• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.141-144
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• 1998

This paper complements the work of Courtney et al. in viewing learning organizations as inquiring systems. Hegelian inquiring systems are based on the dialectic. Dialectic can not exist without dialogue. The guarantor of this system is conflict. Hegelian inquiring systems would facilitate multiple and contradictory interpretations of reality. Hegelian synthesis of two opposing models-thesis and antithesis-is the epitome of open systems and double-loop learning. Knowledge gained from the Hegelian inquiring systems may result in an entirely new strategic direction to organizations. This paper reviews some guidelines and principles of Hegelian learning organizations and IT support of it. Also it proposes the immediate deployment of Hegelian learning organizations in the wicked business environments and finally suggests the development of new, flexible information technologies and systems for Hegelian organizations.

• 보존과학연구
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• s.15
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• pp.137-147
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• 1994

This article is an introduction to : ICCROM PAPERCONSERVATION COURSE 1993" which I participated in, from July 28th 1993 to September 24th. The program was divided into two major sections. The first part deal with scienctific principles of paper conservation, covering structure and composition of paper and related materials, causes of deterioration and guidelines for preservation. It include chemistry for paper conservators and the history and technology of papermaking. Second part of the course emphasize practical conservation ; participants actually work together with specialists. Two weeks are dedicated to the Western approach to paper conservation. A selection of recent conservation treatments are discussed methodologically, demonstrated and performed. The same amount of time are devorted to a seminar on the conservation of fareastern paper objects. The aim is to exporse participants to different approrches and methodologies in paper consevation, to compare and discuss various tendencies and to learn lessons from other experiences that are applicable to one's own work.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.5 no.2_3
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• pp.103-126
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• 2005

This paper describes the theoretical background and underlying principles behind the American Institute of Steel Construction Load and Resistance Factor Design (AISC LRFD) Specification for the analysis and stability design of steel frames. Various analysis procedures that can take into consideration the effects of member instability, frame instability, member-frame interaction, geometric imperfections, and inelasticity are reviewed. Design approaches by which these factors can be incorporated in the design of steel moment frames are addressed. Current specification guidelines for member and frame design in the U.S. are summarized. Examples are given to illustrate the validity of the design equations. Some future directions for the analysis and stability design of steel frames are discussed.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.81-106
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• 1998

This study aims to point out what is the basic idea and principle of weed control in or-ganic farming. The korean organic agriculture gets a point in dispute on weed control, be-cause 1) they do not practice the Basic Standard of IFOAM and FAO/WHO Codex Guidelines(draft), and 2) Korean organic farming is defined quite differently from internationally recognized core aspects for organic agriculture. Organic farming, in Korea, is taken to mean just the replacement of chemical fertilizer by organic manure and a-voidance of agricultural chemicals without practicing on rotation, cropping system and so on. As a consequence, organic farmers in Korea are suffering from hard labor to control the weed. In the paper it is discussed on organical weed control method which are required in the Basic Standard of IFOAM and guidelined in the Organic Production Principles of FAO/WHO Codex draft, and furthermore the single or combination effect of those method are also discussed. In conclusion it is suggest the necessity, purpose, and effect of the introduction of the basic stan-dard to korean organic agriculture including organical weed control.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.11-41
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• 2013

Article 347 of criminal law provides the act of deceiving another, thereby taking property or obtaining pecuniary advantage from another. On the other hand, the concepts of fraud and abuse are confused upon interpretation since the definition in National Healthcare Insurance Law is unclear, and it affects closely to the administrative measures such as surcharge levy by the period of inspection, therefore, the disputes continue in the forms of formal objection, administrative ruling and administrative litigation. This study aims to look over the legal problems on application of criminal fraud toward the abuse of 'Paid Medical Expenses(Article 57, Sections 1 and 4 of the National Health Insurance Act)'. The main issues are concept of abuse(Article 57, Sections 1 and 4 of the National Health Insurance Act), the problems of Directions of Health-Welfare Ministry on aspect of 'Nullum crimen sine lege' Principles, the proper sentenc-ing guidelines of fraud.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.9-22
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• 2021

Diffusion-weighted (DW) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a rapid, unenhanced imaging technique that measures the motion of water molecules within tissues and provides information regarding the cell density and tissue microstructure. DW MRI has demonstrated the potential to improve the specificity of breast MRI, facilitate the evaluation of tumor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and can be employed in unenhanced MRI screening. However, standardization of the acquisition and interpretation of DW MRI is challenging. Recently, the European Society of Breast Radiology issued a consensus statement, which described the acquisition parameters and interpretation of DW MRI. The current article describes the basic principles, standardized acquisition protocols and interpretation guidelines, and the clinical applications of DW MRI in breast imaging.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.315-322
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• 2015

Purpose: This paper was written to introduce methods of using the research ethics committee (RES) from requesting the initial review to reporting the close-out for nursing researchers. Methods: General ethical principles were described by reviewing the 'Bioethics and Safety Act' and other related guidelines, and constructing some questions and answers. Results: The results were composed of three parts; definition of RES, steps in using RES, and archiving. The 7 steps for using RES were; identifying whether the study needed to be reviewed, by the RES identifying whether the study could be exempted, requesting the initial review after preparing documents, requesting the re-review, requesting an amendment review, requesting a continuing review and reporting the close-out. Conclusion: Nursing researchers need to receive RES approval before starting nursing research involving human subjects. Nursing researchers are urged to use the steps reported in this paper to receive RES approval easily and quickly.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.187-199
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• 2011

Objectives : Pyoyubu (標幽賦), one of the classics in the science of acupuncture and moxibustion was written by Tu hankyoung (竇漢卿) during the Kum-Won dynasty of China (A.D 1196-1280). This paper is to explore his academic thoughts and make its correct interpretation with new copious notes. Methods : The translation was based on Original Chimgudaesung (原本鍼灸大成) and revisals of Chimguchuiyoung (鍼灸聚英), Yukyoungbuik (類經附翼), New Chimgudaesung (新鍼灸大成), etc. The format of this paper is in poetry and prose in order to abide by the original text. Results and Conclusions : The final part is devoted to five critical thinking on the text, which provides the fundamental principles and clinical guidelines for the current theory of acupuncture.

• Water Engineering Research
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.161-168
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• 2005

With characteristics of river continuum, stream ecosystems have diverse components and environments from upstream channel to estuarine area. Therefore, the habitat requirements and composition of conservative object should be well understood before applying any improvement measure. In this paper, the causes of stream habitat changes were first illustrated with the categories and principles of habitat restoration methods. The structural restoration techniques of fish habitat improvement utilized by the authors or one three-year research project starting at 1990 were then presented. Through the introductions on the project background, planning guidelines, structure design, and ecological evaluation, this paper tried to provide some effective examples of stream restoration practices that ecological expert was invited for cooperation and advising.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.233-254
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• 1999

The forth edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (1994) provides documentation advice for writers in the social sciences. This style of citation briefly identifies the source for readers and enables them to locate the source of information in the alphabetical reference list at the end of an article. Although the APA publication manual gives recommendations for citing some kinds of electronic resources, it acknowledges that at the time of writing this edition, a standard had not yet emerged for referencing on-line information. Because the manual was published before the development of the Internet as we know it, it does not have guidelines for citing www sites, web discussion forum posting, and other Internet resources,. Therefore this study aims to extend the principles and conventions of APA citation style to electronic resources.