• 대한화학회지
• /
• 제7권4호
• /
• pp.238-244
• /
• 1963

前報에서 誘導한 새로운 直線關係式,${\Delta}{\Delta}H^{\neq}=a{\sigma}+b{\Delta}{\Delta}S^\neq$ 및 ${\Delta}{\Delta}F^{\neq}=a{\sigma]+(b-T){\Delta}{\Delta}S^{\neq}$, 의 適用性을 57個反應으로 檢討하였다. 57個反應에 대한 ${\Delta}{\Delta}H^{\neq}-a{\sigma}$, 對 ${\Delta}{\Delta}S^{\neq}$의 直線關係 相關係數의 平均은 0.983이었고 直線으로부터의 標準備差의 平均値는 0.11이었다. 57個反應中 15個反應에 對해서는 Hammett方程式이 成立되지 않었고, 또 大部分의 反應에 對해서 Leffier의 式이 成立하지 않었다. 이와같이 從來의 關係式 이 成立하지 않는 反應도 새로운 關係式으로 設明되며, 그 理由를 檢討해 봄으로써 上記 2式이 더 一般的으로 適用되는 關係式임을 確認하였다.

• 대한화학회지
• /
• 제7권3호
• /
• pp.211-215
• /
• 1963

Inter-relationship between the Hammett equation and the linear enthalpy-entropy effect has been discussed by deriving a new set of equations; ${\Delta}{\Delata}H^{\neq}=a{\sigma}+b{\Delta}{\Delta}S^{\neq}$ and ${\Delta}{\Delta}F^{\neq}=a{sigma}+(b-T){\Delta}{\Delta}S^{\neq}$ where a = -1.36p. Theoretical analysis show that the Hammett, Leffler and Brown equations are special limited forms of these general equations. A necessary and sufficient test of substituent effect can thus be provided by the plot of $({\Delta}{\Delta}H^{\neq}-a{\sigma)$ versus ${\Delta}{\Delta}S^{\neq}$.

• 대한수학회지
• /
• 제42권1호
• /
• pp.111-127
• /
• 2005

Let B and S be the unit ball and the unit sphere in $\mathbb{C}^n$, respectively. Let ${\sigma}$ be the normalized Lebesgue measure on S. Define the Privalov spaces $N^P(B)\;(1\;<\;p\;<\;{\infty})$ by $$N^P(B)\;=\;\{\;f\;{\in}\;H(B) : \sup_{0 where H(B) is the space of all holomorphic functions in B. Let ${\varphi}$ be a holomorphic self-map of B. Let ${\mu}$ denote the pull-back measure ${\sigma}o({\varphi}^{\ast})^{-1}$. In this paper, we prove that the composition operator $C_{\varphi}$ is metrically bounded on $N^P$(B) if and only if ${\mu}(S(\zeta,\delta)){\le}C{\delta}^n$ for some constant C and $C_{\varphi}$ is metrically compact on $N^P(B)$ if and only if ${\mu}(S(\zeta,\delta))=o({\delta}^n)$ as ${\delta}\;{\downarrow}\;0$ uniformly in ${\zeta}\;\in\;S. Our results are an analogous results for Mac Cluer's Carleson-measure criterion for the boundedness or compactness of $C_{\varphi}$ on the Hardy spaces $H^P(B)$.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
• /
• 제34권5호
• /
• pp.311-319
• /
• 2012

Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate the vertical changes of the lip and perioral soft tissue, following orthognathic surgery in skeletal class III patients by a cephalometric analysis of a cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: A total of 20 skeletal class III patients, who had bimaxillary surgery with Le Fort 1 osteotomy and bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy, were included in this study. The surgical plan for maxilla was posterosuperior impaction with the anterior nasal spine, as the rotation center. Further, the surgical plan for mandible was also posterosuperior movement. The soft tissue changes between lateral cephalogram and CBCT were compared. And the correlations between independent variables and dependent variables were evaluated. Results: There were no significant differences of the soft tissues changes between lateral cephalogram and CBCT. Upper lip philtrum length (SnLs), nasolabial angle increased and upper lip vermilion length (LsStms), lower lip length (StmiB'), lower lip vermilion length (StmiLi), lower lip philtrum length (LiB') and soft tissue lower facial height (SnMe') decreased after surgery. Change of SnLs (${\Delta}$SnLs) was influenced by vertical change of menton (${\Delta}$MeV), and change of LsStms (${\Delta}$LsStms) was influenced by upper lip thickness (ULT). Change of StmiLi' (${\Delta}$StmiLi') were influenced by preoperative overjet. Change of StmiB' (${\Delta}$StmiB') were influenced by preoperative overjet, vertical change of lower incisor (${\Delta}$L1V) and horizontal change of posterior nasal spine (${\Delta}$PNSH). Change of LiB' (${\Delta}$LiB') was influenced by ${\Delta}$L1V and ${\Delta}$PNSH. Change of SnMe' (${\Delta}$SnMe') was influenced by ${\Delta}$MeV, horizontal change of upper incisor (${\Delta}$U1H) and horizontal change of lower incisor (${\Delta}$L1H). ${\Delta}$Nasolabial angle was influenced by change of ULT (${\Delta}$ULT). Conclusion: Both soft tissues and hard tissues can be evaluated by CBCT. Posterosuperior rotation of maxillomandibular complex resulted in increase of upper lip philtrum length and nasolabial angle, while the upper lip vermilion length, lower lip philtrum length, lower lip vermilion length, and soft tissue lower facial height showed a decrease.

• 충청수학회지
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.85-101
• /
• 2004

Let A be a Hopf algebra with a linear form ${\sigma}:k{\rightarrow}A{\otimes}A$, which is convolution invertible, such that ${\sigma}_{21}({\Delta}{\otimes}id){\tau}({\sigma}(1))={\sigma}_{32}(id{\otimes}{\Delta}){\tau}({\sigma}(1))$. We define Hopf algebras, ($A_{\sigma}$, m, u, ${\Delta}_{\sigma}$, ${\varepsilon}$, $S_{\sigma}$). If B and C are opposite skew copaired Hopf algebras and $A=B{\otimes}_kC$ then we find Hopf algebras, ($A_{[{\sigma}]}$, $m_B{\otimes}m_C$, $u_B{\otimes}u_C$, ${\Delta}_{[{\sigma}]}$, ${\varepsilon}B{\otimes}{\varepsilon}_C$, $S_{[{\sigma}]}$). Let H be a finite dimensional commutative Hopf algebra with dual basis $\{h_i\}$ and $\{h_i^*\}$, and let $A=H^{op}{\otimes}H^*$. We show that if we define ${\sigma}:k{\rightarrow}H^{op}{\otimes}H^*$ by ${\sigma}(1)={\sum}h_i{\otimes}h_i^*$ then ($A_{[{\sigma}]}$, $m_A$, $u_A$, ${\Delta}_{[{\sigma}]}$, ${\varepsilon}_A$, $S_{[{\sigma}]}$) is the dual space of Drinfeld double, $D(H)^*$, as Hopf algebra.

• 대한화학회지
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.11-14
• /
• 1966

Ethanol-water mixture 內에서 일어나는 p-nitrobenzyl chloride의 solvolysis反應에 대한 熱力學的 parameter를 구하고 이 data를 ${\delta}_M{\Delta}H^{\neq} = a'Y + b{\delta}_M{\Delta}S^{\leq}$에 適用함으로써 反應常數 a'가 50% 이하의 alcohol solvent에서나 50% 이상의 solvent에서 같다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 즉 water-rich solvent에서나 alcohol-rich solvent에서나 solvolysis反應의 mechanism은 변함이 없다는 것을 알았다.

• 멤브레인
• /
• 제11권4호
• /
• pp.143-151
• /
• 2001

고상 반응법을 이용하여 L $a_{0.6}$S $r_{0.4}$ $Co_{0.2}$F $e_{0.8}$ $O_{3-}$$\delta$/ 및 L $a_{0.7}$S $r_{0.3}$G $a_{0.6}$F $e_{0.4}$ $O_{3-}$$\delta$/ 분말을 합성하고 혼합전도체 분리막을 소결하여 제조하였다. 제조된 분리막들은 정확한 페롭스카이트 결정구조를 나타내었으며, 95% 이상의 높은 상대밀도를 나타내었다. 산소이온 변환 능력을 향상시키기 위해 L $a_{0.7}$S $r_{0.3}$G $a_{0.6}$F $e_{0.4}$ $O_{3-}$$\delta$/ disk의 양 표면에 L $a_{0.6}$S $r_{0.4}$Co $O_{3-}$$\delta$/ paste를 스크린 프린팅 방법으로 코팅하였으며 코팅 막은 비교적 치밀한 미세구조를 나타내었다. 코팅되지 않은 L $a_{0.6}$S $r_{0.4}$ $Co_{0.2}$F $e_{0.8}$ $O_{3-}$$\delta$/ 및 L $a_{0.7}$S $r_{0.3}$G $a_{0.6}$F $e_{0.4}$ $O_{3-}$$\delta$/ 분리막과 코팅된 L $a_{0.7}$S $r_{0.3}$G $a_{0.6}$F $e_{0.4}$ $O_{3-}$$\delta$/ 분리막의 산소투과 성능을 비교 실험한 결과, 90$0^{\circ}C$에서 L $a_{0.6}$S $r_{0.4}$ $Co_{0.2}$F $e_{0.8}$ $O_{3-}$$\delta$/ 분리막이 정상상태에서 0.266 mL/min.$\textrm{cm}^2$로 가장 많은 투과량을 보였으며 코팅된 L $a_{0.7}$S $r_{0.3}$G $a_{0.6}$F $e_{0.4}$ $O_{3-}$$\delta$/ 분리막의 정상상태 산소 투과 유속은 최고 0.19 mL/min.$\textrm{cm}^2$ 정도로 코팅되지 않은 분리막에 비해 약 2~3배로 높게 나타났다.정도로 코팅되지 않은 분리막에 비해 약 2~3배로 높게 나타났다.코팅되지 않은 분리막에 비해 약 2~3배로 높게 나타났다. 높게 나타났다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제28권12호
• /
• pp.1484-1493
• /
• 2004

In this study, it induced to a conclusion below by experiment consideration to regarding an effective supercooling ends method of the flow cooling water in a tube of continuous ice making method and the static cooling water in a tube of continuous ice making method which used magneticfluid in a dynamic type ice storage system. Continuous ice making in a tube of the flow cooling water was shortened about 12 minutes until supercooling ends that case which gave vertical eccentricity rotation magnetic field 120rpm than did not provide magnetic field by experimental result that was tested to supercooling ends effect from shape control of magneticfluid. Continuous ice making method in a tube of the static cooling water compared with and reviewed the case that was not provided with the magnetic field and exposed cooling surface instantaneously by magnetic field. It confirmed that supercooling degree $\Delta$ $T_{c}$, $\Delta$ $T_{s}$, and $\Delta$ $T_{w}$ became lower because of heat transfering increasing by the occurrence of natural convection between after cooling starting progress time 1∼3 minutes if it did not give a magnetic field, and peformed the supercooling ends when natural convection occurred confirmed that refrigerating capacity was better. That relation $\Delta$ $T_{c}$, and $t_{e}$/($\Delta$ $T_{c}$-$\Delta$ $T_{s}$) after convection occurred, was not depended on $T_{b}$ and initial temperature if the depth of water and thickness of magneticfluid were regular and it was possible to verify conjecture of tp from $\Delta$ $T_{s}$ and $\Delta$ $T_{c}$.lar and it was possible to verify conjecture of tp from $\Delta$ $T_{s}$ and $\Delta$ $T_{c}$.c}$.>.

• 한국통신학회논문지
• /
• 제11권6호
• /
• pp.411-420
• /
• 1986

本 論文에서는 델타變調(Delta Modualation:DM) 符號器의 入力에 音聲帶域信號를 使用하였을 때 非適應形인 線形變調方式(Linear Delta) Modulation:DOM)과 適應形인 一定係數變調方式(Constant Factor Delta Modulation:CFDM)을 比較하였다. 샘플링레이트(sampling rate)를 16~96kb/s로 變化시키면서 測定, 比較한 結果 20kb/s에서는 適應形이 非適應形보다 信號對量子化雜音比(Signal-to-Quantization Noise Ratio:SQNR)가 8〔dB〕改善되었고 60kb/s에서는 平均 14〔dB〕정도 改善되었다. 특히 雜音이 없는 理想的 채널에서는 最大 SQNR이 거의 비슷하고 CFDM이 LDM보다 넓은 다이나믹범위(Dynamic range)를 가지나 雜音이 있는 채널에서는 CFDM의 誤差率이 증가하여 SQNR이 떨어진다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한수학회보
• /
• 제36권2호
• /
• pp.225-231
• /
• 1999

Let Mf(x) be the Hardy-Littlewood maximal function on $\mathbb{R}^n$. Let $\Phi$ and $\Psi$ be functions satisfying $\Phi$(t) = ${\int^t}_0$a(s)ds and $\Psi(t)$ = ${\int^t}_0$b(s)ds, where a(s) and b(s) are positive continuous such that ${\int^\infty}_0\frac{a(s)}{s}ds$ = $\infty$ and b(s) is quasi-increasing. We show that if there exists a constant $c_1$ so that ${\int^s}_0\frac{a(t)}{t}dt\;c_1b(c_1s)$ for all $s\geq0$, then there exists a constant $c_1$ such that(0.1) $\int_{\mathbb{R^{n}}$ $\Phi(Mf(x))dx\;\leq\;c_2$ $\int_\mathbb{R^{n}}$$\Psi(c_2\midf(x)\mid)dx$ for all $f\epsilonL^1(R^n_$. Conversely, if there exists a constant $c_2$ satisfying the condition (0.1), then there exists a constant $c_1$ so that ${\int^s}_\delta\frac{a(t)}{t}dt=;\leq\;c_1b(c_1s$ for all $\delta$ > 0 and $s\geq\delta$.