• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.147-155
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• 2021

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the co-administration effect of atelocollagen combined with hyaluronic acid (HA) injections for treatment of full-thickness rotator cuff tear (RCT). Methods: Eighty patients who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair for full-thickness RCT from March 2018 to November 2019 were enrolled. The patients were randomly allocated to the following groups: combined atelocollagen and HA injection (group I, n=28), only HA injection (group II, n=26), and no injection (group III, n=26). Clinical outcomes were assessed at 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery using the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score, visual analog scale pain score, functional scores (pain visual analog scale, function visual analog score), and range of motion. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed 12 months after surgery to evaluate rotator cuff integrity. Results: Preoperative demographic data and postoperative clinical outcomes did not differ significantly among the three groups (p>0.05). However, in group I, the number of steroid injections after surgery was significantly lower than that in the other groups (p=0.011). The retear rate on follow-up magnetic resonance imaging was significantly higher in group II (9.5%, n=2) and group III (13.6%, n=3) than in group I (0%) (p=0.021). Conclusions: Co-administration of atelocollagen and HA improves healing of the rotator cuff and increases the integrity of the rotator cuff repair site. This study provides encouraging evidence for use of combined atelocollagen-HA injections to treat patients with full-thickness RCT.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.178-184
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• 2019

Diesel engines have the advantages of higher thermal efficiency and lower CO2 emissions than gasoline engines, but have the disadvantages that particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions are greater than those of gasoline engines. In particular, nitrogen oxides (NOx) emitted from diesel engines generates secondary ultrafine dust (PM2.5) through photochemical reactions in the atmosphere, which is fatal to humans. In order to reduce nitrogen oxides (NOx), pre-treatment systems such as EGR, post-treatment systems such as LNT and Urea SCR have been actively studied. The Urea SCR consists of an injection device injecting urea agent and a catalytic device for reducing nitrogen oxides (NOx). The nitrogen oxide (NOx) reduction performance varies greatly depending on the urea uniformity in the exhaust pipe. In this study, spray characteristics according to the spray hole structure were confirmed, and the influence of spray uniformity on spray characteristics was studied through engine evaluation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.24 no.6_2
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• pp.737-744
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• 2021

An investigation is conducted to study a solid-liquid mixture vertically upward hydraulic transport of solid particles by non-Newtonian fluids in the Mud system. Rheology of particulate suspensions in viscoelastic fluids is of importance in many applications such as particle removal from surfaces, transport of proppants in fractured reservoir and cleaning of drilling holes, etc. In this study a clear acrylic pipe was used in order to observe the movement of solid particles. Annular velocities varied from 0.4 m/s to 1.2 m/s. The mud systems which were utilized included aqueous solution of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) solutions. Main parameters considered in the study were inner-pipe rotary speed, fluid flow regime and particle injection rate. Solid volumetric concentration and pressure drops were measured for the various parameters such as inclination angle, flow rate, and rotational speed of inner cylinder.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.659-664
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• 2016

Lindera obtusiloba has been used in traditional herbal medicine for the treatment of blood stasis and inflammation. The leaves of Lindera obtusiloba have been reported to exhibit various physiological activities. However, there is little information available on their antiplatelet and antithrombotic activities. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of Lindera obtusiloba leaf extract (LLE) on platelet activities, coagulation and thromboembolism. In a platelet aggregation study, LLE significantly inhibited various agonist-induced platelet aggregations in vitro and ex vivo. Furthermore, LLE significantly inhibited collagen-induced thromboxane A2 (TXA2) production in rat platelets. In addition, oral administration of LLE was protective in a mouse model of pulmonary thromboembolism induced by intravenous injection of a mixture of collagen and epinephrine. Interestingly, LLE did not significantly alter prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT). This study indicates that the antithrombotic effects of LLE might be due to its antiplatelet activities rather than anticoagulation. Taken together, these results suggest that LLE may be a candidate preventive and therapeutic agent in cardiovascular diseases associated with platelet hyperactivity.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.262-268
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• 2011

In order to investigate the microstructure and mechanical properties of WC-10 wt% Co insert tool alloy fabricated by PIM (Powder Injection Molding) process, the feedstock of WC-10 wt% and wax used as a kind of binder were mixed together by two blade mixer. After injection molding, the debinding process was carried out by two-steps. First, solvent extraction, in which the binder was eliminated by putting the specimen into normal hexane for 24 hrs at $60^{\circ}C$, and subsequently thermal debinding which was conducted at $260^{\circ}C$ and $480^{\circ}C$ for 6 hrs in the mixed gas of $H_2/N_2$, respectively. Meantime, in order to compensate the decarburization due to hydrogen, 1.2~1.8% of carbon was added to ensure the integrity of the phase. Finally, the specimens were sintered in vacuum under different temperatures, and the relative density of 99.8% and hardness of 2100 Hv can be achieved when sintered at $1380^{\circ}C$, even the TRS is lower than the conventional sintering process.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.323-326
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• 2001

Previous studies have demonstrated that CW252053, a quinazoline antifolate, exhibits potent inhibitory activity against thymidylate synthase (TS) as well as cytotoxic activity against tumor cell lines in vitro. In this studys, we evaluated the in vivo antitumor efficacy of CW252053 in the mouse tumor model. Female B6D2F$_1$ mice were injected with LY3.7. 2C TK-/- (thymidine kinase deficient mouse Iymphoma) cells into the gastrocnemius muscle. Then, CW252053 was administered twice daily by intraperitoneal injection for 10 days, and tumor growth was monitored daily by leg diameter measurement. All animals in the vehicle, 5-FU, and low dose (30mgmg/kg CW252053 treated groups died between days 12 and 23 because of the tumor burden. In contrast, dosing with 60 mg/kg of CW252053 produced a cure rat against tumor growth of 37.5% and a survival rate of 50%. Even more significantly, a higher dose of CW252053 (120 mg/kg) elicited both a 100% cure rate and a 100% survival rate at the termination of the study, confirming that this compound has very potent in vivo antitumor activity against tumor growth. During the experimental period of this study no signs of toxicity were observed even at the high CW252053 dosage rate of 120 mg/kg.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.18-24
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• 2013

This study was conducted to recycle fly ash containing an abundance of CaO generated from combustion in a circulating layer as a carbon storage medium. The study utilized XRD, TG-DTA and XRF analyses during the hydration of fly ash and identified calcium substances within fly ash that could be used in a carbonation process. $Ca^{2+}$ ions in the calcium substances were easily converted to hydrates. A carbonation experiment was done, which used the method of $CO_2$ gas injection to produce suspensions by mixing fly ash with distilled water. The results were analyzed using TG-DTA, XRD, and pH meter measurements. The study was able to verify that the reaction was completed at a $CO_2$ flow rate of 300cc/min approximately 30 minutes after an injection into a solution with a solid-liquid ratio of 1 : 10 of fly ash and distilled water. Moreover, the stirring time of the suspensions did not influence the reaction, and the reaction time was found to diminish as the portion of the fly ash became smaller. Thus, this study produced carbon storage fly ash having a $CO_2$ storage rate of about 71% through the utilization of the CaO content contained within fly ash.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.45-53
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• 2002

The main goal of this study was to produce transgenic porcine embryos by direct injection of sperm-mediated exogenous DNA. Spermatozoa (6$\times$10$^{6}$ sperms of final concentration) were mixed with pcDNA LAC Z (20 ng/$\mu$l) and subjected into electroporation (300~750 volts, 25 $\mu$F, 0.4 cm electrode). After sperm injection, the oocytes were activated electrically (1.7 KV/cm, 30$\mu$sec, single pulse) in 0.3 M mannitol solution or not. The sperm injected eggs were cultured in NCSU 23 medium (0.4% BSA) at 39$^{\circ}C$, 5% $CO_2$ in air fur 144 h. The rates of cleavage and development into blastocyst stage in activation group were significantly higher than those of non-activation group (79.6% and 24.1% vs. 46.3% and 14.4%, respectively, p<0.05). Control oocytes and shame injection were developed to blastocysts low (2.5%). Sixty five (27.1%) out of 240 embryos observed in activation and non-activation groups were showed positive by X-gal staining. However, all embryos in both groups were expressed partial or mosaic pattern. These results suggested that electrical stimulation far oocytes activation after sperm injection enhances the incidence of both fertilization and development fellowing sperm injection in the pig. Our study also suggested that sperm-mediated transfer of exogenous DNA by ICSI would be used as a valuable tool for the production of transgenic porcine embryos.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.5-11
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• 2023

The engineering industry heavily relies on fossil fuels such as coal and petroleum to generate energy through combustion. However, this process emits carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, leading to global warming. To mitigate this issue, researchers have explored various methods to reduce carbon dioxide emissions, one of which is carbon dioxide underground storage technology. This innovative technology involves capturing carbon dioxide from industrial plants and injecting it into the saturated ground layer beneath the earth's surface, storing it securely underground. Despite its potential benefits, carbon dioxide underground storage efficiency needs improvement to optimize storage in a limited space. To address this challenge, our research team has focused on improving storage efficiency by utilizing surfactants. Furthermore, we evaluated how different carbon dioxide states, including gaseous, liquid, and supercritical, impact storage efficiency based on their respective pressures and temperatures within the underground reservoir. Our findings indicate that using surfactants and optimizing the injection rate can effectively enhance storage efficiency across all carbon dioxide states. This research will pave the way for more efficient carbon dioxide underground storage, contributing to mitigating the environmental impact of fossil fuels on the planet.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.252-258
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• 2020

This study investigated the biochemical and histological changes associated with the co-administration of cisplatin and methanolic extract of Portulaca oleracea (MEPO) in adult Wistar rats. Twenty-four (24) adult female Wistar rats were randomly divided into six (6) groups (A-F) (n = 4). Group A served as the control group for the experiment and received no treatment. Group B was given a single dose of cisplatin and served as the cisplatin control group. Group C and D received 400 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg of MEPO 6 hours after a single dose cisplatin injection respectively. Group E and F received 400 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg of MEPO 6 hours before cisplatin injection. The cisplatin injection was 2 mL/kg given intraperitoneally for all groups. There was a significant increase in the serum levels of ALT, ALP, AST, total bilirubin, and conjugated bilirubin following cisplatin treatment (p = 0.000, 0.000, 0.039, 0.000, 0.004 respectively) with a consequent reversal due to MEPO administration across all treated groups (p = 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, and 0.000) in a dose-dependent fashion. Cisplatin caused the expansion of the red and white pulp in the spleen which was attenuated by MEPO. MEPO demonstrated a protective effect against cisplatin-induced liver and spleen toxicity.