• Research in Plant Disease
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.229-238
• /
• 2020

Field validation of PBcast, an infection risk model for Phytophthora blight of pepper, was conducted through a designed field experiment in 2012 and 2013. Conduciveness of weather conditions at 26 locations in Korea in 2014-2017 was also evaluated using PBcast. The PBcast estimated daily infection risk (IR) of Phytophthora capsici based on weather and soil texture data. In the designed filed experiment, four treatments including routine sprays at 7-day intervals (RTN7), forecast-based sprays when IR reached 200 (IR200) and 224 (IR224), and no spray (CTRL) were compared in terms of disease incidence and number of sprays recommended for disease control. In 2012, IR had reached over 200 twice, but never reached 224. In 2013, IR had reached over 200 three times and once higher than 224. The RTN7 plots were sprayed 17 and 18 times in 2012 and 2013, respectively. Weather conditions throughout the country were generally conducive for Phytophthora blight and 3-4 times of fungicide sprays would have been reduced if the PBcast forecast information was adopted in the decision-making for fungicide sprays. In conclusion, the PBcast forecast would be useful to reduce fungicide applications without losing the disease control efficacy to protect pepper crop from Phytophthora blight.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.596-602
• /
• 2014

We investigate the quality characteristics and free radical scavenging ability of yanggaeng prepared with different amounts of grape juice (GJ). GJ was incorporated into yanggaeng at different levels (containing 50, 100, 150, and 200 g of GJ in yanggaeng, respectively) based on the total weight of water. Sugar contents showed a significant increase; however, pH showed a decrease with increasing levels of GJ. In terms of color, lightness and yellowness decreased significantly but redness increased with increasing levels of GJ. In a texture profile analysis, hardness were increased; however, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness decreased with increasing levels of GJ. Total polyphenol content and 1,1-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity increased significantly as the GJ concentration increased in the formulation. The sensory evaluation indicated that yanggaeng containing the 150 g level of GJ showed the best preference in terms of color, taste, texture, flavor, and overall acceptance. These results suggest that grape juice may be a useful ingredient in yanggaeng to improve quality and antioxidant potential.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
• /
• v.33 no.4
• /
• pp.471-477
• /
• 1996

During Bi(Pb)-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconductor wire fabrication the effect of the initial packing density on the final characteristics of superconductor wire was systematically studied. To increase the powder packing density with uniform distribution of superconducting core a billet insertion method processed by CIP was applied instead of the commonly used vibration and ramming method of powder insertion into silver sheath. Compared with the vibration and ramming method the billent insertion technique processed by CIP cause the 30% incre-specimen with 130${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$(core thickness : 45 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$)and 5.24 mm width processed at 84$0^{\circ}C$for 200hrs. shows specimen with 130${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ (core thickness ; 45${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$)and 5.24 mm width processed at 84$0^{\circ}C$ for 200 hrs. shows maximum 34A for Ic and 16, 700 A/cm2 for Ic measured at 77K and 0T. Also the sample rolled 3 times shows maximum 7, 2A for Ic and 11, 000 A/cm2 for 77K and 0T. Based on X-ray experimental results the formation of Bi-2223 and texture were significantly well developed at the interface between the superconducting core and silver sheath as compared with those of the interior area of superconducting core.

• Resources Recycling
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.19-27
• /
• 2010

The purpose of this research was to see thermal and breaking type characteristics of waste wood for construction materials using high temperature and pressure equipment. In TG/DTA graph weight of waste wood was steeply decreased at $250^{\circ}C$, it has to be treated below $250^{\circ}C$ for construction materials. In popping test the needle-leaved tree was more broken in texture than the broad-leaved tree, especially, Chamaecyparis obtusa(W-7) was the best. The optimum result was obtained at temp. $200^{\circ}C$, pressure 3MPa among the experimental condition.

• Proceedings of the Korean Association of Geographic Inforamtion Studies Conference
• /
• 2008.06a
• /
• pp.387-390
• /
• 2008

소음지도는 공간의 소음값을 3차원적으로 분석하여 GIS 데이터에 소음분석결과값을 RGB 값으로 표현한 것이다. 현재의 GIS는 2차원 데이터이므로 3차원 소음분석결과값을 표현하고 사용자들에게 제공하는 것에 효과적이지 못하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 소음분석결과값을 보다 효과적으로 사용자들에게 제공하기 위하여 3차원 소음지도를 제작하고자 한다. 3차원 소음지도는 도시공간모델의 지형과 건물을 각각 소음분석결과값을 이용하여 texturing하여 가시화한 후 통합하여 완성한다. 지형의 경우, 지형의 기하학적 가시화완 지형의 texturing의 두 단계를 거쳐 완성하고 건물의 경우, 건물의 기하학적 3차원 가시화와 건물의 texturing의 두 단계를 거쳐 생성한다. 건물과 지형의 texturing의 단계에서 texture file은 소음분석결과값을 RGB코드로 변환하여 jpg파일로 생성한다. 생성된 3차원 소음지도는 영등포구 전체 영역을 대상지로 하였고 web기반의 VRML파일이다. 가시화의 효율성을 고려하여 영등포구 영역을 $200m{\times}200m$로 구역을 설정 607개의 구역으로 나누어 가시화하였다. 도시공간 모델을 이용하여 3차원 소음지도를 제작함으로써 도시공간모델을 이용하는 응용분야에서 3차원 공간분석의 가시화를 위한 방법을 제시할 수 있었다. 이를 통하여 공간 문제들의 결과를 사용자들에게 보다 효율적으로 제공할 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.411-424
• /
• 1997

The purpose of this study was to evaluate in vitro the effects during subgingival calculus removal using Nd:YAG laser. The study group was consisted of 30 teeth with advanced periodontal disease extracted before the start of periodontal therapy. The specimens were divided into 8 different groups : 1) untreated control 2) scaling and root planing only 3) laser treated using 150mJ/pulse, 1sec, 5sec, contact mode 4) laser treated using 200mJ/pulse, 5sec, contact mode 5) laser treated using 150mJ/pulse, 1sec, non-contact mode 6) laser treated using 200mJ/pulse, 5sec, non-contact mode 7) laser treated using l5OmJ/pulse, 1sec, contact mode with water irrigation 8) laser treated using 200mJ/pulse, 5sec, contact mode with water irrigation. All specimens were prepared for evaluation by scanning electron microscopy(SEM). Specimens from Group 2 exhibited a smear layer of scale like texture with parallel instrument tracks resulting from curet use. Specimens treated by contact mode, Group 3 and 4 featured surface changes not observed· in controls such as charring, randomly distributed pitting and crater formation, and melting down of the tooth material and calculus. Specimens treated by noncontact mode, Group 5 and 6 featured similar surface changes observed in contact mode. However, the differences between contact and non-contact groups not significant. Specimens treated by contact mode with water irrigation, Group 7 and 8 featured slight surface change compared to other groups. The results suggested that Nd: YAG laser did not completely remove the subgingival calculus but was possible the application as adjunctive method.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.54 no.1
• /
• pp.51-58
• /
• 2012

The purposes of the study were to examine the changes in carcass traits and surface meat color, and cortisol concentration by different altitudes and shipping distances for steer and cow. The experimental animals were shipped from Kangwondo, Kyunggido, Choongchungdo, and Kyungsangdo to Wonju LPC. The animals were examined for yield traits, quality traits, carcass grade, lightness, redness, yellowness, croma value, and cortisol concentration by different altitudes and shipping distances. The results showed that the carcass traits of steer like back fat thickness were not different by shipping distances of 100 km, 150 km, and 200 km. However, the fat thickness was higher in steers shipped from 250 km than 100 km, 150 km, and 200 km distance. Ribeye area was reduced significantly in 200 km and 250 km than 50 km. Yield index and yield grade were significantly low in 250 km than 50-200 km. However, meat color, fat color, texture, mature, and quality grade had no differences between shipping distances. Marbling score was not different in 50-200 km. However, the marbling score in 250 km was significantly lower than that of 50 km. In case of surface meat color by shipping distance, redness, yellowness, chroma value, and hue-angle were not different in shipping distance of 250 km. The lightness had similar result in 50-200 km. However, in case of 250 km the lightness was significantly low. The REA of cow carcass by shipping distance had no differences by shipping distance. The BET had similar results in 50-150 km. However, it had significantly thick in 200 km. The yield index and yield grade had no differences in 50-150 km. However, yield index and grade were significantly low in 200 km. The carcass trait of cow had no differences in all items by shipping distance. Although the carcass traits and the BET for steer by altitude had no differences between 100, 200, 300 and 500 m, but those were significantly thick in 400 m. And the yield index and the yield grade at altitude 400 m were lower than that of other altitudes. The quality traits and the quality grade had no differences between 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 m altitudes. The yield traits, quality traits, yield grade, and quality grade had no significant differences by altitudes. In case of yield index of cow for 300 m was low than the cases of 100 m and 200 m. The surface meat color for steer and cow had no differences by altitudes. However, the lightness of cow had positive result in 100 m than 200 m and 300 m. In case of steer and cow the cortisol concentration by shipping distance was high as the shipping distances were longer. However, the cortisol concentrations of steer and cow by altitudes were decreased as the altitudes were increased. From the above results carcass traits and carcass grade were decreased and the cortisol concentration was increased as the altitudes were decreased for steer and cow.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Applied Superconductivity and Cryogenics Conference
• /
• 2002.02a
• /
• pp.91-94
• /
• 2002

Textured Ce$O_{2}$ buffers for YBCO coated conductors were deposited on biaxially textured Ni substrate by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition The texture of deposited Ce$O_{2}$ films was varied with deposition temperature(T) and oxygen partial pressure($Po_{2}$). ($\ell$ 00) textured Ce$O_{2}$ films were deposited at T= 500~$520^{\circ}C$, $Po_{2}$= 0.90~3.33 Torr. The growth rate of the Ce$O_{2}$ films was 150~200 nm/min at T= $520^{\circ}C$ and $Po_{2}$= 2.30 Torr, which was much faster than that prepated by other physical deposition method.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
• /
• v.28 no.5
• /
• pp.267-275
• /
• 1995

Electron beam can provide convenient way to heat the substrate during Hollow Cathode Discharge (HCD) ion plating of Ti(C, N)films. Densification of columnar structrue is enhanced by longer duration of electron beam heating(EBH). While strong(111) texture is identified always to be formed, the amount of (200) oriented grains which coherently interfaced with carbide particles of the substrate increased with heating(EBH). In turns, these crystallogaphical change lead to the increase of micro hardness and adhesion of coating. Adhesion of Ti(C, N) films increased more dramatically in case of ASP30 substrate of which carbide particles dispersed more finely than M42. Therefore, it could be concluded that both the density of film and interfacial structure can affect the adhesion property. Overheating of substrate could be resulted in low adhesion resistance due to high residual stress developed in the film.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.116-120
• /
• 1999

Fe-Ni alloy thin films with about 3.5 $\mu\textrm{m}$ thickness were successfully grown on Al-killed steel substrates employing DC magnetron sputtering method, and then the4 film properties were characterized. The deposited film exhibited a fibre texture structure with the relationship of ${110}_\textrm{film}//{111}_\textrm{substrate}$. We found that the adhesion between the film and the substrate was fairly good considering no debonding behavior after the thermal cyclic test of 5,000 times from room temperature to $200^{\circ}C$. Also we found that the Fe-Ni alloy deposition induced a significant decrease of thermal expansion in the film processing, a new material system with much lower thermal expansion coefficient which can be applied more as shadow mask materials than an Al-killed steel sheet.