• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.1633-1638
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• 2014

[6]-Gingerol is known as the major bioactive constituent of ginger. In the study, it was observed to effectively protect against ${\bullet}OH$-induced DNA damage ($IC_{50}$ $328.60{\pm}24.41{\mu}M$). Antioxidant assays indicated that [6]-gingerol could efficiently scavenge various free radicals, including ${\bullet}OH$ radical ($IC_{50}$ $70.39{\pm}1.23{\mu}M$), ${\bullet}O_2{^-}$ radical ($IC_{50}$ $228.40{\pm}9.20{\mu}M$), $DPPH{\bullet}$radical ($IC_{50}$ $27.35{\pm}1.44{\mu}M$), and $ABTS{^+}{\bullet}$radical ($IC_{50}$ $2.53{\pm}0.070{\mu}M$), and reduce $Cu^{2+}$ ion ($IC_{50}$ $11.97{\pm}0.68{\mu}M$). In order to investigate the possible mechanism, the reaction product of [6]-gingerol and $DPPH{\bullet}$ radical was further measured using HPLC combined mass spectrometry. The product showed a molecular ion peak at m/z 316 $[M+Na]^+$, and diagnostic fragment loss (m/z 28) for quinone. On this basis, it can be concluded that: (i) [6]-gingerol can effectively protect against ${\bullet}OH$-induced DNA damage; (ii) a possible mechanism for [6]-gingerol to protect against oxidative damage is ${\bullet}OH$ radical scavenging; (iii) [6]-gingerol scavenges ${\bullet}OH$ radical through hydrogen atom ($H{\bullet}$) transfer (HAT) and sequential electron (e) proton transfer (SEPT) mechanisms; and (iv) both mechanisms make [6]-gingerol be oxidized to semi-quinone or quinone forms.

• 생약학회지
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• 제33권4호통권131호
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• pp.291-295
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• 2002

On the quality control of commercial Zingiberis Rhizoma and its processed product, quantitative determination of 6-gingerol using HPLC method has been conducted. Quantitative analysis off-gingerol in Zingiberis Rhizoma showed average 0.359% in 14 samples collected throughout the regions of Korea. The contents of 6-gingerol in Zingiberis Rhizome were decreased during the processing procedure (0.306%).

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.223-228
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• 2015

6-Gingerol exerts anti-tumor effects in various cancer cell models. We evaluated the effect of 6-gingerol on the growth of MCF-7 breast cancer cells and MCF-10A breast epithelial cells to determine whether any growth-inhibitory effects found were attributable to apoptosis, and to elucidate the underlying mechanism of action. 6-Gingerol inhibited the viability of both cell lines in a dose- and time-dependent manner; however, the degree of inhibition was greater in MCF-7 than MCF-10A cells. By flow cytometry, induction of dose- and time-dependent apoptosis was found, and the magnitude of apoptosis was also markedly greater in MCF-7 than MCF-10A cells. Expression of caspase-3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) was observed in MCF-7 cells treated with 6-gingerol, and further cleavage of PARP occurred in these cells. We suggest that 6-gingerol induces apoptosis in human breast cancer cells mainly by promoting caspase-3 expression and subsequent degradation of PARP.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2-2
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• pp.149.3-150
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• 2003

[6]-Gingerol, a major pungent ingredient of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe, Zingiberaceae) has a wide array of pharmacologic effects. Our previous studies have demonstrated that [6]-gingerol inhibits mouse skin tumor promotion and anchorage-independent growth of cultured mouse epidermal cells stimulated with epidermal growth factor. In this study, we have investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying anti-tumor promoting effects of ［6］-gingerol on mouse skin carcinogenesis. (omitted)

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.568-575
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• 2018

In order to discover lifespan-extending compounds made from natural resources, activity-guided fractionation of Zingiber officinale Roscoe (Zingiberaceae) ethanol extract was performed using the Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) model system. The compound 6-gingerol was isolated from the most active ethyl acetate soluble fraction, and showed potent longevity-promoting activity. It also elevated the survival rate of worms against stressful environment including thermal, osmotic, and oxidative conditions. Additionally, 6-gingerol elevated the antioxidant enzyme activities of C. elegans, and showed a dose-depend reduction of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in worms. Further studies demonstrated that the increased stress tolerance of 6-gingerol-mediated worms could result from the promotion of stress resistance proteins such as heat shock protein (HSP-16.2) and superoxide dismutase (SOD-3). The lipofuscin levels in 6-gingerol treated intestinal worms were decreased in comparison to the control group. No significant 6-gingerol-related changes, including growth, food intake, reproduction, and movement were noted. These results suggest that 6-gingerol exerted longevity-promoting activities independently of these factors and could extend the human lifespan.

• 생약학회지
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.226-231
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• 2017

Zingiberis Rhizoma (ZR, Zingiberaceae) is one of the foods for a long time and contains various biological activities including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-platelet activities. The present study was to compare the amount of 6-gingerol in the 70% ethanol extracts of non-processed ZR and processed ZR by roasting using a high-performance liquid chromatography equipped with photodiode array detector. The 6-gingerol was separated on a Gemini $C_{18}$ analytical column ($5{\mu}m$, $4.6{\times}250mm$) using two mobile phase consisting of distilled water and acetonitrile. The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min and injection volume was $10{\mu}L$. In non-processed ZR sample, the amount of the 6-gingerol was 0.43% and the amount of the marker compound in processed ZR samples by roasting were 0.16-0.55%.

• 한국독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국독성학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.95.1-95
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• 2003

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe, Zingiberaceae) has a wide array of pharmacologic effects. Our previous studies have demonstrated that [6]-gingerol, a major pungent ingredient of ginger, inhibits mouse skin tumor promotion and anchorage-independent growth of cultured mouse epidermal cells stimulated with epidermal growth factor. In this study, we have investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying chemopreventive effects of [6]-gingerol on mouse skin carcinogenesis. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), a key enzyme in the formation of prostaglandins, has been recognized as a molecular target of many chemopreventive as well as anti-inflammatory agents. The murine COX-2 promoter contains several transcriptional elements, particularly those involved in regulating inflammatory processes. One of the essential transcription factors responsible for COX-2 induction is NF-kappa B. Topical application of [6]-gingerol inhibited the COX-2 expression through suppression of NF-kappa B activation in phorbol ester-treated mouse skin. [6]-Gingerol, through down-regulation of p38 MAPK, abrogated the DNA binding activity of NF-kappa B by blocking phosphorylation of p65/RelA at the Ser 536 residue. These findings suggest that [6]-gingerol exerts an anti-tumor promotional activity through inhibition of the p38 MAPK-NF-kappa B siganling cascade in mouse skin.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.442-446
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• 1990

As a part of studies on the quality control of crude drug-drink preparations, ginger components were identified by TLC and 6-gingerol was determined quantitatively by HPLC. Ginger components were identified by TLC with benzene/acetone (4:1, v/v, on silica gel plate by spraying a vanillinsulfuric acid reagent. 5-Gingerol contents were determined at 280 nm by HPLC on Lichro CART RP-18 column with acetonitrile/wate(38:62, v/v). Its transfer rate in the 3 types of crude drug extract drinks was 65.4-85.1% compared to the content in the ginger extract.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제51권5호
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• pp.447-451
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• 2019

건조한 생강을 아임계수 추출 기술을 이용하여 6-gingerol, 6-shogaol을 추출하고 유효성분의 추출 효율과 영향을 비교 분석하였다. 추출 결과, 건조를 할 경우, 건조 조건에 따라 6-shogaol이 증가하기도 했으나 극한 조건으로 건조하여 생강의 수분함량이 매우 낮아질 경우, 오히려 생강 조직 사이의 공간이 감소하고 그로 인한 추출 용매의 mass transfer가 낮아져 6-gingerol과 6-shogaol 함량은 모두 감소하였다. 또한 비교적 높은 온도인 60, $80^{\circ}C$에서 4시간의 건조를 시킬 경우, 6-shogaol은 열분해가 되었다. 결과적으로 생강의 $60^{\circ}C$, 2시간이 가장 적절한 건조 조건이었다. 특히, 생강의 건조 조건과 유효성분의 추출 경향은 높은 상관관계를 나타내었다. 이는 오직 물만을 사용하여 유효성분을 추출하는 친환경적이며 안전하고 독성이 없는 아임계수 추출 방법이 최적화된 생강 시료의 건조 조건에서 6-shogaol의 유효성분을 선택적으로 추출할 수 있는 잠재성과 우수성을 확인한 결과이며, 다양한 식물에서 유효성분을 추출하거나 가공하는 식품 산업에 응용하여 사용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.97-102
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• 1994

The oxidative stability of perilla oil were examined by measuring peroxide value. The induction period of perilla oil for each storage temperature was measured by POV and indicated that it was 80 days for 45$^{\circ}C$, 22.5 days for 65$^{\circ}C$, 9.5 days for 85$^{\circ}C$ and 5 days for 105$^{\circ}C$ respectively. Also, the induction period of the perilla oil with different concentration of ginger powder at 85$^{\circ}C$was studied and has been found that 9.4 days for 6% ginger powder, 11.9 days for 4% and 11days for 2% ginger power. The relative antioxidant effectiveness of ginger power was 99% for 6% ginger power, 125% for 4% ginger power, 122% for 2% ginger power. The induction period of perilla oil with gingerol at 85$^{\circ}C$ was 13.5days for 2% crude gingerol, 11.7days for 0.2% crude gingerol and 12.0 days for 0.02% BHT. The elativi antroxidant effectiveness of perilla oil gingerol at 85$^{\circ}C$was 142% for 2% crude gingerol, 123% for 0.2% crude gingerol, 126% for 0.02% BHT.