• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제57권6호
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• pp.861-867
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• 2019

차세대 리튬이차전지용 음극활물질로 각광을 받고있는 $Li_4Ti_5O_{12}$는 높은 수명특성, 낮은 비가역용량 그리고 충방전시 부피팽창이 거의 없는 물질이다. 하지만 낮은 전기전도도로 인하여 높은 전류밀도에서는 용량특성이 현저하게 낮아지는 단점을 가지고 있다. 이 문제점을 해결하기 위해 P123을 첨가한 졸-겔법으로 기공구조의 $Li_4Ti_5O_{12}$를 합성하였다. 제조된 샘플들의 물리적 특성을 분석하기 위해 XRD, SEM, BET를 사용하였고, 전기화학적 특성은 사이클테스트, cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)로 분석을 하였다. P123/Ti = 0.01mol의 비율로 만들어진 $Li_4Ti_5O_{12}$에서 가장 균일한 입자사이즈, 높은 비표면적, 그리고 상대적으로 높은 기공의 분포를 보였다. EIS분석 결과 기공구조의 $Li_4Ti_5O_{12}$의 경우 저항을 나타내는 반원의 크기가 현저하게 감소하였으며, 전극 내 저항값이 줄어들었음을 알 수 있었다. 율속 테스트결과 0.2C에서 178 mAh/g, 0.5C에서 170 mAh/g, 5C에서 110 mAh/g 그리고 10C에서 90 mAh/g의 용량을 유지하였고 용량회복율 또한 99%로 매우 우수하였다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제9권10호
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• pp.956-961
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• 1999

초미립 $BaTiO_3$분말을 출발물질로 하고 $\textrm{La}_{3+}$을 0~2 mol% 첨가하여 $1200~1400^{\circ}C$에서 소결하였을 때 $\textrm{La}_{3+}$을 첨가하지 않고 $1350^{\circ}C$ 이상에서 소결한 경우를 제외하고는 모두 110~240 nm의 평균입경을 갖는 초미립의 $\textrm{La}_{3+}$-doped $BaTiO_3$소결체를 얻을 수 있었다. 이 때, 평균입경이 240 nm에서 110 nm로 감소함에 따라 정방정비 (c/a), $90^{\circ}$ 분역의 부피분율, 상온 비유전율, 상전이온도($\textrm{T}_{c}$)에서의 최대 비유전율, $\textrm{T}_{c}$ 에서의 상전이 완만화도 등은 모두 감소하였다. 이와 같은 유전특성의 입경 의존성은 평균입경 감소에 따른 $90^{\circ}$ 분역 생성의 억제 및 그에 따른 내부응력의 영향으로 해석하였다.

• 한국반도체및디스플레이장비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국반도체및디스플레이장비학회 2006년도 추계학술대회 발표 논문집
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• pp.110-114
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• 2006

Dielectric properties of glass-ceramics with fresnoite(Ba2TiSi208) crystals have been investigated in xK20-(33.3-x)BaO-16.7TiO2-50SiO2 ($0{\leq}x{\leq}20mol%$) glasses. The glassy nature was analyzed by differential thermal analyses and glass-ceramics was variable and control table by the processing parameters like time and temperature. Dielectric constant was measured over a temperature from 125K to 425k at frequencies form 100Hz to 1MHz, and laid in the range 16-10. Piezoelectric constant d33 was measured using a YE2703A d33meter and changed from 5.9 to 4.8pCN-1 with x contents. The spontaneous polarization Ps estimated from the hysteresis at ${\pm}1.2kV$ was ${\sim}0.3\;{\mu}C/cm2$ at room temperature.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.125-135
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• 2008

[ $TiO_2$ ] nanotubes for photocatalytic application have been synthesized by hydrothermal method. $TiO_2$ nanotubes are formed by washing process after reaction in alkalic solution. Nanotubes with different morphology have been fabricated by changing NaOH concentration, temperature and time. $TiO_2$ nanoparticles were treated inside NaOH aqueous solution in a Teflon vessel at $110^{\circ}C$ for 20 h, after which they were washed with HCl aqueous solution and deionized water. Nanotube with the most perfect morphology was formed from 0.1 N HCl washing treatment. $TiO_2$ nanotube was also obtained when the precursor was washed with other washing solutions such as $NH_4OH$, NaCl, $K_2SO_4$, and $Na_2SO_3$. Therefore, it was suggested that $Na^+$ ion combined inside the precursor compound slowly comes out from the structure, leaving nanosheet morphology of $TiO_2$ compounds, which in turn become the nanotube in the presence of hydroxyl ion. To stabilize the sheet morphology, the different type of washing treatment solution might be considered such as amine class compounds.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.41-46
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• 1986

When barium titanate was synthesized in solid-solid reaction the abnormal expansion occurred from 90$0^{\circ}C$ to 110$0^{\circ}C$. The equi molecular mixture of $BaCo_3$ and $TiO_2$ was sintered from 90$0^{\circ}C$ to 130$0^{\circ}C$ on the condition of air vacuum and $CO_2$ atomosphere. After that the specimens were tested closely with XDR Dilatometer and SEM The result indicated that: 1, Volume expansion to be synthesized barium titanate in solid-solid reaction was affected by atomosphere sintering. 2. The solid reaction ot fiorm barium titanate in vacuum atomosphere occurred faster than that in air atomosphere. In vacuum atomosphere the maxium volume expansion was about 30% at 90$0^{\circ}C$ for 2hrs, 3. The solid reaction to form barium titanate in 4CO_2$ atomosphere occurred slower than that in air atomosphere. In $CO_2$ atomosphere the maximum volume expansion was 13% at 100$0^{\circ}C$ for 2 hrs. 4. According to the result of x-ray the expanison was caused by the reaction to form $BaTiO_3$ and change $Ba_2TiO_4$ into 4BaTiO_3$.

• 센서학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.101-108
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• 1993

컬러센서를 위한 $TiO_{2}$/Se : Te 이종접합을 고주파 반응성 스퍼터링법과 진공증착법을 이용하여 제작하였다. 제조된 $TiO_{2}$ 막형성의 최적조건은 $1000{\AA}$의 $TiO_{2}$ 두께에서 고주파전력 120 W, 기판온도 $100^{\circ}C$, 산소농도 50% 및 분위기압 50 mTorr였다. 이 때 광투과율은 파장 550 nm에서 85%, 저항률은 $2{\times}10^9{\Omega}{\cdot}cm$, 굴절률은 2.3이었다. 제조된 $TiO_{2}$막은 직접천이형 에너지 밴드구조를 가지며 광학적 밴드갭은 3.58 eV였다. 제조된$TiO_{2}$막을 $400^{\circ}C$에서 30분간 열처리함으로써 광투과율이 파장 $300{\sim}580$ nm범위에서 $0{\sim}25%$까지 개선되었다. 또한 화학양론적 조성비를 조사하기 위하여 AES 분석을 한 결과 Ti 및 0의 조성비는 1 : 1.7로 나타났다. 한편 Se : Te 막형성의 최적조건은 $190^{\circ}C$에서 1분간 열처리했을 때였다. 이러한 조건으로 제조된 Se : Te막의 광학적 밴드갭은 1.7 eV였으며 육방정계구조의 (100) 방향 및 (110) 방향으로 Se : Te 막이 결정화됨을 알 수 있었다. 1000 lux의 조도에서 Se : Te막의 광전변환률은 0.75였다. 또한 Se에 Te를 첨가함으로써 장파장영역의 분광감도가 향상되었다. $TiO_{2}$/Se : Te 이종접합의 분광감도는 가시광 전영역에서 비교적 넓은 분광감도를 나타내었으며, 특히 청색영역에서 a-Si박막보다 우수한 분광감도를 나타내었다.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2006년도 춘계학술논문 발표대회 제6권1호
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• pp.147-153
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• 2006

Photocatalyst reaction has limit of its usage because application range mostly centered on atmosphere purification area. Thus, it is true that an alternative plans are necessary to increase usage of $TiO_2$ as photocatalyst material. (1) The result of flow felt according to $TiO_2$ replacement rate has shown that both of anatase type and rutile type over 12% deviated from desired flow, $110{\pm}5mm$. Consequently, the range below 9% will be suitable when the anatase type $TiO_2$ if used for functional additives if workability is considered. (2) After compressive strength test, replacement rate 6-9% is estimated as suitable range if $TiO_2$ is used as compressive strength material. Rutile type and anatase type are suitable for in early-age strength and long-age strength respectively. (3) It was revealed that bending strength was dramatically decreased when replacement rate was increased. The main reason were the increase of $TiO_2$ doesn't influence hydration reaction and the decrease of bending strength. (4) The result from the water purification properties test using ion-chromatograhpy has shown that the condition with anatase type $TiO_2$ was normally better than rutile type on the same replacement rate.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제26권8호
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• pp.608-613
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• 2013

In this paper, the low-temperature sintering of $TiO_2$ is approached to solve the problem of high temperature sintering which decreases the interconnection between particles or between substrate and particle. $TiO_2$ paste is prepared with Titanium (IV) isopropoxide as the precursor material and calcinate at different conditions (low temperature). In the results, since the changing of temperature and time of sintering, crystalline phase do not change and the intensities of anatase, rutile phase are higher. At $110^{\circ}C$, 7 h sintering condition, crystalline size of anatase and rutile phase are the smallest which are 13.07 and 17.47 nm, respectively. In addition, the highest zeta potential is about 32.77 mV and the repulsive force increases thus leading to the best of the dispersion characteristics between $TiO_2$ particles. Futhermore, DSSCs at that condition exhibits the highest efficiency with the values of $V_{oc}$, $J_{sc}$, FF and ${\eta}$ are 0.69 V, $8.60mA\;cm^{-2}$, 67.93% and 4.06%, respectively.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.328-332
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• 2003

Ceramics of xCaTiO$_3$-(1-x)Li$_{0.5}$Nd$_{0.5}$TiO$_3$(xCT-(1-x)LNT) series have been prepared by the mixed oxide route. Powders were calcined at 110$0^{\circ}C$ ; cylindrical specimens were fired at temperatures in the range 1300-150$0^{\circ}C$. Sintered products were typically 90-95% dense. The microstructures were dominated by angular grains typically 1.3${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ to 3.5 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in size. Twinning in the microstructures was analysed using Electron Back Scattered Diffraction (EBSD). Microwave dielectric properties of xCT-(1-x)LNT at 2.1 GHz ($\varepsilon$$_{r}$, Qxf, and $\tau$r) were 170,3800 GHz and 744 ppm/$^{\circ}C$ for pure CaTiO$_3$ and 80,2000 GHz and -240 ppm/$^{\circ}C$ for LNT. The $\tau$r decreases almost linearly from 744 for pure CaTiO$_3$ to -240 for pure LNT.LNT.T.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2001년도 하계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.693-696
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• 2001

The (Ba$_{0.3}$Bi$_{0.3}$Sr$_{0.4}$)TiO$_3$[BBST] ceramics were prepared by conventional mixed oxide method. The structural properties of the BBST ceramics with sintering temperature were investigated by XRD, SEM, EDS. In the case of BBST ceramics sintered at 1150~135$0^{\circ}C$, the $Ba_{0.5}$Sr$_{0.5}$TiO$_3$and SrBi$_4$Ti$_4$O$_{15}$ phase were coexisted. The 2$\theta$ value of the BST (110) peaks were shifted to the lower degree at the sintering temperature of 130$0^{\circ}C$ and 135$0^{\circ}C$. The grains of the BBST ceramics sintered at 130$0^{\circ}C$ and 135$0^{\circ}C$ were not appeared. Increasing the sintering temperature, the densities of the BBST ceramics were increased. In the BBST ceramics sintered at 130$0^{\circ}C$ and 135$0^{\circ}C$, the mole ratio of Bi was decreased.d.ed.d.d.d.