• 제목/요약/키워드: $W^1_2-bound$

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[ W12 ]-ESTIMATES ON THE PREY-PREDATOR SYSTEMS WITH CROSS-DIFFUSIONS AND FUNCTIONAL RESPONSES

  • Shim, Seong-A
    • 대한수학회논문집
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    • 제23권2호
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    • pp.211-227
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    • 2008
  • As a mathematical model proposed to understand the behaviors of interacting species, cross-diffusion systems with functional responses of prey-predator type are considered. In order to obtain $W^{1_2}$-estimates of the solutions, we make use of several forms of calculus inequalities and embedding theorems. We consider the quasilinear parabolic systems with the cross-diffusion terms, and without the self-diffusion terms because of the simplicity of computations. As the main result we derive the uniform $W^{1_2}$-bound of the solutions and obtain the global existence in time.

담수어의 지질에 관한 연구 1. 붕어(Carassius carassius)의 부위별 지질성분의 분포 (Studies on Lipids in Fresh-Water Fishes 1. Distribution of Lipid Components in Various Tissues of Crucian Carp, Carassius carassius)

  • 최진호;노재일;변재형;최강주
    • 한국수산과학회지
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    • 제17권4호
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    • pp.333-343
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    • 1984
  • 담수어 중 그 분포가 광범위한 붕어를 시료로 하여 육질부, 피부, 내장 등 부위별로 유리 및 결합지질을 추출, silicic acid column chromatography로 중성지질, 당지질 및 인지질로 분획하고 thin layer chromatography(TLC) 및 TLC scanner로 이들 지질획분의 지질 조성을 동정 및 정량하여 부위에 따른 지질 함량을 비교하였다. 또 gas liquid chromatography(GLC)에 의하여 이들 지질의 구성지방산 조성을 분석, 비교하여 몇가지 결과를 얻었기에 보고한다. 1. 부위별 유리 및 결합지질의 함량($7\%$ 수분함량)은 육질부가 $6.22\%$$10.01\%$, 피부가 $9.95\%$$3.56\%$, 내장부가 $9.67\%$$7.36\%$였으며, 각 부위별로 유리지질과 결합지질의 비는 육질부가 1:1.52, 피부가 1:0.35, 내장부가 1:0.76으로 부위별로 상당한 차이가 인정되었다. 2. 지질형태별 구성지질 함량을 비교하여 보면 유리지질은 중성지질이 $71.7{\sim}89.4\%$, 당지질이 $1.0{\sim}10.7\%$, 인지질이 $4.0{\sim}12.7\%$로 되어 있고, 결합지질은 중성지질이 $7.4{\sim}27.9\%$, 당지질이 $5.1{\sim}14.7\%$, 인지질이 $42.3{\sim}63.2\%$로 되어 있어, 유리지질은 주로 중성지질로 되어 있는 반면 결합지질은 인지질로 되어 있었으며, 부위별 상당한 차이가 인정되었다. 3. 지질획분별 구성지질 조성을 비교하여 보면 유리지질 중의 중성지질은 triglyceride(TG)가 $81.91{\sim}88.34\%$로 대부분을 차지하는 반면, 결합지질 중의 중성지질은 esterified sterol(ES) & hydrocarbon(HC)가 $41.00{\sim}59.43\%$으로 가장 높은 함량을 나타내고있었다. 또 유리지질 중의 인지질은 phosphatidyl ethanolamine(PE)가 $54.56{\sim}66.79\%$로 가장 많고 그 다음이 phosphatidyl choline(PC)가 $21.88{\sim}34.28\%$로 되어 있는 반면 결합지질중의 인지질은 PC가 $50.49{\sim}70.57\%$로 가장 많고 그 다음이 PE로 $15.74{\sim}24.92\%$를 차지하고 있었다. 4. 유리 및 결합지질 중의 극성지질의 중요 구성 지방산은 $C_{16:0}\;(17.53\%,\;19.29\%)$, $C_{18:1}\;(24.57\%,\;16.08\%)$, $C_{18:2}\;(8.39\%,\;4.03\%)$, $C_{22:5}\;(1.68\%,\;8.08\%)$, 및 $C_{22:6}$산($6.22\%,\;13.60\%$)으로 되어 있으며, 비극성 지질의 경우 중요 구성지방산은 $C_{16:0}\;(17.67\%,\;24.15\%)$, $C_{16:1}\;(12.81\%,\;5.52\%)$, $C_{18:1}\;(24.13\%,\;13.02\%)$, $C_{18:2}\;(15.47\%,\;8.68\%)$, $C_{22:5}\;(0.88\%,\;4.14\%)$$C_{22:6}$산($1.17\%,\;5.04\%$)으로 되어 있었다. $C_{22:5}$$C_{22:6}$산 등 고도불포화지방산의 함량은 극성 및 비극성지질에 관계없이 유리지질에 비하여 결합지질쪽에 $2{\sim}5$배 정도 높았다. 5. 불포화도(TUFA/TSFA)는 극성지질에서는 결합지질(2.74)이 유리지질(2.02)보다 높았으나 비극성지질에서는 유의성있는 차이를 인정할 수 없었다. monoenoic acid에 대한 polyenoic acid의 비(TPEA/TMEA)는 결합지질($1.09{\sim}l.43$)이 유리지질($0.49{\sim}0.68\%$)보다 $2{\sim}3$배 높았고, 필수지방산 함량은 유리지질($14.14{\sim}16.71\%$)이 결합지질($10.07{\sim}11.31\%$)보다 약간 높았으며, w3 고도불포화지방산 함량은 극성지질($10.15{\sim}27.66\%$)이 비극성지질($4.16{\sim}16.55\%$) 보다 2배이상의 높은 함량을 나타내고 있었다. 6. 부위별 중성지질의 지방산 조성을 비교하여 보면, 중요 구성지방산은 $C_{16:0},\;C_{16:1}\;C_{18:0},\;C_{18:2}$$C_{20:6}$산으로 $C_{16:0}$산은 피부의 결합지질($27.10\%$) 및 내장의 유리지질($24.31\%$)에서 가장 높은 함량을 나타내고 있었고, $C_{16:1}$산은 내장부($13.33\%$$11.22\%$)에 높았으며, $C_{18:0}$산은 유의성있는 차이를 인정할 수 없었다. $C_{18:1}$산은 육질부에서 $27.45\%$(유리) 및 $26.26\%$(결합)로 가장 높았고, $C_{18:2}$산도 육질부에서 $17.60%$(유리) 및 $16.83\%$(결합)로 높은 함량을 나타내고 있었으며, $C_{22:6}$산은 부위에 관계없이 결합지질($5.04{\sim}13.38\%$)이 유리지질($1.11{\sim}1.14\%$)보다 월등히 높았다.

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Synthesis and Fluxionality of a Tungsten-Triosmium Cluster Compound $CpWOs_3(CO)_{11}({\mu}_3-CTol)$

  • Park, Joon T.;Shapley, John R.
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • 제11권6호
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    • pp.531-534
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    • 1990
  • The reaction of $Os_3(CO)_{10}(NCMe)_2$ with a tungsten alkylidyne $Cp(CO)_2W{\equiv}CTol(Cp={\eta}^5-C_5H_5,\;Tol=p-C_6H_4Me)$ produces the compound, $CpWOs_3(CO)_{11}({\mu}_3-CTol)$(1). The structure of compound 1 can be viewed as one in which the metalla-alkyne, $Cp(CO)_2W{\equiv}CTol$, is ${\mu}_3-{\eta}^2-{\bot}$ (perpendicular) bound to an $Os_3(CO)_9$ fragment. Variable-temperature $^{13}C$ NMR spectra of 1 show no evidence for the analogous rotation of the metalla-alkyne molecule as shown alkyne rotation in $Os_3(CO)_9(C_2Tol_2)$ compound. This lack of the metalla-alkyne fluxionality supports the apparent saturated nature of compound 1.

Electronic Spectroscopy and Structure of CLF

  • Vadim A. Alekseev;D. W. Setser
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • 제21권1호
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    • pp.9-22
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    • 2000
  • Optical-optical double resonance experiments have been used to identify and characterize five ion-pair states and several of the bound and repulsive valence states of ClF. This report provides a description of these experiments for $^{35}CIF$ and $^{37}CIF$, and a summary of the current knowledge of the valence and ion-pair states. The important role of perturbations among the rovibronic levels of the bound valence states and their utilization in the double resonance technique is discussed. The ion-pair states of the same symmetry, ${\Omega}$=$0^+$ (E and f) and 1( $\beta$ and G) interact very strongly and the spectroscopy of these states is anomalous and, hence, interesting. Comparison is made to some recent ab initio calculations for ClF. One possible explanation of the irregular vibrational energy levels and rotational constants of the ion-pair states of $O^+$ and 1 symmetry is a crossing of the diabatic potentials of these states. Some currently unresolved questions about ClF spectroscopy are posed for future work. Where appropriate, analogy is made between the electronic states of ClF and the corresponding valence and ion-pair states of $Cl_2.$.

과산화피로인산나트륨의 항균성 및 안정성 (Antimicrobial Activity and Stability of Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate Peroxidate)

  • 이종훈;김일환
    • 한국식품과학회지
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    • 제30권5호
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    • pp.1040-1044
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    • 1998
  • 피로인산나트륨(tetrasodium pyrophosphate)을 과산화수소수에 용해시켜 결정화하면 과산화수소가 피로인산나트륨에 안정하게 결합된 과산화피로인산나트륨(tetrasodium pyrophosphate peroxidate)이 만들어지게 된다. 이 화합물의 식품보존제로서의 사용 가능성을 알아보기 위하여 항균력과 안정성에 대하여 검토해 보았다. 이 화합물은 0.1% (w/v)의 농도에서 항균력을 가지고 있는 것으로 나타났고 그 수용액은 상온에서 80일간 방치하여 과산화수소가 결합된 상태의 과산화피로인산나트륨이 70% 수준으로 잔류하는 안정한 상태로 존재하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 열에도 상당히 안정하여 60분간의 중탕처리에 의해서도 과산화피로인산나트륨이 76% 수준으로 존재하는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 금속이온에 의해서는 상당한 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 식품보존제로 이 화합물을 0.2% (w/v) 사용할 경우 0.03% (v/v)의 과산화수소가 존재하는 것으로 측정되었다. 적용범위, 사용방법 및 과산화수소의 제거법이 개발된다면 장래 식품보존제로 사용될 수 있을 것이다.

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트리튬($^{3}H$)의 단일(單一) 및 만성섭취(晩性攝取)에 대한 한국인(韓國人)의 내부피복(內部被曝) 선량(線量) 계산(計算) (Calculation of Internal Exposure Dose in Korean Man Resulting from Single and Chronic Intake of Tritium)

  • 김장렬;육종철;하정우
    • Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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    • 제8권2호
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    • pp.8-14
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    • 1983
  • 삼중수소의 단일 피폭과 만성피폭에 의한 한국인의 내부피복 선량을 삼단계형모델을 이용하여 계산하였다. 이 모델은 체내수분과 조직체 사이의 삼중 수소의 축적량을 잘 나타내 주는 것이다. 그 결과 삼단계형의 축적 반감기 9, 30과 450일을 사용한 단일 피폭의 총 선량은 1mCi/kg 섭취당 17.64mrad였고 이것의 97%는 체내수분에 있는 삼중수소에 의한 선량이고 나머지 3%는 조직내 삼중수소에 의한 것이다. 그리고 1 mCi/day의 삼중 수소를 섭취하는 만성 피폭의 경우, 총 선량은 85.5mrad/day이었다. 또한 본 연구에서는 한국인에 대한 최대허용 농도값을 선질계수 1을 사용하여 계산하였다. 그 결과, ICRP의 최대허용 농도값은 약 50%가량 낮게 평가되었으므로 한국인의 최대허용 농도값은 ICRP의 결과보다 약 50%높게 책정되어야만 한다.

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Identification of a Pathogen-Induced Glycine max Transcription Factor GmWRKY1

  • Kang, Sang-Gu;Park, Eui-Ho;Do, Kum-Sook
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
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    • 제25권4호
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    • pp.381-388
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    • 2009
  • On screening pathogen-resistant soybean, we identified a WRKY type transcription factor named a Glycine max WRKY1 (GmWRKY1). Expression of GmWRKY1 gene was induced in the soybean sprout by Pseudomonas infection. The GmWRKY1 was expressed in all of the tissues with high levels in stems, leaves and developing seeds. The protein Gm WRKY1 contains highly conserved two WRKY DNA-binding domains having two $C_2-H_2$ zinc-finger motif ($C-X_{4-5}-C-X_{22-23}-H-X-H$) in its N-terminal and C-terminal amino acid sequences. In electrophoresis mobility shift assay, the GmWRKY1 protein bound specifically to W-box elements in the promoters of defense related genes. These results demonstrated that GmWRKY1 is one of the soybean WRKY family genes and the plant-specific transcription factors for defense processes.

Anti-Complementary Properties of Polysaccharides Isolated from Fruit Bodies of Mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus

  • Kweon, Mee-Hyang;Jang, Hyo;Lim, Wang-Jin;Chang, Hyo-Ihl;Kim, Chan-Wha;Yang, Han-Chul;Hwang, Han-Joon;Sung, Ha-Chin
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제9권4호
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    • pp.450-456
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    • 1999
  • A high molecular-weight water-soluble fraction(PO) obtained by the ethanol precipitation of 0.1 N NaOH extracts of the mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus showed 82% anti-complementary activity for complement consumption hemolysis. The PO consisted of 42% carbohydrate (w/w), 50% protein (w/w), and 3% uronic acid (w/w). Fifty-eight percent of the anti-complementary activity decreased by periodate oxidation and 22% by protease digestion, suggesting that the sugar and protein moieties are essential for this activity. Two polysaccharide fractions, PO-IIIa-1 and PO-IIIa-2, with anti-complementary activity were isolated from the PO using DEAE-Sepharose FF followed by Sephadex G-75 and Sepharose CL-6B gel permeation chromatographies. The PO-IIIa-2 was found by HPLC to be nearly homogeneous, with the molecular mass of 531 kDa, and showed 96% $ITCH_{50}$ (inhibition against the total complement hemolysis of deionized water as the control) at a concentration of 1 mg/ml. This fraction contained galactose, mannose, fucose, and glucose with molar ratios of 1.75:1:0.65 and 0.59, respectively. The majority of galactose and mannose units in the PO-IIIa-2 were composed of TGalp1 ->, ->6Galp1->, ->2,6Galp1->, and ->Manp1->. The PO-IIIa-1 (molecular mass of 2000 kDa), exhibiting higher activity than the PO-IIIa-2, was further purified into two fractions, unbound proteoglycan (PO-IIIa-1A) and bound glucomannan (PO-IIIa-lB), by affinity chromatography using ConA-Sepharose CL-4B. The anti-complementary activity of each affinity purified fraction decreased as compared to that of the native PO-IIIa-1 fraction, indicating that the formation of complex between both polysaccharide fractions was necessary for full anti-complementary activity.

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GLOBAL SOLUTIONS OF THE COOPERATIVE CROSS-DIFFUSION SYSTEMS

  • Shim, Seong-A
    • 한국수학교육학회지시리즈B:순수및응용수학
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    • 제22권1호
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    • pp.75-90
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    • 2015
  • In this paper the existence of global solutions of the parabolic cross-diffusion systems with cooperative reactions is obtained under certain conditions. The uniform boundedness of $W_{1,2}$ norms of the local maximal solution is obtained by using interpolation inequalities and comparison results on differential inequalities.

녹두(Vigna radiata W.) 하배축의 오옥신 유발 에틸렌 생성 과정에서 $Ca^{2+}$의 작용 (Role of Calcium on Auxin-Induced Ethylene Production in Etiolated Mungbean(Vigna radiata W.) Hypocotyls)

  • 문혜정
    • Journal of Plant Biology
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    • 제32권4호
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    • pp.265-274
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    • 1989
  • The effect of Ca2+ on auxin-induced ehtylene production in etiolated mungbean (Vigna radiata W.) hypocotyls was studied. Auxin-induced ethylene production by mungbean seedlings which had been germinated in the presence of 5-10mM Ca2+ (High Ca2+ ; HC) is greater than that by seedlings which had been germinated in distilled water (Low Ca2+ ; LC). The effect of Ca2+ on auxin-induced ethylene production was greatly increased after 12hr of incubation period. The stimulation of auxin-induced ethylene production by Ca2+ was specific, since divalent cations, such as Mg2+ and Mn2+ did not enhance auxin-induced ethylene production. Calcium also promoted ethylene evoluation induced by methionine and 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid(ACC). The effect of Ca2+ on auxin-induced ethylene production was not caused by increase in free IAA or ACC contents of hypocotyl tissue. Dimethyl sulfoxide and Triton X-100, that disrupts the emembranes, inhibited ethylene production to a greater extent in LC segments than in HC segments. Addition of Ca2+ to the incubation medium for LC segments resulted in enchancement of ethylene production probalby because the membrane integrity is supported under these conditions. Comparison of activity of Ethylene Forming Enzyme(EFE) in LC and HC hypocotyl segments indicated that the enzyme activity of HC was about 2 times higher than that of L.C. It is suggested that Ca2+ increases the activity of plasma membrane-bound EFE through its stabilizing effect onn the membrane, which in turn brings about promotion of ethylene production.

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