• Mycobiology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.119-122
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• 2004

The intergenic spacer(IGS) sequence of Fusarium oxysporum have been reported to provide reliable information concerning intraspecific variation and phylogeny of fungal species. The eleven strains of Fusarium oxysporum and its formae speciales belonging to section Elegans were compared with sequencing analysis. The direct sequencing of partial IGS was carried out using PCR with primer NIGS1(5'-CTTCGCCTCGATTTCCCCAA-3')/NIGS2(5'-TCGTCGCCGACAGTTTTCTG-3') and internal primer NIGS3(5'-TCGAGGATCGATTCGAGG-3')/NIGS4(5'-CCTCGAATCGATCCTCGA-3'). A single PCR product was found for each strain. The PCR fragments were sequenced and revealed a few within species polymorphisms at the sequence level. The size of partial IGS sequencing of F. oxysporum was divided into three groups; $526{\sim}527$ bp including F. o. f. sp. chrysanthemi, cucumerinum, cyclaminis, lycopersici, and fragariae; $514{\sim}516$ bp including F. o. f. sp. lilii, conglutinans, and raphani; 435 bp for F. o. f. sp. cucumerinum from Korea. Sequence analysis of PCR products showed that transitions were more frequent than transversions as well as the average numbers of substitution per site were range 0.41% to 3.54%.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.14-19
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• 2000

Variation at 25 allozyme loci in Korean wateralder (Alnus hirsuta Rupr.) from nine distinct populations was measured to estimate the amount and pattern of genetic diversity and population structure. The mean genetic diversity within population was 0.166. Korean alder populations have slightly high levels of genetic diversity compared to those present in associated temperature-zone species and two Canadian alder species. Among population s genetic differentiation accounted for an significant 9% of the total variation. High gene flow(Nm=2.63) was observed. Analysis of fixation indices, calculated for all polymorphic loci in each population, showed a substantial deficiency of heterozygotes relative to Hardy-Weinberg expectations. The mean GST value A. hirsuta in Korea (GST = 0.087) is similar to those of A. rogosa in Canada (GST = 0.052). These low values of GST in two countries. reflecting little spatial genetic differentiation, may indicate extensive gene flow (via pollen and/or seeds) and/or recent colonization. These factors reduce the effect of geographic isolation of breeding and the chance for genetic divergence. A pattern of increasing is observed with increasing rainfall per year. Regression analysis indicates that 54% (F = 4.67) of the variability observed can be explained by this relationship.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.42-45
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• 2014

Even though to discard the waste FRP (Fiber-Reinforced Plastic) is urgent and problematic, the way to do it has not been efficient. In our project team the FRP have been splitted into some layers which have different physical properties; mat and roving layers. Among those, the roving layer woven like a basket by bundles of glass fibers has been cut into reusable fibers called 'F-fiber'. F-fiber is 1 mm or 3 mm in width and 3 cm in length. It is used in fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC) with 0.5%, 0.7%, 1.0%, or 1.5% of volume ratio. Produced FRC was tested in compressive, tensile, and bending stress in contrast to the without-fiber (standard) concrete and 0.1% polypropylene reinforced concrete (PP-FRC). The tensile and bending stresses are more or less those of PP-FRC. The compressive stress, however, is similar (with 3 mm F-fiber) to or lower (with 1 mm F-fiber) than that of standard concrete. Conclusively the usage of the waste FRC in concrete is advised to be limited to the one where the compressive stress is not much critical.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.1-8
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• 1999

Mixing efficiency of the unlike Impinging split triplet injector(FOOF type) were measured to investigate the effect of the momentum ratio variation. $H_2$O/kerosene were used as a propellant simulant. The maximum mixing efficiency occured at the momentum ratio 1.5 (total mixture ratio 1.89). Calculated mixing efficiency of real propellant LOX/Kerosene showed similar trend but maximum efficiency of characteristic velocity occurs at the momentum ratio 2.0(total mixture ratio 2.17). Although there exist a little discrepancy between calculated mixing efficiency based on simulant cold test and hot fire test results, this calculated mixing efficiency can be used to predict hot fire mixing efficiency.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.9
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• pp.1234-1240
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• 2009

Gene flow, genetic structure and differentiation of Kutchi, Mehsana and Sirohi breeds of goat from North-Western India were evaluated based on 25 microsatellite markers so as to support breed conservation and improvement decisions. The microsatellite genotyping was carried out using an automated DNA sequencer. The gene diversity across the studied loci for the Kutchi breed varied from 0.57 (ILST 065) to 0.93 (OarFCB 304, OMHC 1, ILSTS 058) with an overall mean of 0.79${\pm}$0.02. The corresponding values for Mehsana and Sirohi breeds were 0.16 (ILST 008) to 0.93 (OMHC 1, ILSTS 058) with an average of 0.76${\pm}$0.04, and 0.50 (ILSTS 029) to 0.94 (ILSTS 058) with an average of 0.78${\pm}$0.02, respectively. The Mehsana breed had lowest gene diversity among the 3 breeds studied. All the populations showed an overall significant heterozygote deficit ($F_{is}$). The Fis values were 0.26, 0.14 and 0.36 for Kutchi, Mehsana and Sirohi goat breeds, respectively. Kutchi and Mehsana were more differentiated (16%) followed by Mehsana and Sirohi (13%).The measures of standard genetic distance between pairs of breeds indicated that the lowest genetic distance was between Kutchi and Sirohi breeds (0.73) and the largest genetic distance was between Mehsana and Kutchi (1.0) followed by Sirohi and Mehsana (0.75) breeds. Mehsana and Kutchi are distinct breeds and this was revealed by the estimated genetic distance between them. All measures of genetic variation revealed substantial genetic variation in each of the populations studied, thereby showing good scope for their further improvement.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.323-330
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• 1988

The spatial distribution of sea water temperature variation pattern in the South-eastern coastal region of Korea was studied by empirical orthogonal function (E. O. F) analysis in several depths from surface to 300m using the monthly mean water temperature averaged for 23 years, water mass analysis by T. S diagram and sectional diagram of water temperature. Typical type of water temperature variation in this area can be divided into surface (0m-50m), subsurface (100m-150m) and intermediate (200m-300m) layer. The first mode value of water temperature change on the surface layer showed $99\%$ of total variation, and decreased with the increase of the depth. It is deduced to be in the range of $60-70\%$ on the 300m layer. The representative type of water temperature fluctuation by the first mode in each layer is as follows. Water temperature change in the surface layer showed a seasonal variation. In the subsurface layer, it is governed by the interaction of the Tsushima Warm Current water with the cold water and by the heat transfer process from the upper layer. In the intermediate layer, water temperature variation seems to be governed by the advection of the bottom cold water.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.9
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• pp.1393-1400
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• 2018

Objective: This study was carried out to assess the haplotype diversity and population dynamics in cattle populations of Ethiopia. Methods: We sequenced the complete mitochondrial cytochrome b gene of 76 animals from five indigenous and one Holstein Friesian${\times}$Barka cross bred cattle populations. Results: In the sequence analysis, 18 haplotypes were generated from 18 segregating sites and the average haplotype and nucleotide diversities were $0.7540{\pm}0.043$ and $0.0010{\pm}0.000$, respectively. The population differentiation analysis shows a weak population structure (4.55%) among the populations studied. Majority of the variation (95.45%) is observed by within populations. The overall average pair-wise distance ($F_{ST}$) was 0.049539 with the highest ($F_{ST}=0.1245$) and the lowest ($F_{ST}=0.011$) $F_{ST}$ distances observed between Boran and Abigar, and Sheko and Abigar from the indigenous cattle, respectively. The phylogenetic network analysis revealed that all the haplotypes detected clustered together with the Bos taurus cattle and converged to a haplogroup. No haplotype in Ethiopian cattle was observed clustered with the reference Bos indicus group. The mismatch distribution analysis indicates a single population expansion event among the cattle populations. Conclusion: Overall, high haplotype variability was observed among Ethiopian cattle populations and they share a common ancestor with Bos taurus.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.53 no.8
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• pp.617-626
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• 2020

This study investigates changes of bifurcation discharge ratio, flow velocity distributions and characteristics of separation zone due to variation of bifurcation angle by using TELEMAC-2D model. When the bifurcation angle is reduced from 90° to 45° without changing the boundary conditions, the bifurcation discharge ratio increased by 1.5 times from 0.523 to 0.785 because of increasing the radius of curvatures, the inertia force of the downstream flow, and the pressure gradient by the downstream boundary conditions. The bifurcation discharge ratio increases non-linearly whenever the bifurcation angle decreases by 15° intervals from 90° to 45° in flow with the upstream Froude number of 0.45 to 0.74. In flow with a maximum Froude number of 0.74, the rate of increase for bifurcation discharge ratio is 31.1% and the minimum value. When the Froude number is 0.58, the bifurcation discharge ratio is 0.7 or less, and the maximum rate of increase for that ratio is 53.5%. As the upstream Froude number decreases less than 0.58, the bifurcation discharge ratio exceeds 0.7, and the rate of increase decreases. When the upstream Froude number is 0.4 higher, the dimensionless width and length changing ratio of the separation zone are about 2.56 and 5.5 times higher than in 0.4 or less.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.481-485
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• 1992

In order to upgrade native sheep, Rambouillet (R) rams were mated to Kaghani (K) ewes to generate F1 ($R{\times}K$) crossbred ewes. Crossbred ewes were backcrossed to Rambouillet rams to produce B1 ($R{\times}F1$), B2 ($R{\times}B1$) and B3 ($R{\times}B2$) genotypes. Weaning weight of 2605 lambs and wool weight of 2378 mature ewe records, representing R, K, F1, B1, B2 and B3 genotypes, were analyzed to compare genetic variation among genotypes produced during upgrading process and identify genotypes of the highest performance. Performance of Rambouillets was also evaluated under semi-temperate climate. Data were adjusted for yearly variation considering Rambouillet as a control. Genotypes influenced lambs weaning weight (p<.01). B1 lambs were heaviest (18.4 kg) followed in order by B2, F1, B3, R and K lambs (18.3, 17.9, 16.9, 16.8 and 13.2 kg, respectively). The highest wool production was 2.5 kg from R ewes followed by B2 (2.3), B3 (2.3), F1 (2.0) and K (1.2) ewes (p < .01). Ewe mating weight, reproduction, growth and wool production of Rambouillets deteriorated significantly after the first decade of their importation. Compared with the first phase (1959-1971), ewe mating weight, litter size, birth weight, lamb weaning weight and wool production declined by 20, 23, 32 and 36%, respectively, in the second phase (1972-1988).

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.91-98
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• 2013

This paper investigated Korean prosody as it relates to graded internal structure in an identification function. Within Korean prosody, variants regarded as dialectal variations can appear as different prosodic scales, which contain the range of within-category variations. The current experiment was intended to show how the prosodic scale corresponding to the range of within-category differences relates to f0 contours for speakers of two Korean dialects, North Kyungsang and South Cholla. In an identification task, participants responded by selecting an item from two answer choices. The probability of choosing the correct response from the two choices was computed by a logistic regression analysis using intercepts and slopes. That is, the correct response between two choices was used to show a linear line with an s-shape presentation. In this paper, to investigate the graded internal structure of labeling, 25%, 50%, and 75% of predicted probability were assessed. Listeners from North Kyungsang showed progressive variations, whereas listeners from South Cholla revealed random patterns in the internal structure of the identification function. In this paper, the results were plotted using scatterplot graphs, applying the range of within-category variation and predicted probability obtained from the logistic regression analyses. The scatterplot graphs showed the different degree of the responses for f0 scales (i.e., variations within categories). The results demonstrate that the gradient structures of native pitch accent users become more progressive in response to f0 scales.