• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.321-328
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• 2002

The hormone resistin is associated with type II diabetes mellitus in rodent model. Resistin impairs glucose tolerance and insulin action. A new class of anti-diabetic drugs were called thiazolidinediones (TZDs) downreguates a resistin. Resistin gene expression is induced during adipocyte differentiation and resistin polypeptide is secreted by adipocytes. But, the correlation between increased adiposity and resistin remains unknown. The objectives of this study was to clone a mouse resistin CDNA and to generate transgenic mice overexpressing mouse resistin gene. The pCMV-mus/resistin gene was prepared from previous recombinant pTargeT$^{TM}$-mus/resistin by digestion of Bgl II, and has used for microin- jection into pronuclei of one cell embryos. Mouse resistin expression was detected in transgenic F$_1$mice by RT-PCR. The transgenic mouse with resistin gene expression has heavier body weight which was measured higher level of plasma glucose than that of normal mouse. And in diet-induced experiments, in fasting group, resistin expression was higher than that of re-feeding group. This result demonstrates that the resistin gene overexpressing mice may be became to obesity and be useful as an animal disease model to be diabetes caused by insulin resistance of resistin.n.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.172-177
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• 2002

The steady-static creep behaviors of Ti-6Al-4V alloy, using the constant stress creep tester, were investigated over the temperature range of $510{\sim}550^{\circ}C$(0.42~0.44Tm) and the stress range of 200~275 MPa($20.41{\sim}28.06kg/mm^2$). The stress exponents(n) for the static creep deformation of this alloy were 9.85, 9.35, 9.24 and 8.85 at the temperature of 510, 525, 535 and $550^{\circ}C$, respectively. The stress exponent(n) decreased with increasing the temperature and became close to about 5. The apparent activation energies(Q) for the static creep deformation were 254.4, 241.8, 234.4 and 221.9 kJ/mole for the stress of 200, 225, 250 and 275MPa, respectively. The activation energy(Q) decreased with increasing the stress. From the above results, it can be concluded that the static creep deformation for Ti-6Al-4V alloy was controlled by the dislocation climb over the ranges of the experimental conditions. Larson-Miller Parameter(P) for the crept specimens of Ti-6Al-4V alloy under the static creep conditions was obtained as $P=(T+460)({\log}\;t_r+21)$. The failure plane observed by SEM showed up dimple phenomenon at all range.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.17-21
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• 1997

Cefaclor is a second generation cephalosporin antibiotic that shows a potent antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, when it is orally administered. Due to its patent expiration, a number of generic drugs have been marketed, but not yet elucidated to ensure therapeutic equivalence. In this study, cefaclor capsules manufactured by Chong Kun Dang were bioequivallently assessed by comparing with $Ceclor^{TM}$ introduced originally by Daewoong Lilly. A total of 16 healthy male volunteers were evaluated in a randomized crossover manner with a 2-week washout period. Concentrations of cefaclor in plasma were measured upto 6 hours following a single oral administration of two capsules (500 mg of cefaclor) by high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection. Although the plasma concentration at 6 hours was not detected, the computed half-life of cefaclor was approximately 0.5 hours. The area under the concentration-vs-time curve from 0 to 4 hours $(AUC_{0-4h})$ was calculated by the trapezoidal summation method. The differences in mean values of $AUC_{0-4h}$, peak plasma concentration $(C_{max})$, and time to peak concentration $(T_{max})$ between the two products were $4.63\%,\;1.84\%,\;and\3.28\%$, respectively. The least significant differences at $\alpha4= 0.05 for $AUC_{0-4h},\;C_{max},\;and\;T_{max}\;were\;6,53\%,\;4.05\%,\;and\;6.47\%$, respectively. In conclusion, the test drug was bioequivalent with the reference drug.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.367-376
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• 2009

본 임상연구는 상아질지각과민증을 치료하기 위한 여러 가지 방법 중 효과적인 방법의 하나로 알려져 있는 불소(NaF)를 이용하여 불소테이프(SCMC-T-5)를 개발, 제조하고, 이를 이용하여 상아질 지각과민 치료 효과를 기존의 불소바니쉬(Cavity $Shield^{TM}$)와 비교, 평가하였다. 상아질 지각과민증이 있는 건강한 20대 남녀 22명(88개 치아)이 본 임상연구에 참가하였으며, 각각 11명씩 불소테이프를 부착시킨 실험군과 불소바니쉬를 도포한 대조군으로 분류하였다. 불소 제제는 제조사의 지시에 따라 적용되었으며, 불소 제제 도포 전, 도포 3일후, 1주일 후, 4주일 후 대상치아에 압축공기와 얼음막대를 이용하여 자극을 가한 뒤 visual analog scale(VAS)을 이용하여 통증 정도를 표시하도록 하였다. 실험군에서 VAS scores는 초기에 38.636(air), 62.273(ice), 3일 후 30.273(air), 49.545(ice), 1주일 후 28.182(air), 40.000(ice), 4주일 후 26.364(air), 37.727(ice)이었으며, 초기 VAS socres에 비해 모든 VAS scores는 통계학적으로 유의성 있게 감소되었다. 대조군에서 VAS scores는 초기에 42.274(air), 65.909(ice), 3일 후 34.091(air), 55.909(ice), 1주일 후 28.636(air), 40.909(ice), 4주일 후 27.727(air), 31.364(ice)이었으며, 3일 후에 시행된 압축공기에 의한 자극검사를 제외한 모든 VAS scores는 초기 VAS socres와 비교했을 때 통계학적으로 유의성 있게 감소되었다. 본 임상연구에 사용된 불소테이프와 불소바니쉬는 상아질 지각과민증을 효과적으로 감소시켰고, 두 약제간의 치료효과의 차이는 없었다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.491-500
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• 2005

한우의 생산이력제에 활용 가능한 20종의 microsatellite marker를 선정하고 다형성지수, F-통계량, 동일개체 출현확률, 친자감별 확률 및 유전적 거리지수 등을 MSA, CERVUS, FSTAT, GENEPOP, API-CALC 및 PHYLIP 프로그램 등을 연계적으로 활용하여 추정하였다. Heter- ozygosity 추정치에 근거하여 선발한 11개의 microsatellite(TGLA53, TGLA227, ETH185, TGLA122, BM4305, INRA23, ILSTS013, BMS1747, BM2113, BM2113, BL1009와 ETH3)는 Applied Biosystems사의 StockMakersTM와 비교하여 100배 정도의 동일개체 출현확률이 낮아 한우의 생산이력제 적용에 보다 효율적인 것으로 나타났다. 또한 DA 유전적 거리지수와 pairwise-FST 추정치를 활용하여 근접지역의 농장간 근연관계의 정도를 파악할 수 있는 자료로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.185-195
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• 2002

급변하는 농업환경을 신속히 파악하고 이에 대처한다는 것은 중요한 일이다. 특히 농경지의 이용형태가 다양화(多樣化)되고 고도화(高度化)됨에 따라 그 필요성이 한층 인정된다. 이에 부응하는 인공위성자료인 Landsat TM을 이용한 우리 나라에 가장 알맞은 지표면 변동탐지 방법에 대한 연구 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 우리 나라에 알맞은 지표면의 변화탐지기법을 찾기 위해 화상간 차이법을 적용하였으며, 동시에 변화탐지도에 대한 평가를 위해 참조자료를 작성한 후 최적 임계값을 구하였다. 여기서 정상적인 참조자료(농경지가 인공물로 변한 경우는 양의 변화, 그 반대면 음의 변화)나 비정상적인 참조자료(인공물이 농경지로 변한 경우는 양의 변화, 그 반대면 음의 변화)로 평가하였다. 또한 최적 임계값은 '평균${\pm}$(표준편차 ${\times}$ T값)'로 하여 구하였다. 1987년부터 1993년까지 6년 동안 가장 결과가 좋은 화상간 차이법은 D1 화상(1.0)으로 정상적인 참조자료로 평가시 카파계수가 68.4%, 전체 정확도는 89.2%로 나타났다. 또한 전체면적 48,436 ha중 음으로 변화된 영역은 3,207 ha(6.6%), 양으로 변화된 영역은 5,117 ha(10.6%)로 밝혀졌다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.493-506
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• 2002

Recently as the esthetic concerns about dental prosthesis have been increased, the nonmetallic post and core systems have been introduced clinically to improve the color and the low optical transmittance of conventional casting metal post and core systems. The purpose of this study was to compare and analyze the optical transmittance and the shade changes of all-ceramic crowns with two nonmetallic post and core systems. The experimental groups were classified as follows : Total 27 specimens(9 samples in each group) were evaluated. Group I : Natural teeth as a control group Group II : CosmoPost and $Empress^{(R)}$ core (Ivoclar-Vivadent, Liechtenstein) Group III : $LIGHT-POST^{TM}$ and $LIGHT-CORE^{TM}$ (Bisco, U.S.A.) In all group, all-ceramic crowns were fabricated with the same shade of IPS $Empress^{(R)}$ II (Ivoclar-Vivadent, Liechtenstein) after abutment preparation, and then two kinds of spectrophotometers, UV 3101 PC (Shimadzu, Japan) and CM 503i (Minolta Co. Ltd. Japan), were used to measure the optical transmittance and the color value. The following results were obtained : 1. The optical transmittance of each group without all-ceramic crowns, was siginificantly decreased in order of Group III, I and II (p<0.05). 2. The optical transmittance of each group with all-ceramic crowns cemented, were siginificantly decreased in order of Group I, II and III (p<0.05). 3. In comparison with the shade of all-ceramic crowns, there were no significant differences between groups regardless of the cementation. 4. In comparison with the shade changes in each group after the cementation of all-ceramic crowns, there were no significant differences between groups. From the above results, it is thought that the selection among materials used in this study doesn't influence greatly the esthetic restoration, because the differences of optical transmittance were so small that those were clinically insignificant.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.696-703
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• 2008

Purpose: To Perform a randomized comparative study investigating the effects of Pelvic Floor Muscle Exercise(PME) and Magnetic Stimulation Therapy(MST) and to identified the problems in each of PME & MST Method: Forty-nine patients with mild stress incontinence were randomly assigned to either of two treatment groups (24 patients in the PME group and 25 in the MST group). The PME group had a video exercising program for 40 times every day during 6 weeks. The MST group was treated with BioCon-2000TM, 2times/ week for six weeks. Pre-test and post-test were performed by Prineometer, 1-hour pad test. and Jackson's BFLUTS questionnaire of Jackson. Collected data were analysed using SAS 9.1 by frequency, Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z. Chi Square-test, t-test, Fisher Exact probability test, Paired t-test, and Wilcoxon's rank sum test. Results: In comparison between before and after PME and MST, statistically significant difference was observed in maximal vaginal pressure, duration of vaginal contraction, amount of urine, and symptom of urination. In the comparison of the effectiveness between PME & MST, only the maximal of vaginal pressure (Z=2.58, p= .010) was significantly different. Conclusion: The factor more effective in the MST group than in the PME group was high compliance.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.35-40
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• 2015

Characterization of microstructures and mechanical properties of 83mm thickness EH36-TM welds produced by the combined flux cored arc (FCA) and electro gas (EG) welding processes has been studied with the two different groove conditions, single-V (SV) and double-V (DV) bevels. The welding consumables used for FCA and EG welding processes were ASME/AWS A5.29 (E81T1-K2) and A5.26 (EG72T), respectively. Experimental results showed that all the mechanical properties of welds such as tensile property, CVN toughness and Vickers hardness met IACS requirements. The tensile strength of EG welded plates were reduced by approximately 4% (DV: 3.8%, SV: 4.2%) compared to the base metal. The hardness value of SV-beveled weld metal was slightly lower than that of DV-beveled one. There were no significant differences as per welding groove conditions except for the weld metal. In addition, at the fusion line, the toughness of SV condition was 20J lower and the weld metal was 40J lower than DV condition, respectively. On the basis of microstructural analysis, grain boundary ferrite (GBF) structures for SV condition were 2 times higher volume fraction than for DV condition and their packet sizes were coarsened to almost double. It was thus suggested that the GBF volume fractions and packet sizes in the weld metal of EH36-TM steel plates are the most important factors affecting the mechanical properties of the combined FCA and EG welded joint. Nevertheless, all the results of welds with both DV and SV conditions were found to be excellent.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2016

Objectives: The objective of this study was to elucidate the effect of Jaeumkanghwatang (JEKHT) on the plasma concentration and pharmacokinetics of tamoxifen in combination therapy as a process of the comprehensive and integrative medicine against breast cancer. Methods: After 50 mg/kg of tamoxifen treatment, JEKHT 100 mg/kg was orally administered within 5 min. The plasma were collected at 30 min before administration, 30min, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 and 24 hrs after end of JEKHT treatment, and plasma concentrations of tamoxifen were analyzed using LC-MS/MS methods. PK parameters of tamoxifen ($T_{max}$, $C_{max}$, AUC, $t_{1/2}$ and $MRT_{inf}$) were analysis as compared with tamoxifen single administered rats. Results: JEKHT did not influenced on the plasma concentrations and pharmacokinetics of tamoxifen after single oral co-administration, within 5min except for some negligible effects on plasma concentration. The $T_{max}$, $C_{max}$, AUC, $t_{1/2}$ and $MRT_{inf}$ of tamoxifen in co-administered rats were quite similar to those of tamoxifen single treated rats. Conclusions: Based on the results of the present study, JEKHT did not influenced on the oral bioavailability of tamoxifen, when they were single co-administered within 5min. However, more detail pharmacokinetic studies should be tested to conclude the possibilities that can be used as comprehensive and integrative therapy with JEKHT and tamoxifen for breast cancers, when they were co-administered, like the effects on the pretreatment of JEKHT and after repeat co-administrations.