also produced significant reduction in the elevated lipid, serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) levels in NIDDM rats. The effect of petroleum ether fraction on elevated lipid, SGOT and SGPT levels was significantly greater as compared to treatment with other fractions. The concentration of 6-gingerol was found to be maximum in petroleum ether fraction (11.430%) and minimum in chloroform fraction (0.973%). The methanolic extract and toluene fraction was found to contain 3.080% and 2.191 %, 6-gingerol respectively. In conclusion, our data suggest that methonolic extract and its fractions possess significant antidiabetic activity in NIDDM rats. The extent of activity appears to be dependent on the concentration of 6-gingerol present in the extract or its fractions.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.38-42
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• 1999

To obtained the basic information needed in the development of higher quality and yield of ginger, twenty-four indigenous colones of ginger were evaluated major agronomic characteristics under field and polyethylene house culture. There was highly significant differences in yield and 6-gingerol contents among the clones studied. Maximum yield was recorded in clone CG9579(3520kg/10a) followed by CG95134, CG9512, CG96109, CG9596, in field culture. The maximum 6-gingerol percentage was recorded in the clone CG9579 containing 4.44mg/g, and next was CG9583 4.35mg/g, CG95134 4.32mg/g DW. In addition, CG9503 and CG95105 clones showed more than 4,000kg/10a in polyethylene house culture.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.266-271
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• 2004

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) is widely used as a common condiment for a variety of foods and beverages. In addition to its extensive utilization as a spice, the fresh or the processed rhizome is a useful crude drug in traditional Chinese medicine. It is considered to possess stomachic, carminative, stimulant, diuretic and antiemetic properties. Chemical studies on the pungent principles of ginger have been carried out by a number of investigators, and 6-gingerol and 6-shogaol as a major pungent substance have been isolated. In this study, the constituents inhibiting a drug metabolizing enzyme CYP3A4 from ginger were investigated. CYP3A4 is responsible for drug metabolism as heme-containing monooxygenases. As a result of experiment, 10-gingerol (lC$_{50}$ 5.75$\mu$M) isolated from EtOAc extract of ginger showed remarkable inhibitory activity compared to 6-gingerol ($IC_{50}$/ 14.56 $\mu$M) and zingerone ($IC_{50}$/ 379.63 $\mu$M). This paper describes the isolation, structure elucidation, and CYP3A4 inhibitory activity of these compounds. The structure of the compounds were identified by instrumental analysis such as LC-mass spectrometer and NMR.R.