• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• 제55권6호
• /
• pp.570-578
• /
• 2003

배 경 : 황사는 주로 $10{\mu}m$이하의 미세먼지($PM_{10}$)로서 $PM_{10}$의 증가는 황사현상의 증가와 매우 밀접한 관련이 있다. $PM_{10}$은 그 크기로 보아 호흡기에 침착이 가능하고 따라서 호흡기 증상 및 폐기능에 영향을 미칠 수 있올 것으로 생각되나 아직 이에 대한 연구는 없었다. 이에 연구자들은 천식으로 확진된 환자를 대상으로 황사 기간 중에 $PM_{10}$을 포함한 대기오염물질이 호흡기증상 및 폐기능에 미치는 영향을 알아 보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 인천지역 거주자이고 천식으로 확진된 환자를 대상으로 2002년 3월 2일부터 6월 14일까지 매일 최소 2회 이상의 최대호기유속 측정, 속효성 기관지 확장제 사용회수, 야간 증상, 증상 점수, 설외활동량 등을 기록하였다. 또한 대기오염지수인 $PM_{10}$, $SO_2$, $NO_2$, $O_3$, 황사발생일, 기온 및 습도를 측정하여 이들과 최대호기유속 및 변동률, 증상과의 관련성, 야간 증상 및 속효성 기관지확장제 사용회수 등의 연관성을 분석하였다. 결 과 : 대상환자는 남자 31 명, 여자 33명으로 평균 연령은 $46.1{\pm}14.1$세, FEV1은 $2.2{\pm}0.9L$, FEV1%는 $71.5{\pm}24.9%$ 이었다. 연구 기간 중 황사 발생일은 총 14일이었으며, $PM_{10}$수치는 황사발생일에 $188.5{\pm}163.0{\mu}g/m^3$, 비황사발생일에 $60.1{\pm}19.9{\mu}g/m^3$로 황사 발생기간 동안에 높게 측정되었다(p<005). 일일 평균 $PM_{10}$이 높은 날에는 대상 환자의 오전 및 오후 최대 호기유속이 낮아지는 경향을 보였으며(p<0.05), 최대 호기유속 변화율이 증가하였고(p<0.05), 야간에 천식으로 인해 잠을 깨는 횟수가 증가하였다(p<0.05). 반면, 황사 기간 중에 $SO_2$, $NO_2$, $O_3$ 등 다른 대기오염지수와 증상 및 최대호기유속의 변화는 상관성이 없었다(p>0.05). CO는 황사와 관계없이 천식환자에서 최대 호기유속 변동률 및 평균 최대호기유속에 영향을 미치고 있었다(p<0.05). 결 론 : 황사 기간 중 증가하는 미세먼지 농도는 기관지 천식 환자의 호흡기 증상의 악화 및 폐기능의 저하를 초래할 수 있다.

• 생물환경조절학회지
• /
• 제32권1호
• /
• pp.40-47
• /
• 2023

토마토 재배 작형 중 반촉성재배는 저온기 육묘가 특징으로 저온에 내성을 갖는 접목묘를 사용하면 겨울철 난방비를 절감할 수 있다. 본 연구는 반촉성 수경재배 시 방울토마토 대목 종류에 따라 나타나는 생육과 수량 변화를 비교 분석하고 엽 내 양분 함량을 측정하여 국내에서 육성한 대목의 성능을 검정하고자 수행하였다. 실험 재료로는 대목 계통 'HSF4', '21LM', '21A701'과 대조 대목품종 'B-blocking'을 사용하였으며, 접수 품종으로 대추방울토마토 'Nonari'를 사용하여 접목 처리구 4개와 비접목 처리구 1개를 실험에 사용하였다. 정식 후 160일에 '21A701' 대목 처리구의 줄기직경은 8.26mm로 대조 대목 처리구인 'B-blocking'보다 0.27mm 더 두꺼웠고 비접목 처리구는 7.23mm로 얇았다. 정식 후 153일에 '21LM' 처리구의 개화위치는 18.0cm로 'B-blocking'보다 6.2cm 더 높았고, 비접목 처리구는 9.6cm로 낮았다. '21A701'의 주당 총 수량은 3,387g으로 'B-blocking'보다 11% 높았고 비접목 처리구와 'HSF4'보다 각각 22%와 24% 더 높았다. 정식 후 167일에 '21LM'의 NO₃-N 농도는 1,746mg·L^-1로 높았고 비접목 처리구와 'HSF4'는 각각 1,252mg·L^-1와 1,245mg·L^-1으로 낮았다. '21A701'과 '21LM'은 뿌리 활력이 강해 생장과 수량이 다른 처리구에 비해 증가한 것으로 판단된다. 'HSF4'의 주당 총 수량이 적은 이유는 접목 친화성이 낮아 양수분의 이동이 약하고 이에 따라 생장과 엽내 질산태 질소 함량이 감소한 것으로 판단된다. 처리 간 수량과 생육 정도가 생육 후기 엽내 양분 함량과 비슷한 양상을 보여 엽병 즙액 분석을 통해 대목의 성능을 분석할 수 있는 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제20권10호
• /
• pp.1329-1336
• /
• 2011

The objectives of this study are to examine the processing of oils contamination soil by means of using a micronano-bubble soil washing system, to investigate the various factors such as washing periods, the amount of micro-nano bubbles generated depending on the quantity of acid injection and quantity of air injection, to examine the features involved in the elimination of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) contained in the soil, and thus to evaluate the possibility of practical application on the field for the economic feasibility. The oils contaminated soil used in this study was collected from the 0~15 cm surface layer of an automobile junkyard located in U City. The collected soil was air-dried for 24 hours, and then the large particles and other substances contained in the soil were eliminated and filtered through sieve No.10 (2 mm) to secure consistency in the samples. The TPH concentration of the contaminated soil was found to be 4,914~5,998 mg/kg. The micronano-bubble soil washing system consists of the reactor, the flow equalization tank, the micronano- bubble generator, the pump and the strainer, and was manufactured with stainless material for withstanding acidic phase. When the injected air flow rate was fixed at 2 L/min, for each hydrogen peroxide concentrations (5, 10, 15%) the removal percents for TPH within the contaminated soil with retention times of 30 minutes were respectively identified as 4,931 mg/kg (18.9%), 4,678 mg/kg (18.9%) and, 4,513 mg/kg (17.7%). And when the injected air flow rate was fixed at 2 L/min, for each hydrogen peroxide concentrations (5, 10, 15%) the removal percents for TPH within the contaminated soil with retention times of 120 minutes were respectively identified as4,256 mg/kg (22.3%), 4,621 mg/kg (19.7%) and 4,268 mg/kg (25.9%).

• 한국수정란이식학회지
• /
• 제22권4호
• /
• pp.245-249
• /
• 2007

The aim of present experiment was to examine hatching rate as in vitro indicator of viability of porcine embryos before early stage embryo transfer such as zygotes or 2-cell stage embryos. Cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) collected from ovaries were matured in North Carolina State University 23 (NCSU-23) containing 10% porcine follicular fluid (pFF), 10 ng/ml epidermal growth factor (EGF), $10{\mu}g/ml$ follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), $35{\mu}g/ml$ luteinizing hormone (LH), and 1mg/ml cysteine. After 24 hours, the COCs were transferred to the same medium without hormones. After 65h of maturation, oocytes were exposed to phosphate buffered saline (PBS) with 7% ethanol (v/v) for 7 minutes, and then the oocytes were washed and cultured in tissue culture medium (TCM) 199 containing 5 ug/ml cytochalasin B for 5h at $38.5^{\circ}C$ in an atmosphere of 5% $CO_2$ and 95% air with high humidity. After cytochalasin B treatment, the presumptive parthenotes were cultured in porcine zygote medium (PZM)-5 and cleavage of the parthenotes was assessed at 72h of activation, Normally cleaved parthenotes were cultured for an additional 8 days to evaluate their ability to develop to blastocyst and hatching stages. The fetal bovine serum (FBS) were added at Day 4 or 5 with concentrations of 2.5, 5 or 10%. The blastocyst rates were ranged within $39.1{\sim}70%$ in each treatment. However hatching rate was dramatically decreased in non-addition group. In this experiment, embryo viability in female reproductive tract may be estimated before embryo transfer with in vitro culture adding FBS by hatching ability.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.93-100
• /
• 2001

One-year-old cottonwood (Populus deltoides Bartr.) clones, which were classified as sensitive or tolerant, were exposed to 150 n1/1 ozone (O$_3$) over 8 days for 8 hours each day under glass chamber conditions with natural sunlight. The leaves of the sensitive clone had black stipple and bifacial necrosis after $O_3$ treatment. Photosynthesis and stomatal conductance were measured before, during, and after the $O_3$ treatment. The photosynthetic rates due to $O_3$ treatment were decreased 51 percent and 34 percent on the sensitive and tolerant clone, respectively. The stomatal conductance of the sensitive clone was more than 40 percent higher than that of the tolerant clone regardless of the $O_3$ treatment. As light intensity increased, the $O_3$ effect on photosynthesis was clear. Compared to the previous growth chamber studies, our natural light exposure system was able to maintain a stable photosynthetic responses of the control treatment throughout the fumigation period. In addition, changes in assimilation versus intercellular $CO_2$ concentration (A/C curves) showed that $O_3$ decreased the slope and asymptote of the curves for the sensitive clone. This indicates that $O_3$ decreases the biochemical capacity of photosynthesis on the sensitive clone. Chlorophyll contents and fluorescence of the two clones were analyzed to examine the $O_3$ effects on photosystem 11, but $O_3$ did not impact these variables on either clone. Although the tolerant clone did not show any foliar injury, we could not find any ecophysiological defensive responses to $O_3$ treated. Stomatal conductance of the tolerant clone was originally much lower than that of the sensitive one. Thus, the mechanisms of the tolerant clone in this system are to narrowly open stomata and efficiently maintain photosynthesis with a more durable biochemical apparatus of photosynthesis under $O_3$ stress. The sensitive clone has higher photosynthetic capacity and more efficient light reaction activity than the tolerant one under charcoal filtered condition, but is not as resilient under stress.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• 제28권1호
• /
• pp.25-31
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study was to determine the acute pulmonary toxicity of metallic silver nanoparticles (MSNPs, 20.30 nm in diameter). Acute pulmonary toxicity and body distribution of inhaled MSNPs in mice were evaluated using a nose-only exposure chamber (NOEC) system. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid analysis, Western blotting, histopathological changes, and silver burdens in various organs were determined in mice. Mice were exposed to MSNPs for 6 hrs. The mean concentration, total surface area, volume and mass concentrations in the NOEC were maintained at $1.93{\times}10^7$ particles/$cm^3$, $1.09{\times}10^{10}\;nm^2/cm^3$, $2.72{\times}10^{11}\;nm^3/cm^3$, and 2854.62 ${\mu}g/m^3$, respectively. Inhalation of MSPNs caused mild pulmonary toxicity with distribution of silver in various organs but the silver burdens decreased rapidly at 24-hrs post-exposure in the lung. Furthermore, inhaled MSNPs induced activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling in the lung. In summary, single inhaled MSNPs caused mild pulmonary toxicity, which was associated with activated MAPK signaling. Taken together, our results suggest that the inhalation toxicity of MSNPs should be carefully considered at the molecular level.

• 한국임상약학회지
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.122-132
• /
• 1998

SB-31 which contains Pursatilla, Licoris and Ginseng extracts was recently proved as an anticancer agent. In a preclinical effort to be applied this drug to human, pharmacokinetics of SB-31 was carried out in rats and rabbits. Glycyrrhizin(GZ), a saponin of Licoris was used as a standard ingradient for the pharmacokinetics of SB-31. The rat's blood, bile and urine samples were serially collected in femoral vein, common bile duct and bladder, respectively, after bolus i.v. injection at a dose of 1 or 1/5 ampul/rat and rabbit's blood samples from the marginal ear vein at a dose of 1 or 3 amp./rabbit. GZ and glycyrrhetic acid(GA), a major metabolite of GZ in the physiological samples were analysed by HPLC with UV detection. The decline of GZ in plasma concentration was generally biexponential at each dose. GZ was almost completely recovered in bile within 18 hour. GA wasn't detected in the samples with UV detector. In the rat, Vss and Kel at a dose of 1 and 1/5 ampul of SB-31 were $98.06\pm6.07\;ml,\;0.33\pm0.05\;hr^{-1}\;and\;65.46\pm11.19\;ml,\;0.68\pm0.25\;hr^{-1}$, respectively. Those in rabbits at a dose of 3 and 1 ampul of SB-31 were $235.24\pm30.72\;ml,\;0.13\pm0.36\;hr^{-1}\;and\;341.32\pm28.58\;ml,\;0.27\pm0.04\;hr^{-1}$, respectively. 'WinNonlin' was utilized for the compartmental analysis. A two-compartment model was chosen as the most appropriate pbarmaco-kinetic model. The data were best described by using a weighting factor of $1/y^2$. To evaluate the effect of SB-31 on cardiovascular system, serially diluted SB-31 was directly injected into coronary artery in the isolated perfused rat heart and the effect of PSF, PSH, saponins of Pursatilla, and SB-31 on PT, APTT of healthy human plasma was examined. Except the positive inotropic effect of ten times diluted solution of SB-31, there was no significant effect on LVDP, (- dp/dt)/(+dp/dt), heart rate and coronary flow in comparision with that of vehicle. SB-31 had no effect on PT but slightly delayed APTT about $6.9{\sim}11.5\%$. There was no significant effect of PSF and PSH on PT & APTT. Conclusively, SB-31 did not show any notable toxic effects on cardiovascular system.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
• /
• 제21권5호
• /
• pp.80.1-80.13
• /
• 2020

Background: In suckling piglets, transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) causes lethal diarrhea accompanied by high infection and mortality rates, leading to considerable economic losses. This study explored methods of preventing or inhibiting their production. Bovine antimicrobial peptide-13 (APB-13) has antibacterial, antiviral, and immune functions. Objectives: This study analyzed the efficacy of APB-13 against TGEV through in vivo and in vitro experiments. Methods: The effects of APB-13 toxicity and virus inhibition rate on swine testicular (ST) cells were detected using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT). The impact of APB-13 on virus replication was examined through the 50% tissue culture infective dose (TCID₅₀). The mRNA and protein levels were investigated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot (WB). Tissue sections were used to detect intestinal morphological development. Results: The safe and effective concentration range of APB-13 on ST cells ranged from 0 to 62.5 ㎍/mL, and the highest viral inhibitory rate of APB-13 was 74.1%. The log₁₀TCID₅₀ of 62.5 ㎍/mL APB-13 was 3.63 lower than that of the virus control. The mRNA and protein expression at 62.5 ㎍/mL APB-13 was significantly lower than that of the virus control at 24 hpi. Piglets in the APB-13 group showed significantly lower viral shedding than that in the virus control group, and the pathological tissue sections of the jejunum morphology revealed significant differences between the groups. Conclusions: APB-13 exhibited good antiviral effects on TGEV in vivo and in vitro.

• 대한핵의학회지
• /
• 제30권4호
• /
• pp.507-515
• /
• 1996

1) 강력한 $K^+$ 통로개방제인 pinacidil은 투여한 pinacidil의 농도, T1-201의 방사능양, 실험에 사용된 심근세포 수에 따라 차이는 있었지만 배양된 심근세포의 T1-201섭취를 1.6-2.5배 감소시켰고, 심근내로 유입시킨 T1-201의 세포외로의 배출을 1.6-3.1배 증가시켰다. Pinacidil의 T1-201의 세포내로의 섭취억제는 세포내로 유입되는 T1-201의 세포 내에서의 저류가 억제되어 일어났을 것으로 추측된다. 2) 생쥐체내에 주사한 pinacidil의 효과는 실험관내의 심근세포의 변화처럼 뚜렸하지는 않았지만 T1-201을 주사한 생쥐에서 10분 이후 pinacidil의 정맥주사한 경우에는 혈액과 간장의 방사능치는 치료하지 않은 군보다 약간 높았고, 신장과 심장의 방사능치는 약간 낮은 경향을 보였다. 이상의 배양된 심근세포와 생쥐체내 실험의 연구결과는 항고혈압약제나, 항협심증약, 기관지천식 치료제로 사용되는 $K^+$통로개방제는 심근내로의 T1-201 축적을 억제하고 배출을 촉진시켜. T1-201 심근관류스캔의 판독에 영향을 미칠 수 있을 수 있을 것으로 추측된다.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제24권4호
• /
• pp.352-360
• /
• 2014

이 연구의 목적은 이유자돈에 있어서 목장토에서 자체 분리 동정한 19종의 혼합 미생물 제제인 MR-1이 in vitro 실험(축 종별 병원성 미생물에 대한 항균효과 검정)과 in vivo 실험(성장, 혈액 생화학, 면역력 검정)에 미치는 영향을 평가하고자 하였다. 38일령 이유자돈 69두를 처리구 당 23두씩 나누어 대조구(basal diet; No-Antibiotics), 항생제구(Antibiotics), MR-1구(No-Antibiotics + MR-1)로 배치하여 45일 동안 급여시켰다. MR-1에 대한 축 종별 병원성 미생물에 대한 항균 효과 결과 E. coli K88와 S. Typhimurium균에서 약한 항균효과(+)를 나타내었으며, E. coli K99균에 대해서는 아주 강한 항균효과(++++)를 나타내었다. MR-1에 대한 일 당 증체량, 일 당 사료섭취량 및 사료요구율 결과는 MR-1의 사료 내 첨가에 의해 일 당 증체량은 증가 30 g 증가된 반면, 일 당 사료 섭취량은 감소하여 결과적으로 사료요구율이 대조구에 비해 유의하게 개선된 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 혈액 생화학적 분석의 결과는 WBC (백혈구)농도가 다른 처리구보다 높게 변화하였으며, MCH (평균 혈구 헤모글로빈 량) 농도 및 MCHC (평균 혈구 헤모글로빈 농도)는 각각 항생제구와 대조구보다 유의하게 높아졌다(p<0.05). 혈장 내 cytokine production의 농도 결과 MR-1의 사료 내 첨가에 의해 $TNF{\alpha}$의 경우 처리간 변화가 없었으나, $IFN{\gamma}$의 경우 항생제구에서 다른 처리구보다 유의하게 낮아진 반면, MR-1의 경우 대조구와 동일하게 유지된 결과를 나타내었다. 따라서 이유자돈에 있어서 혼합 미생물 제제인 MR-1은 병원성 미생물에 대한 항균력이 있을 뿐 만 아니라 사료 내첨가 급여 시 생산성에서 효과가 유의하게 나타났으며, 항생제에 따른 바이러스 저항 인자인 $IFN{\gamma}$의 감소 없이 유지되는 것으로 나타나 이유자돈에 있어서 항생제 대체제로서 산업적으로 이용이 적합할 것으로 판단된다.