• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.85-91
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• 1996

B-amylase(EC 3.2.1.2) was isolated from the root of arrowroot(Peuria thunbergiana Bentham) with distilled water and then fractionated with ammonium sulfate. Crude extract was partially purified by ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. The enzymatic properties of partially purified $\beta$-amylase were as follows, the enzyme was fractionated with ammonium sulfate between 0.2 and 0.4 saturation, and showed the typical reaction properties of B-amylase producing only maltose from starch. Optinum pH and temperature were pH 6.5, $50^{\circ}C$ respectively. The activity of the enzyme had proportional relations with enzyme protein concentration below 4mg, and had Michaelis constant of 66.7mg% for soluble starch. The enzyme was inhibited by some metal louts such as silver, cadmium, mercury, aluminum, iron and copper.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.30-39
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• 1990

Angelica gigas extract and Cnidium of ficinale extract in Bath essence were determined by high performance liquid chromatography with a UV detector by use of Bondapak C-18 column. Decursin and Ligustilide were used as indicator ingredient for analysis of Angelica gigas extract and Cnidium of ficinale extract. Each indicator ingredient was isolated from each plant and purified using silver-ni-trate treated silica column. Their structure were conformed with IR, NMR and HPLC. The recoveries of Angelica gigas extract and Cnidium officinale extract added to Bath essence sample were 96.5-109.5% and 112-115%.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.32 no.9
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• pp.1195-1208
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• 2022

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have potential applications in medicine, photocatalysis, agriculture, and cosmetic fields due to their unique physicochemical properties and strong antimicrobial activity. Here, AgNPs were synthesized using actinobacterial SL19 strain, isolated from acidic forest soil in Poland, and confirmed by UV-vis and FTIR spectroscopy, TEM, and zeta potential analysis. The AgNPs were polydispersed, stable, spherical, and small, with an average size of 23 nm. The FTIR study revealed the presence of bonds characteristic of proteins that cover nanoparticles. These proteins were then studied by using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and identified with the highest similarity to hypothetical protein and porin with molecular masses equal to 41 and 38 kDa, respectively. Our AgNPs exhibited remarkable antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The combined, synergistic action of these synthesized AgNPs with commercial antibiotics (ampicillin, kanamycin, streptomycin, and tetracycline) enabled dose reductions in both components and increased their antimicrobial efficacy, especially in the case of streptomycin and tetracycline. Furthermore, the in vitro activity of the AgNPs on human cancer cell lines (MCF-7, A375, A549, and HepG2) showed cancer-specific sensitivity, while the genotoxic activity was evaluated by Ames assay, which revealed a lack of mutagenicity on the part of nanoparticles in Salmonella Typhimurium TA98 strain. We also studied the impact of the AgNPs on the catalytic and photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange (MO). The decomposition of MO was observed by a decrease in intensity of absorbance within time. The results of our study proved the easy, fast, and efficient synthesis of AgNPs using acidophilic actinomycete SL19 strain and demonstrated the remarkable potential of these AgNPs as anticancer and antibacterial agents. However, the properties and activity of such particles can vary by biosynthesized batch.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.791-796
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• 2003

Polyphenol oxidase isoforms were purified from the lotus roots using 50% acetone precipitation, conventional chromatographies of Q-Sepharose and hydrophobic interaction, and high performance liquid chromatographies of Mono-Q and Superdex 75 gel-filtration. Molecular mass of a purified PPO isoform (LPIII-2) was determined to be 56 kDa using gel-filtration chromatography. The active form of LPIII-2 appeared to bea heterodimer, as purified LPIII-2 on SDS-PAGE gel showed two bands that were determined to be 28 kDa and 26 kDa. To further characterize PPO, partially purified PPO isoforms (LP-II, LP-III) were obtained from Q-Sepharose anion-exchange chromatography. In substrate specificity, the partially purified PPO isoform LP-II showed a high affinity to catechol, while LP-III showed a high affinity to pyrogallol. The optimum pH of LP-II and LP-III was pH 7.0. Interestingly, the partially purified PPO isoforms showed high activities at low temperatures $(0{\sim}5^{\circ}C)$, and as temperatures rose, the activities decreased. Both PPO isoforms were stable at $40^{\circ}C$ and were inactivated by incubation at $60^{\circ}C$ for 40 min.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.295-299
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• 2011

The content of hesperidin in the mixed tea, which was composed of dried orange peel, laurel leaf, mulberry leaf, silver magnolia leaf, oriental melon tap, cassia seed, and licorice root, was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Hesperidin was quantified by a reverse phase column with gradient solvent system (watcr:acetonitrile = 80:20 to 35:65 for 30 min) and UV/VIS detection (280 nm). The How rate was kept constant at 1.0 ml/min. The content of hesperidin in the mixed tea was measured in depending on extraction time 1, 2, 3, and 4 min (29.07, 52.39, 52.45, and 88.35 mg/g, respectively).

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.57-65
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• 1993

The fatty acid, all $cis-{\Delta}^{5,11,14}-C_{20:3}$, in the Gingko nuts oils, was isolated and, purified by urea-adduct method, silver ion silica gel chromatography and HPLC equipped with reversed phase ${\mu}-Bondapak$ $C_{18}$ column. Its structural elucidation was conducted by IR and $^1H$-, $^{13}C$-NMR technique. The fatty acid composition of seed oils mainly consists of linoleic acid(37.73%), vaccenic acid(18.30%), oleic acid(15.18%), palmitic acid(3.37%), palmitoleic acid(3.37%) and ${\Delta}^5$ NMDB fatty acids(8.50%) in which all $cis-{\Delta}^{5,11,14}-C_{20:2}$ predominates.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.27 no.8
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• pp.1519-1528
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• 2017

Foodborne contamination and salmonellosis caused by Salmonella Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) are a significant threat to human health and poultry enterprises. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), which are naturally secreted by gram-negative bacteria, could be a good vaccine option because they have many biologically active substances, including lipopolysaccharides (LPS), outer membrane proteins (OMPs), and phospholipids, as well as periplasmic components. In the present study, we purified OMVs derived from S. Enteritidis and analyzed their characteristics through silver staining and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In total, 108 proteins were identified in S. Enteritidis OMVs through liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analysis, and OMPs, periplasmic proteins, and extracellular proteins (49.9% of total proteins) were found to be enriched in the OMVs compared with bacterial cells. Furthermore, native OMVs used in immunizations by either the intranasal route or the intraperitoneal route could elicit significant humoral and mucosal immune responses and provide strong protective efficiency against a lethal dose (~100-fold $LD_{50}$) of the wild-type S. Enteritidis infection. These results indicated that S. Enteritidis OMVs might be an ideal vaccine strategy for preventing S. Enteritidis diseases.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.107-111
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• 2006

Kernel oils of Lindera erythrocarpa seeds had high level of unusual fatty acid. Picolinyl ester of this unknown fatty acid showed molecular ion at m/z = 317 with other diagnostic ions such as m/z = 151, 191 (40 amu between two peaks), 204, and 218 on GC-MS. Characteristic peak at $720\;cm^{-1}$ appeared in IR spectrum. In $^1H-NMR$ spectrum both methylene protons at C-3 and C-6 resonated at ${\delta}2.309$ and ${\delta}2.012$, and methine protons of double bond resonated in lower magnetic field centered at ${\delta}5.296$ (C-4) and ${\delta}5.387$ (C-5) as multiplet (J = 9.7Hz). In $^{13}C-NMR$, signals at ${\delta}22.669$ and ${\delta}27.048$ were due to C-3 and C-6 of ${\delta}^4$-monoenoic acid. Results obtained from spectroscopic measurements confirmed unknown fatty acid as cis-4-tetradecenoic acid (cis-4-$C_{14:1}$). Main fatty acid components of oils were cis-4-$C_{14:1}$ (44.5-45.1%), oleic acid ($C_{18:1}$), 20.4-21.3%), and lauric acid ($C_{12:0}$, 11.6-12.4%), along with trace amounts of cis-4-$C_{12:1}$ and cis-4-$C_{16:1}$.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 1999

Transforming growth factor $\beta$1(TGF-$\beta$1) has potentials to be used as a new therapeutic agent. However, studies with TGF-$\beta$ were hindered by its high cost. In this study, we developed an improved method to purify TGF-$\beta$1 from human platelets, for which four purification steps were used: platelet extraction, gel filtration, cation exchange chromatography, and reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. After a final step of purification, a pure protein with a molecular weight of 25,000 corresponding to the commercially available TGF-$\beta$1 was obtained, which were confirmed by silver staining and Western blotting after SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). It was confirmed by the inhibitory effects of TGF-$\beta$1 on a mink lung epithelial cell line that the purified TGF-$\beta$1 had its biological activity, whose activity is slightly higher than that of the commercially available TGF-$\beta$1. About 3.7$\mug of the purified TGF-$\beta$1 was obtained from 10 units of concentrated human platelets, the final yield of which is about 21%.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.487-492
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• 2015

The effects of chemical structure of alkyl groups of norbornene carboxylic alkyl esters(methyl, octyl, 4-chlorobenzyl) and endo/exo ratios of norbornene monomers on activity of palladium catalyst and polymerization behavior were investigated. Norbornene ester monomers were synthesized from the reaction of 5-norborene-2-carboxylic acid and various alcohols. Polymerization catalyst, di-${\mu}$-chloro-bis(-methoxybicyclo[2,2,1]-hept-2-ene)palladium(II) (DCBMP), was synthesized according to the literature procedure and silver hexafluoroantimonate ($AgSbF_6$) was used as a conjugate anion source. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were the principal techniques for polymer characterization and $^1H$ NMR spectroscopy was used for chemical structures determination of monomers and polymers. For all of the norbonene alkyl esters GPC data showed that when the amounts of endo isomers exceeded those of exo isomers decreased molecular weight polymers were obtained probably due to the decreased catalyst activity. Polymerizations were conducted by varying the monomer/catalyst mole ratios (100:1, 200:1, 300:1). When 300:1 monomer/catalyst ratio was employed it was possible to synthesize high molecular weight ($M_n=27500g/mol$), film forming polymer from exo-norbornene carboxylic acid octyl ester.