• Title/Summary/Keyword: $TiH_2$ Quantity

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Manufacturing of mesoporous TiO2 film for dye-sensitized solar cell (염료감응형 태양전지용 나노다공질 TiO$_2$ 전극막의 제조)

  • Lee, Dong-Yoon;Koo, Bo-Kun;Lee, Won-Jae;Song, Jae-Sung
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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    • 2003.07a
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    • pp.308-311
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    • 2003
  • The mesoporous TiO2 film for the dye-sensitized solar cell was prepared by the spin coating using nano particle $TiO_2$ slurry. In order to obtain the good dispersion of nano size $TiO_2$ particles in slurry, the pH of solvent, the sort and quantity of solvent additive and the quantity of surfactant were adjusted. The experimental range of pH was $2\;{\sim}\;4$. The basic solvent for slurry was dilute $HNO_3$ and the solvent additives were ethylene glycol, propylene glycol and butylene glycol. The degree of particle dispersion was indirectly estimated by the viscosity of slurry and the microstructure after sintering. As results, the lower the pH of solvent was the lower the viscosity of the slurry became. The addition of ethylene glycol and propylene glycol to dilute $HNO_3$ brought about the lowering of viscosity and the enhancement of stability in slurry. The addition of surfactant lowered the viscosity of slurry. It was possible to obtain the homogeneous and uniformly dispersed mesoporous TiO2 film using the dilute HNO3 solvent of pH 2 with the addition of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol and neutral surfactant.

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Dye-sensitized Solar Cells with Mesoporous TiO2 Film Manufactured by Spin Coating Methode (스핀코팅법에 의해 제조되어진 나노다공질 TiO2 전극막을 이용한 염료감응형 태양전지)

  • 구보근;이동윤;이원재;김현주;송재성
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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    • v.17 no.9
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    • pp.1001-1005
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    • 2004
  • Rye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a new class of solar cell, which consists of nanoporous TiO$_2$ electrode, dye-sensitizer, electrolyte, and counter electrode. Such cell is operated in sunlight via the principle of photosynthetic electrochemistry. In order to obtain the good dispersion of nano size TiO$_2$ particles In slurry, the pH of solvent, the sort and quantify of solvent additive and the quantity of surfactant were adjusted. As results, the lower the pH of solvent was the lower the viscosity of the slurry became. The addition of ethylene glycol and propylene glycol to dilute HNO$_3$ brought about the lowering of viscosity and the enhancement of stability in slurry. The addition of surfactant lowered the viscosity of slurry. It was possible to obtain the homogeneous and uniformly dispersed mesoporous TiO$_2$ film using the dilute HNO$_3$ solvent of pH 2 with the addition of ethylene glycol and neutral surfactant. DSSC was assembled with TiO$_2$ electrode and Pt electrode, and its photoelectric property was measured using the monochromatic wavelength in the rangee of 350∼700 nm.

The Effect of TiAlN coated Ball End Mill and MQL Cutting Condition on Cutting characteristic of High Hardness Steels (고경도 강재의 MQL 가공시 초경 볼 엔드밀의 TiAlN 코팅 조건이 절삭 특성에 미치는 영향)

  • Park D. S.;Won S. T.;Lee Y. J.;Hur J. H.
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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    • 2004.10a
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    • pp.245-251
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    • 2004
  • This paper is studied on the effect of TiAlN coated Ball End Mill and MQL(Minimum Quantity Lubrication) cutting condition on cutting characteristic of high hardness steels. KP4 steels[HRC32] and STD11[HRC60] heat treated steels were used as the workpiece and WC-Co ball end mill and single and multi layer TiAlN coated ball end mill were utilized in the cutting tests. MQL device was used to spray botanical oil coolant. Result showed that TiAlN coated ball end mill were increased the cutting length than WC-Co ball end mill in the cutting speed[$245{\sim}320m/min$] about $2.3{\sim}5.7$ times for KP4 steels and about $2.5{\sim}4.3$ times far STD11 heat treated steels. The multi layer TiAlN coated ball end mill is good for KP4 steels than single layer coated.

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Solar Detoxification of Trichloroethylene in Waste Water with Slurry Batchtype Photoreactor (Slurry batch형 광화학 반응기를 이용한 폐수 내의 Trichlroethylene의 분해)

  • Lee, Tai-K.;Kim, Dong-H.;Cho, Sug-H.;Auh, Chung-Moo
    • Solar Energy
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    • v.12 no.3
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    • pp.10-20
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    • 1992
  • In this experiment, photochemical reaction has been applied to destroy TCE in water phase. The main target of this work is to investigate the technical feasibility of large scale of solar detoxification reactor for water treatment. The results have revealed that solar detoxification utilizing photon energy from the sun is the most attractive process to decompose organic toxins in water phase at room temperature. The detailed results from this work are as follows; (1) The highest conversion ratio of TCE was obtained by using $TiO_2$, annatase as a photocatalyst among $TiO_2$ anatase, $TiO_2$ rutile and $V_2O_5$ under the same experimental condition. The anatase crystal structure was confirmed with XRD analysis, and its surface area was 7.748 $m^2/g$ from the BET-$N_2$ measurement (2) 0.1 wt% of $TiO_2$ anatase has been adopted as optimal quantity for batch slurry reactor at this experimental conditions. (3) The effect of hydrogen peroxide on the conversion of TCE was investigated. Its optimal quantity was 0.06 vol. % under this experimental conditions. (4) The effect of oxygen on the conversion of TCE also was studied by controlling the head space in photoreactor. Results indicated that sufficient amount of oxygen should be supplied to accomplish the highest conversion rate of TCE in water phase.

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Synthesis of TiO2 by Sol-gel Method and Electrochemical Properties of DSSCs with Controlling pH (졸겔법을 통한 TiO2 합성 및 pH에 따른 DSSC의 전기화학적 특성)

  • Park, A-Reum;Kim, Seon-Hoon;Kim, Doo-Gun;Gu, Hal-Bon;Ki, Hyun-Chul
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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    • v.25 no.8
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    • pp.620-625
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    • 2012
  • The sol-gel method has been widely used to synthesize the $TiO_2$ for dye sensitized solar cells and has advantages of easily fabrication process, controlling the $TiO_2$ phase and getting transparent thin-film composed of the $TiO_2$. In this paper, we synthesized the crystalline $TiO_2$ by sol-gel method controlled by the quantity ratio of Nitric acid and Ammonium hydroxide additives. The best efficiency result was obtained by 0.05 M Ammonium hydroxide and that results of Voc, Jsc, FF, and efficiency were 0.68 V, 3.28 mA/$cm_2$, 58.14 and 5.21%, respectively.

Air Cleaning Unit using Combination of $TiO_2$ Photocatalyst and Pulsed Discharge Plasma (산화티타늄 광촉매와 펄스 방전 플라즈마 조합에 의한 공기정화장치)

  • Hong, Yeong-Gi;Sin, Su-Yeon;Gang, Jeong-Hun;Lee, Seong-Hwa;Jo, Jeong-Su;Park, Jeong-Hu
    • The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers C
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    • v.48 no.10
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    • pp.710-715
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    • 1999
  • The purpose of this work is to develop a high-efficiency air cleaning system for air pollutants such as particulate and gaseous state in indoor environments. In order to enhance a removal efficiency of gaseous state pollutants, we suggested that pulsed discharge plasma be combined with $TiO_2$ photocatalyst (photocatalytic plasma air cleaning unit). We investigated experimentally the basic characteristics of photocatalytic plasma air cleaning unit and measured air pollutants removal efficiency. The wavelength of light radiated from pulsed discharge plasma under the atmospheric condition was 310~380nm. Its energy is enough to excite the $TiO_2$ photocatalyst and it makes a photochemical reaction in the surface of $TiO_2$ photocatalyst. The removal quantity of trimethylamine$((CH_3)_3N)\; was\; 130mg/m^34 which is twice quantity of pulsed discharge plasma without $TiO_2$ phtocatalyst unit. From the result of gas analysis using FT-IR, nitric oxide was not detected and trimethylamine was decomposed to $H_2O\; and \;CO_2$. And trimethylamine removal efficiency was 95%. These experimental results indicate that photocatalytic plasma air cleaning unit is a potential method in removing the pollutants.

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Effect of Ca Ion on the SCR Reaction over VOx/TiO2 (Ca 이온이 VOx/TiO2 SCR 반응에 미치는 영향 연구)

  • Kim, Geo Jong;Hong, Sung Chang
    • Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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    • v.27 no.2
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    • pp.165-170
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    • 2016
  • In this study, we investigated the cause of the decrease in activities of $VO_x/TiO_2$ SCR catalyst used for the burner reactor at a scale of $150000Nm^3/hr$ using X-ray diffraction (XRD), brunauer-emmett-teller (BET), atomic emission spectroscopy inductively coupled plasma (AES ICP), $H_2$ temperature programmed reduction ($H_2$-TPR), and $NH_3$ temperature programmed desorption ($NH_3$-TPD) analysis. Since the crystallization of the $VO_x$ and phase transition of $TiO_2$ did not occur, it was concluded that the catalyst was not deactivated by the thermal effect. In addition, from the elemental analysis showing that a large quantity of calcium was detected but not sulfur, the deactivation process of the $VO_x/TiO_2$ SCR catalyst was mainly caused by Ca but not by $SO_2$. The calcium was also found to decrease the catalytic activity by means of reducing $NH_3$ adsorption.

Development of Wastewater Treatment System by Energy-Saving Photocatalyst Using Combination of Solar Light, UV Lamp and $TiO_2$ (태양광/자외선/이산화티타늄($TiO_2$)을 이용한 에너지 절약형 광촉매 반응 처리시스템 개발)

  • 김현용;양원호
    • Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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    • v.29 no.1
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    • pp.51-61
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    • 2003
  • Pollution purification using titanium dioxide (TiO$_2$) photocatalyst has attracted a great deal of attention with increasing number of relent environmental problems. Currently, the application of TiO$_2$ photocatalyst has been focused on purification and treatment of waste water. However. the use of conventional TiO$_2$ powder photocatalyst results in disadvantage of stirring during the reaction and of separation after the reaction. And the usage of artificial UV lamp has made the cost of photocatalyst treatment system high. Consequently, we herein studied the pilot-scale design to aid in optimization of the energy-saving process for more through development and reactor design by solar light/UV lamp/ TiO$_2$system. In this study, we manufactured the TiO$_2$sol by sol-gel method. According to analysis by XRD, SEM and TEM, characterization of TiO$_2$ sol were nano-size (5-6 nm) and anatase type. Inorganic binder (SiO$_2$) was added to TiO$_2$ lot to be coated for support strongly, and support of ceramic bead was used to lower separation rate that of glass bead The influences were studied of various experimental parameters such as TiO$_2$ quantity, pH, flow rate. additives, pollutants concentration, climate condition and reflection plate by means of reaction time of the main chararteristics of the obtained materials. In water treatment system, variable realtor as solar light/ or UV lamp according to climate condition such as sunny and cloudy days treated the phenol and E-coli(Escherichia coli) effectively.

The Influence of MnO doped on the Radiation Properties of Far-Infrared in Semiconduction PTC Thermistor. (반도성 PTC 서미스터의 원적외선 방사특성에 미치는 MnO의 영향)

  • Song, M.J.;Cho, H.S.;Jang, S.H.;Park, C.B.;Kim, C.H.;Lee, J.U.
    • Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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    • 1991.07a
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    • pp.204-208
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    • 1991
  • In this paper, the radiation properties of a far-Infrared using a PTC thermistor, the $BaTiO_3$+1.63mol% $Al_2O_3$+3.75mol% $SiO_2$+1.25mol% $TiO_2$(1/3 $Al_2O_3+xSiO_2$+(1-x) $TiO_2$; total x: 6.67mol%) ceramics, in order to progress the grade resistivity characteristics, by adding an ethanol solution of $Mn(NO_3){\cdot}6H_2O$ was investigated. The ceramics was fabricated by wet-mill method. The sintering temperature read 1300-1350$[^{\circ}C]$ and the holding time was 3 hours. The quantity of $Sb_2O_3$ and $Al_2O_3$ for an activation of the far-infrared radiation in ceramics was doped. In sintering, R-T property was measured by varying the grade temperature. The anatase-lighting apparatus and microstructures by using XRD and SEM were observed. $Sb_2O_3$. oxides additive. affected the semiconducting and emissivity and MnO was devoted an increase of resistivity. The specimen which only $Sb_2O_3$ is added to was high appeared far-infrared emissivity and Mno was not affacted the far-infrared radiation. The ceramics shows that it is effective in the structure of the human bodies as organic bodies and can be applied as electron device.

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Electrochemical Generation of Chlorine Dioxide Using Polymer Ion Exchange Resin (고분자 이온교환수지를 이용한 의료.식품용 멸균제 이산화염소의 전기화학분해 발생)

  • Rho, Seung Baik;Kim, Sang Seob
    • Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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    • v.23 no.1
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    • pp.86-92
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    • 2012
  • A characteristic study of chlorine dioxide generation by the electrolysis system was performed after chlorite ($ClO_2^-$) is adsorbed from sodium chlorite by a polymer ion exchange resin. A strongly basic anion exchange resin was used and a Ti plate coated with Ru and Ir was used as an electrode. Various parameters such as reaction stirring velocity, reaction temperature, chlorine dioxide product concentration, ion exchange resin content and product maker type for the adsorption quantity in the chlorite adsorption of ion exchange resin were investigated and found the ion exchange resin with the maximum adsorption quantity. A generation trend of chlorine dioxide was observed by the electrolysis system and optimum conditions on the desired value were found using response surface design of DOE (Design of Experiments). The strongly basic anion exchange resin with the maximum adsorption quantity was SAR-20 (TRILITE Gel type II) and the adsorption quantity was around 110 mg/IER (g). Observed generation optimum conditions of chlorine dioxide were constant-current (electrode area base; $A/dm^2$) and flow rate of $N_2$ gas (4.7 L/min) at the desired value of sterilization (900~1000 ppm, 1 h).