• Maritime Security
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.45-72
• /
• 2021

North Korea's cyber capabilities represent a relatively new threat to global financial institutions and foreign governments, particularly the U.S and South Korean governments. Based primarily on publicly available sources, such as journalistic accounts and scholarly publications, this qualitative paper analyzes the ways in which North Korean leader Kim Jong Un has bolstered his country's asymmetric power and advanced his line of byungjin (dual development in the economy and military). Particularly by merging the cyber and maritime domains, North Korean operatives generate more revenue for the regime and helps keep the heavily sanctioned leadership in power. Despite the increased international attention to North Korean hackers, few analysts have examined the important role of cyber in the DPRK's internal political culture, specifically in advancing Kim Jong Un's byungjin line. Cyber fits into the DPRK's longstanding tradition of irregular warfare and guerilla-based armed struggle. Cyber also further advances Kim's personal reputation in the DPRK as an economic innovator and military strategist. This paper pays particular attention to the role of the DPRK's cyber operations in both ideological and maritime contexts. Recently, North Korean hackers have targeted South Korean shipbuilding industries and developed a blockchain scam, known as Marine Chain. North Korean cyber agents have increasingly paid attention to the nexus of cyber and maritime domains in their activities.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.65 no.6
• /
• pp.801-815
• /
• 2022

Objective : To evaluate the stent apposition of a low-profile visualized intraluminal support (LVIS) device in distal internal carotid artery (ICA) aneurysms, examine its correlation with clinical and angiographic outcomes, and determine the predictive factors of ischemic adverse events (IAEs) related to stent-assisted coiling. Methods : We retrospectively analyzed a prospectively maintained database of 183 patients between January 2017 and February 2020. The carotid siphon from the cavernous ICA to the ICA terminus was divided into posterior, anterior, and superior bends. The anterior bends were categorized into angled (V) and non-angled (C, U, and S) types depending on the morphology and measured angles. Complete stent apposition (CSA) and incomplete stent apposition (ISA) were evaluated using unsubtracted angiography and flat-panel detector computed tomography. Dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin 200 mg and clopidogrel 75 mg was administered. Clopidogrel resistance was defined as fewer responders (≥10%, <40%) and non-responders (<10%) based on the percent inhibition (%INH) of the VerifyNow system. These were counteracted by a dose escalation to 150 mg for fewer responders or substitution with cilostazol 200 mg for non-responders. IAEs included intraoperative in-stent thrombosis, transient ischemic attack, cerebral infarction, and delayed in-stent stenosis. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the predictive factors for ISA and IAEs. Results : There were 33 ISAs (18.0%) and 27 IAEs (14.8%). The anterior bend angle was narrower in ISA (-4.16°±25.18°) than in CSA (23.52°±23.13°) (p<0.001). The V- and S-types were independently correlated with the ISA (p<0.001). However, treatment outcomes, including IAEs (15.3% vs. 12.1%), aneurysmal complete occlusion (91.3% vs. 88.6%), and recanalization (none of them), did not differ between CSA and ISA (p>0.05). The %INH of 27 IAEs (13.78%±14.78%) was significantly lower than that of 156 non-IAEs (26.82%±20.23%) (p<0.001). Non-responders to clopidogrel were the only significant predictive factor for IAEs (p=0.001). Conclusion : The angled and tortuous anatomical peculiarity of the carotid siphon caused ISA of the LVIS device; however, it did not affect clinical and angiographic outcomes, while the non-responders to clopidogrel affected the IAEs related to stent-assisted coiling.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• v.45 no.10
• /
• pp.718-728
• /
• 2022

Splicing factor B subunit 4 (SF3B4), a component of the U2-pre-mRNA spliceosomal complex, contributes to tumorigenesis in several types of tumors. However, the oncogenic potential of SF3B4 in lung cancer has not yet been determined. The in vivo expression profiles of SF3B4 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) from publicly available data revealed a significant increase in SF3B4 expression in tumor tissues compared to that in normal tissues. The impact of SF3B4 deletion on the growth of NSCLC cells was determined using a siRNA strategy in A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells. SF3B4 silencing resulted in marked retardation of the A549 cell proliferation, accompanied by the accumulation of cells at the G0/G1 phase and increased expression of p27, p21, and p53. Double knockdown of SF3B4 and p53 resulted in the restoration of p21 expression and partial recovery of cell proliferation, indicating that the p53/p21 axis is involved, at least in part, in the SF3B4-mediated regulation of A549 cell proliferation. We also provided ubiquitination factor E4B (UBE4B) is essential for p53 accumulation after SF3B4 depletion based on followings. First, co-immunoprecipitation showed that SF3B4 interacts with UBE4B. Furthermore, UBE4B levels were decreased by SF3B4 depletion. UBE4B depletion, in turn, reproduced the outcome of SF3B4 depletion, including reduction of polyubiquitinated p53 levels, subsequent induction of p53/p21 and p27, and proliferation retardation. Collectively, our findings indicate the important role of SF3B4 in the regulation of A549 cell proliferation through the UBE4B/p53/p21 axis and p27, implicating the therapeutic strategies for NSCLC targeting SF3B4 and UBE4B.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.22 no.5
• /
• pp.492-501
• /
• 2021

This study was undertaken to identify the perception and sexual attitude of nursing students and obstetrics and pediatric nurses towards unwed mothers, and to identify differences in the general characteristics. Data were collected as a self-reported questionnaire survey from September, 2018 to January, 2019. Subjects included 94 nursing students enrolled at 2 nursing colleges, and 101 nurses of 8 hospitals located in the B & C Metropolitan. The data collected was analyzed by descriptive statistics, frequencies, percentages, means and standard deviations, independent t-test, and one-way ANOVA. Comparing results obtained from nursing students and nurses revealed a statistically significant difference in their overall perception of an unwed mother and sexual attitude. The perception of an unwed mother showed significant differences considering the grade, age and sibling status of nursing students, whereas nurses revealed significantly different perceptions according to their age, occupational position, clinical career, career of current work department, marital status, and children status. Sexual attitude was significantly different for nursing students according to their experience contact with unwed mother, whereas perception of nurses differed significantly for sexual attitude according to experience contact with unwed mother, types of hospital, and marital status. We propose that data obtained from this research can be used as basic data for research and education related to the perception of unwed mothers and sexual attitude of nursing students and nurses.

• Journal of Software Assessment and Valuation
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.101-113
• /
• 2021

In this paper, we introduce a speaker overlap system and look at the process of converting the existed system on the specific framework of artificial intelligence. Speaker overlap is when two or more speakers speak at the same time during a conversation, and can lead to performance degradation in the fields of speech recognition or speaker recognition, and a lot of research is being conducted because it can prevent performance degradation. Recently, as application of artificial intelligence is increasing, there is a demand for switching between artificial intelligence frameworks. However, when switching frameworks, performance degradation is observed due to the unique characteristics of each framework, making it difficult to switch frameworks. In this paper, the process of converting the speaker overlap detection system based on the Keras framework to the pytorch-based system is explained and considers components. As a result of the framework switching, the pytorch-based system showed better performance than the existing Keras-based speaker overlap detection system, so it can be said that it is valuable as a fundamental study on systematic framework conversion.

• Journal of Korean Port Research
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.93-110
• /
• 1992

The most change in this century is supposed to be declination of ideology, and block of world economy. Addition to down full of cold war atmosphere around Northeast Asia, not only economic and social mood in this region is dramatically changed, but also it gave birth to the block of Northeast economy that accerlated new hub of world economy. According to dramatic change of economic surroundings the dynamic potential of growth in this region will be guided to enlarge inter-regional trade and increase volume of trade, thus suggests to grow steadily transportation. cargos in this region will have to arrange the system of delivery and inner transportation, accessary facilities, inter-regional harbors if North America and EC has connected easily. As have accerlated GATT and UR represented multilateralism and regionalism, it has regulated to increase trades of region due to relief of the trade barrier through specific areas has agreed with separately. The flow of regionalism of world economy has appeared to realize EC and NAFTA centered U.S.A, and also has presented to free trade region or one-size market agreement in Asia as APEC, EAEG in Malaysia, and etc. In defense to this block and internationalism of world economy, Pusan has to come forward to the hub of Northeast others has proposed a project to dominate the Northeast, Economy Association Agreement as Far East comprehensive development project in USSR, Hunchun development project in NK, and East Sea development project in PRC, Niigate regional development in Japan, Duman River development project in NK, and East Sea development project in Korea. As this exercise has proceed, Pusan also have arranged development strategy definitely and prepared provisions systematically. Engaging to participate center of delivery system is meant to be completed complex functions, namely the transfer storage processing & assembly function of international commodity. Pusan has ability to be terminal point of TSR. it had been connected to EC as the biggest economy block and TKR as complex transportation root to Far East, it would be the center of inground and seabase delivery terminal to Rotterdom as the biggest container pier and major piers to North-East and South East Asia. In order to provide a Role of 21 century's internationalization, Pusan has appealed to participate in management information research and development connected to Pohang-Ulsan-Changwon-Masan, and has utilized efficiently the resources such as man, material, money and information.

• Maritime Security
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.85-112
• /
• 2022

The maritime blockade has long been used as a means of war in that it serves as a bridge for economic warfare by paralyzing enemy maritime transport, although it is not a decisive battle, and in the Korean War, U.N. forces have achieved significant results in the war with limited maritime blockade through the Clark Line. However, with China emerging as a maritime powers based on its strong naval power, there is a lack of consideration on how to set up a blockade to block maritime activities and how to respond neutral ships or carrying wartime contraband products if war breaks out again on the Korean Peninsula, In addition, since maritime blockade should be used as a sensitive and flexible naval force projection in that it has interests with neutral countries, it should be carefully reviewed in that it can be used only through careful and reasonable judgment considering the principle of ensuring the legality of maritime blockade Therefore, in this study, Reexamine the process of change in the application of the International Law of Blockade, and through this, Derive the basic principle of ensuring the legitimacy of maritime blockade. In addition, by reviewing the application of these basic principles in the waters off the Korean Peninsula at wartime, we presented answers to research questions by reviewing what needs to be done to neutral ships and ships carrying wartime contraband products, and considered the implications for us

• The Mathematical Education
• /
• v.62 no.2
• /
• pp.195-209
• /
• 2023

This study examined the effect and structural relationship of math teachers' teaching ability and class activity types on learners' value perception, confidence, and interest of mathematics at the student level and teacher level. To this end, data from 2nd graders of korea middle school in TIMSS 2019 were applied to the multilevel structural equation model. As a result of the analysis, the teaching ability of math teachers had a positive effect on value perception, confidence, and interest of mathematics at the student level and teacher level. Also, math value perception and math confidence had a positive effect on math interest. and it was confirmed that the teaching ability of math teachers indirectly had a positive effect on math interest by mediating math value perception and math confidence. In addition, the math class activity of applying what was learned to problems had a positive effect on math value perception, but it had a negative effect on math interest. and the class activity of the same ability group had a positive effect on math confidence and math interest. This study presents meaningful implications for math classes in the school field through a multilevel analysis of the student level and the teacher level.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.698-709
• /
• 2023

Purpose: In this paper, we would like to analyze the growth rate of existing urban immersion in the downstream during large-scale urban development and the degree of reduction in existing urban immersion in the downstream when small excellent storage facilities are planned in apartment complexes. Method: A large-scale sewage model was built using the SWMM model of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and the impact of flooding in existing downtown areas downstream was analyzed through simulation. The built model included the development zone, the existing downtown area downstream, and the entire river basin that discharges rainwater. Result: As a result of calculating and simulating the minimum excellent reservoir capacity for each apartment block in the study target area, it was found that the immersion of 4,893㎥ based on one hour, 25,815㎥ based on two hours, and 55,528㎥ based on three hours in the downstream urban area. Conclusion: As in this study, large-scale flooding simulation considering the existing downtown area in the downstream shows a significant increase in flooding in the downstream, and if excellent reservoir capacity is planned for each apartment block before development and the construction of excellent reservoirs is recommended.

• Journal of Creative Information Culture
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.117-134
• /
• 2019

The study is to compare the temperaments and characters of the gifted in invention with those of the genearl students, and also the characteristics of the subgroups of the gifted in invention through the LPA analysis. The results of the study are as follows: First, we compared the results of JTCI (Junior Temperament and Character Inventory) between the students entering Institute of Invention Science Education and the general students; through this comparison, we found out that the gifted in invention are more creative and willing to accept, generally feel more positive, and have the motivation to pursue meaningful goals and values above the personal needs than the non-gifted. Second, through the LPA analysis, the gifted in invention were divided into two subgroups; one group which showed far higher scores on pursuing stimulus, the subscale of temperaments, and slightly higher scores on autonomy, the subscale of characters, and the other group which showed the similar scores on pursuing stimulus and far higher scores on autonomy.