• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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• 한국균학회 2014년도 추계학술대회 및 정기총회
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• pp.11-11
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• 2014

Fungal pathogens have huge impact on health and economic wellbeing of human by causing life-threatening mycoses in immune-compromised patients or by destroying crop plants. A key determinant of fungal pathogenesis is their ability to undergo developmental change in response to host or environmental factors. Genetic pathways that regulate such morphological transitions and adaptation are therefore extensively studied during the last few decades. Given that epigenetic as well as genetic components play pivotal roles in development of plants and mammals, contribution of microbial epigenetic counterparts to this morphogenetic process is intriguing yet nearly unappreciated question to date. To bridge this gap in our knowledge, we set out to investigate histone modifications among epigenetic mechanisms that possibly regulate fungal adaptation and processes involved in pathogenesis of a model plant pathogenic fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae. M. oryzae is a causal agent of rice blast disease, which destroys 10 to 30% of the rice crop annually. Since the rice is the staple food for more than half of human population, the disease is a major threat to global food security. In addition to the socioeconomic impact of the disease it causes, the fungus is genetically tractable and can undergo well-defined morphological transitions including asexual spore production and appressorium (a specialized infection structure) formation in vitro, making it a model to study fungal development and pathogenicity. For functional and comparative analysis of histone modifications, a web-based database (dbHiMo) was constructed to archive and analyze histone modifying enzymes from eukaryotic species whose genome sequences are available. Histone modifying enzymes were identified applying a search pipeline built upon profile hidden Markov model (HMM) to proteomes. The database incorporates 22,169 histone-modifying enzymes identified from 342 species including 214 fungal, 33 plants, and 77 metazoan species. The dbHiMo provides users with web-based personalized data browsing and analysis tools, supporting comparative and evolutionary genomics. Based on the database entries, functional analysis of genes encoding histone acetyltransferases and histone demethylases is under way. Here I provide examples of such analyses that show how histone acetylation and methylation is implicated in regulating important aspects of fungal pathogenesis. Current analysis of histone modifying enzymes will be followed by ChIP-Seq and RNA-seq experiments to pinpoint the genes that are controlled by particular histone modifications. We anticipate that our work will provide not only the significant advances in our understanding of epigenetic mechanisms operating in microbial eukaryotes but also basis to expand our perspective on regulation of development in fungal pathogens.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.130-136
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• 2006

Introduction : The sensitivity of tumor cells to radiotherapy is a critical determinant of local control and potential cure in advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC). The emergence of radioresistant tumor cells is an obstacle to cancer therapy. Most radioresistant cells have a higher proportion of cells in the Sphase of the cell cycle and a lower apoptotic fraction than radiosensitive cells. HSV replication is increased in cells that have higher S-phase fractions. NV1066 is an oncolytic herpes simplex virus type-1 mutant. We hypothesized that NV1066 replication and cytotoxicity are increased in radioresistant cells. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the antitumor efficacy of NV1066 to treat radioresistant HNSCC. Methods : Radioresistant cells were selected by treating five HNSCC cell lines with repeated conventional fractionated doses of radiation(2Gy/day), using a Cs-137 irradiator, up to a cumulative dose of 70Gy. Clonogenic cell survival and S-phase fractions were compared between radioresistant and parental radiosensitive cells. The two cell populations were then treated with NV1066 to examine viral replication, by the viral plaque assay and viral cytotoxicity. Results : Fractionated irradiation resulted in the selection of radioresistant cells. Radioresistant cells had a higher S-phase fraction(42.9%) compared to parental cells(26.2%). NV1066 replication in radioresistant cells was 7.4 times higher than in parental cells(p<0.01). Treatment with NV1066 resulted in increased cytotoxicity of 24.5% in radioresistant cells compared to parental cells(p<0.05). Conclusion : NV1066 showed increased viral replication and cytotoxicity in radioresistant HNSCC cell lines. These findings suggest a potential clinical application for this oncolytic viral therapy as treatment for radioresistant head and neck cancers.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.1011-1019
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• 2000

본 연구는 유입수의 농도, 수리학적 체류시간 및 F/M비와 슬러지 첨전성과의 상관관계를 새롭게 명확히 밝혀 기존에 제시된 각 처리법 즉 장기포기법, 재래식 활성슬러지법, 고율 활성슬러지법 및 수정포기법의 설계조건이 도출된 원인을 밝히고 동시에 이들 기 제시된 설계조건에 관계없이 설계가 가능함을 확인하기 위한 연구이다. 본 실험은 특히 체류시간과 미생물의 침강성을 중심으로 고찰되었는데, 이는 슬러지의 침강성이 기존 각 처리법의 운전조건을 결정하는 주인자$^{1)}$이기 때문이다. 따라서 각각의 처리법에 대해 제시된 설계범위를 벗어날 경우 슬러지는 팽화하는 것으로 알려져 있으며, 설계의 기초를 제공한 Lesperance$^{1)}$의 실험결과에서도 침강성이 확보되지 않는 부하범위가 발생하는 것으로 나타냈다. 위와 같이 일정 조건에서 슬러지가 팽화하는 원인은 Lesperance가 이전 다년간의 실패와 시도로 밝혀진 연속운전이 가능한 것으로 밝혀진 몇몇의 운전조건을 실험조건으로 채용함에 따라 각각의 체류시간에 해당하는 최적의 부하가 적용되지 않았기 때문이다. 하지만 본 실험결과 부하를 적절히 유지할 경우, F/M비 $6.3kg-BOD/kg-MLSS{\cdot}day$ 이하, HRT 0.67hr 이하의 조건에서 슬러지의 침강성이 SVI치 120 이하로 확보될 수 있음을 확인하였다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 체류시간과 그에 해당하는 최적 부하를 제시하였으며, 체류시간이 미생물의 침강성에 결정적 영향인자임을 밝히고, 아울러 본 실험결과를 근거로 이제까지 알려진 처리법에서는 적용된 바 없는 1시간 이하의 체류시간에서 고율 활성슬러지법의 적용 부하치를 수 배 능가하는 새로운 운전법 (UHR : Ultra high rate)도 가능함을 제시하였다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제58권12호
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• pp.472-477
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• 2015

Purpose: Adherence to treatment with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) is a critical determinant of asthma control. The objective of this study was to assess factors that determine adherence to ICS therapy in children with asthma. Methods: Fifty-eight children with asthma, aged 5 to 16 years, used ICS with or without a spacer for 3 months. Adherence rates as measured from questionnaires and canisters, asthma symptom scores, and inhalation technique scores were assessed every 30 days. The degree of supervision by caregivers was assessed at day 30. Results: Adherence rates measured using canisters were lower at day 60 than at day 30 (P=0.044) and did not change thereafter ($74.4%{\pm}17.4%$ at day 30, $66.5%{\pm}18.4%$ at day 60, and $67.4%{\pm}22.2%$ at day 90). Adherence rates at days 60 and 90 and during the total study period were significantly different when measured by using questionnaires versus canisters (P<0.001, P=0.022, and P =0.001, respectively). In the comparison of adherence rates repeatedly measured at days 30, 60, and 90 and adherence rates during the total study period among the 3 groups, adherence rates in the high-degree supervision group were significantly higher than those in the low-degree supervision group ($82.0{\pm}16.0$ vs. $66.1{\pm}14.5$, $75.4{\pm}14.4$ vs. $56.2{\pm}18.4$, $75.0{\pm}18.3$ vs. $55.0{\pm}19.7$ [P=0.027]; $77.9{\pm}12.2$ vs. $59.1{\pm}11.4$ [P=0.021]) after adjustment for sex and age. Conclusion: The level of caregiver supervision is an important factor affecting adherence to ICS therapy in children with asthma. Therefore, a high degree of supervision may be required to increase adherence to ICS therapy in children with asthma.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.299-303
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• 2004

The number of acute drug intoxication who visiting to emergency department which is located near urban and rural area concomitantly is inclined to increase slightly, The purpose of this study was the investigation of methods and strategies of management of acute drug intoxication in emergency department Clinical trials were done on 92 cases of acute drug intoxication visiting to Emergency Department of Chungnam National University Hospital during 4 months from April to July 2003. 1. The total number of acute drug intoxication during this period was 92 patients, which presented 0.95％ of all the emergency department visiting patients during the study. The intentional ingestions were observed in 84 cases (91.3％). 2. The maximal point of age distribution was 4th decade. The number of that was 21 cases (22.8％). 3. The number of patients who had ingested benzodiazepines and doxylamine succinates was 26 cases (28.2％), organophosphorus was 20 (21.7％), paraquat was 10 (10.8％), others were 36 (39.3％). 4. Five kinds of po1ydrug ingestion was observed in 3 cases, four kinds was observed in 3, three kinds was observed in 5 and co-ingestion of alcohol was observed in 28 cases (30.4％). 5. The mortality was occurred in 4 cases, 2 of them were caused by paraquat, 1 of them was caused by organophosphorus (OP), 1 of them was caused by acetic acid. 6. The gastric larvage as a mean of treatment modality was done in 57 cases (61.9％). The use of activated charcoal was done in 8 (8.69％). The maintenance of tracheal intubation was done in 6 (6.52％). 7. The mean observational period in emergency department was 8 hours 42 minutes in benzodiazepine and doxylamine succinate group, 21 hours 46 minutes in OP, 20 hours 39 minutes in other germicidal except OP, 23 hours 9 minutes in paraquat group. Without a drug information and intoxication center in Korea, We should minimize the exhaustion of medical resources by establishment of determinant criteria which can be seen in relatively less-complicated cases of acute drug intoxication. Thus, we should consider the introduction of simple toxicology treatment protocol and toxicologic observation unit in emergency department as possible means to reduce economical and social burdens.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.31-40
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• 1996

비뇨기계 병원성 대장균의 중요한 병원성 인자 중의 하나로 인정되고 있는p-fimbriae의 subtype의 분포를 확인하기 위하여 요로감염증으로 확진된 환자의 혈청을 이용하여 immunoblotting 을 실시하였고, 이와 동시에 효소면역 측정법을 실시하여 p-fimbriae특이 항체 보유를 확인하였다. Immunoblotting 결과 우리나라 요로감염증환자에서 높은 빈도로 확인되는 p-fimbriae subtype의 분포는 $F7_1$34(56.7%), $F7_2$28(46.7%), F13 30(50%)등이 높게 나타났으며, 이와 같은 결과는 효소면역측정법에서도 동일하게 나타났다. 그러나 P-pili를 순수분리하지 않고 whole cell을 이용한 효소면역 측정법은 교차반응 때문에 비뇨기 감염증의 혈청학적인 진단에 적합하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 또 우리 나라의 요로감염 환자에서 항체 양성율이 높은 $F7_1$, $F7_2$, F13만을 혼합하여 항원으로 이용한 효소면역측정법의 특이도와 민감도가 각각 92.6%, 90%로 나타나, 이와 같은 방법을 임상진단에 응용할 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제22권7호
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• pp.1077-1086
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• 2021

Objective: To investigate the diagnostic performance of quantitative ultrasound (US) parameters for the assessment of hepatic steatosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) using magnetic resonance imaging proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF) as the reference standard. Materials and Methods: In this single-center prospective study, 120 patients with clinically suspected NAFLD were enrolled between March 2019 and January 2020. The participants underwent US examination for radiofrequency (RF) data acquisition and chemical shift-encoded liver MRI for PDFF measurement. Using the RF data analysis, the attenuation coefficient (AC) based on tissue attenuation imaging (TAI) (AC-TAI) and scatter-distribution coefficient (SC) based on tissue scatter-distribution imaging (TSI) (SC-TSI) were measured. The correlations between the quantitative US parameters (AC and SC) and MRI-PDFF were evaluated using Pearson correlation coefficients. The diagnostic performance of AC-TAI and SC-TSI for detecting hepatic fat contents of ≥ 5% (MRI-PDFF ≥ 5%) and ≥ 10% (MRI-PDFF ≥ 10%) were assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. The significant clinical or imaging factors associated with AC and SC were analyzed using linear regression analysis. Results: The participants were classified based on MRI-PDFF: < 5% (n = 38), 5-10% (n = 23), and ≥ 10% (n = 59). AC-TAI and SC-TSI were significantly correlated with MRI-PDFF (r = 0.659 and 0.727, p < 0.001 for both). For detecting hepatic fat contents of ≥ 5% and ≥ 10%, the areas under the ROC curves of AC-TAI were 0.861 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.786-0.918) and 0.835 (95% CI: 0.757-0.897), and those of SC-TSI were 0.964 (95% CI: 0.913-0.989) and 0.935 (95% CI: 0.875-0.972), respectively. Multivariable linear regression analysis showed that MRI-PDFF was an independent determinant of AC-TAI and SC-TSI. Conclusion: AC-TAI and SC-TSI derived from quantitative US RF data analysis yielded a good correlation with MRI-PDFF and provided good performance for detecting hepatic steatosis and assessing its severity in NAFLD.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.1-18
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 천안시, 아산시의 $100m{\times}100m$격자 내에 집계된 소상공인 분포가 가지는 공간적 의존성(Spatial Dependency)과 공간적 이질성(Spatial Heterogeneity)을 전역적(Global), 국지적(Local) 공간 자기상관(Spatial Autocorrelation)을 통해 측정 및 가시화하였다. 먼저 탐색적 공간데이터 분석방법(ESDA: Explotory Spatial Data Analysis)인 Moran's I Index를 통해 연구지역에서 소상공인 분포의 정적(Positive)공간자기상관이 발생하는 것을 확인하였으며, 국지적 공간자기상관 지표(LISA : Local Indicators of Spatial Association) 중 하나인 Getis-Ord $GI{\ast}$를 통해 공간자기상관의 국지적 패턴을 가시화하였다. 이를 통해 소상공인 상가점포의 입지요인 분석 시 적용할 변수와의 관계에 대해 공간회귀모형의 적용이 타당함을 증명하였으며, 소상공인의 분포와 모바일 트래픽 기반의 시간대별 유동인구, 토지이용 혼합성 지수 그리고 주거지, 상점, 도로망, 교통결절점과의 공간영향관계를 지리가중 회귀분석(GWR : Geographically Weighted Regression)을 통해 분석하였다. 최종적으로 다중공선성(Multicollinearity)이 발생했던 버스정류장 접근성, 오후시간대 유동인구, 저녁시간대 유동인구를 제외한 6개의 변수를 적용하였고 GWR 모형이 OLS모형보다 주요통계량에서 모형 설명력이 개선됨을 도출하였다. 분석에 최종적으로 적용된 6가지 변수의 회귀계수와 국지적 결정계수(Local $R^2$)에 대해 연구지역 내에서 공간적으로 변화하는 변수별 영향력을 가시화하였다. 본 연구는 실질적으로 측정된 방식의 유동인구 정보를 적용함으로써 상권을 이용하는 도시민의 동적 정보를 반영한 것이 상권분석을 수행한 다른 연구들과 차별적인 성격을 가진다. 마지막으로 이러한 동적정보와 변수들의 공간적 상호작용을 구조화하기 위해 미시적 공간단위에서 공간통계학(Spatial Statistical)적 모형 적용을 통해 상권분석의 새로운 프레임을 제시하였다는 점에서 연구적 의의를 가진다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.7-21
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• 1983

For the flexible and rational distribution of limited existing health resources based on measurements of individual risk, the socalled Risk Approach is being proposed by the World Health Organization as a managerial tool in maternal and child health care program. This approach, in principle, puts us under the necessity of developing a technique by which we will be able to measure the degree of risk or to discriminate the future outcomes of pregnancy on the basis of prior information obtainable at prenatal care delivery settings. Numerous recent studies have focussed on the identification of relevant risk factors as the Prior infer mation and on defining the adverse outcomes of pregnancy to be dicriminated, and also have tried on how to develope scoring system of risk factors for the quantitative assessment of the factors as the determinant of pregnancy outcomes. Once the scoring system is established the technique of classifying the patients into with normal and with adverse outcomes will be easily de veloped. The scoring system should be developed to meet the following four basic requirements. 1) Easy to construct 2) Easy to use 3) To be theoretically sound 4) To be valid In searching for a feasible methodology which will meet these requirements, the author has attempted to apply the“Likelihood Method”, one of the well known principles in statistical analysis, to develop such scoring system according to the process as follows. Step 1. Classify the patients into four groups: Group $A_1$: With adverse outcomes on fetal (neonatal) side only. Group $A_2$: With adverse outcomes on maternal side only. Group $A_3$: With adverse outcome on both maternal and fetal (neonatal) sides. Group B: With normal outcomes. Step 2. Construct the marginal tabulation on the distribution of risk factors for each group. Step 3. For the calculation of risk score, take logarithmic transformation of relative proport-ions of the distribution and round them off to integers. Step 4. Test the validity of the score chart. h total of 2, 282 maternity records registered during the period of January 1, 1982-December 31, 1982 at Ewha Womans University Hospital were used for this study and the“Questionnaire for Maternity Record for Prenatal and Intrapartum High Risk Screening”developed by the Korean Institute for Population and Health was used to rearrange the information on the records into an easy analytic form. The findings of the study are summarized as follows. 1) The risk score chart constructed on the basis of“Likelihood Method”ispresented in Table 4 in the main text. 2) From the analysis of the risk score chart it was observed that a total of 24 risk factors could be identified as having significant predicting power for the discrimination of pregnancy outcomes into four groups as defined above. They are: (1) age (2) marital status (3) age at first pregnancy (4) medical insurance (5) number of pregnancies (6) history of Cesarean sections (7). number of living child (8) history of premature infants (9) history of over weighted new born (10) history of congenital anomalies (11) history of multiple pregnancies (12) history of abnormal presentation (13) history of obstetric abnormalities (14) past illness (15) hemoglobin level (16) blood pressure (17) heart status (18) general appearance (19) edema status (20) result of abdominal examination (21) cervix status (22) pelvis status (23) chief complaints (24) Reasons for examination 3) The validity of the score chart turned out to be as follows: a) Sensitivity: Group $A_1$: 0.75 Group $A_2$: 0.78 Group $A_3$: 0.92 All combined : 0.85 b) Specificity : 0.68 4) The diagnosabilities of the“score chart”for a set of hypothetical prevalence of adverse outcomes were calculated as follows (the sensitivity“for all combined”was used). Hypothetidal Prevalence : 5％ 10％ 20％ 30％ 40％ 50％ 60％ Diagnosability : 12% 23% 40% 53% 64% 75% 80%.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.575-587
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• 2002

목 적 : 모유수유를 위한 상담과 교육이 언제 이루어지는 것이 좋은지 알기 위하여 임신시 모유수유에 관한 인식을 조사하였다. 방 법: 2000년 7월부터 8월까지의 기간동안 서울과 근교도시(일산, 안산), 충주와 청주, 부산지역의 12개 병 의원의 산부인과에서 산전진찰을 받기 위해 내원한 임신부를 대상으로 본 위원회에서 개발한 설문지를 작성하도록 하였으며 설문요원이 설문기입을 확인하고 회수한 총 1,481매에서 기록이 충실한 1,290 명의 설문을 분석하였다. 결 과 : 1) 임신부의 87.4%가 모유수유를 계획하였으며 분유 6.2%, 혼합수유 4.5%, 결정 못함 1.9%로 임신시 수유계획으로 모유가 가장 많았다. 임신부의 43.0%에서 4-6개월간 수유하려고 계획하였다. 2) 모유수유를 선택한 이유는 모유가 아기에게 좋다고 생각되어서 97.7%로 가장 많았으며 주위에서 권하여 0.9%이었다. 모유수유를 선택하지 않은 이유는 직장 또는 일 41.3%, 모유수유실패경험 17.4%, 모유가 부족할 것 같아서 10.9%, 함몰유두 등 유방의 문제 10.3%, 엄마의 질병 9.4% 등이다. 3) 모유수유에 관한 정보원은 친정어머니 또는 시어머니 33.1%, 육아 출산 전문 잡지와 책 27.1%, 형제 자매 친구 등 18.6%, 신문 텔레비전 라디오 등 대중매체 18.2% 순이었다. 모유수유의 정보원에 따른 모유수유 계획률의 유의한 차이는 없었다(P>0.05). 4) 모유수유에 대한 인식은 100점으로 환산하여 평균 59.7점으로 매우 낮았다. 장점에 대한 7항목의 정답률은 62.0-97.1%, 평균 86.1점이었다. 반면 수유의 실제적인 방법에 대한 13항목은 정답률 17.4-76.2%, 평균 45.3점이었다. 모유수유 계획률은 모유의 장점과 수유방법에 대한 인식의 중앙값 6점 이상인 군에서 유의하게 높았다(P<0.05). 가장 낮은 정답률은 '물젖이라도 계속 수유하는 것이 좋다' 17.4%이었다. 5) 산후조리 도우미로는 친정 식구가 52.3%로 가장 많았고, 산후조리원 22.4%, 시집 식구 10.6% 순이었다. 모유수유 계획률은 유의한 차이가 없었다(P>0.05). 6) 다변량 로지스틱 회귀분석에서 임신부의 취업여부, 모유수유력, 수유법 결정시기와 결정한 사람, 모유 수유의 장점에 대한 인식 등이 모유수유 계획의 중요한 결정인자이었다. 결 론 : 임신부의 대부분이 모유수유를 계획하고 있었으나 수유기간이 4-6개월로 짧았으며 모유의 장점은 충분히 인식하고 있었으나 수유의 방법에 대하여는 올바로 이해하고 있지 못하였다. 모유수유율을 높이기 위하여 국가 정책적으로 모자동실, 출산 휴가 연장, 직장에서의 수유 등 모성복지를 위한 개선책이 필요하며 소아과 의사는 육아 상담시 모유수유로 어려움을 겪고 있는 어머니를 올바르게 이끌고 격려하여야 한다.