• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.108-115
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• 2001

SDH-based SHR networks are the reconfiguration process in case of failure and APS protocol used. In this study, addresses the maximum allowed recovery time in two fiber bidirectional networks. We analyse the APS protocol and derive the Processing time domains of each n order to cope with the maximum reconfiguration time of 50㎳, as specified in the ITU-T standard. We finally analyze the interleaved failures. One is the signal degrade then the signal failure, the other is the signal failure then the signal failure. Any case analysis is carried out. reconfiguration time can be guaranteed.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.59 no.7
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• pp.1199-1205
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• 2010

The recent power system is required to a large size of facilities and high power technology according to increasing power demand. However, it could lead to spoiling the beauty of city and environment problem. The miniaturized facilities with large capacity such as GIS have been required in recent power system. The GIS(Gas Insulated Substation) using the SF6 insulation gas enables to miniaturize facilities with large capacity with high insulation performance. However, the substation installed GIS has required to new design model which is different from the conventional substation. The TRV(Transient Recovery Voltage) analysis on simple circuit may applied by differential equation. However, in case of relatively complicated system, EMTP(Electro Magnetic Transients Program) mainly has been used to design and simulate for transient analysis. This paper mainly design the 22.9 kV GIS system and analyze the transient recovery voltage of main circuit breaker using EMTP/RV. It also enables to easily design the other substation installed GIS with same maker and voltage level because the proposed GIS model consists of separated modules such as busbar, circuit breaker, bushing, CT, PT etc. Eventually, it contributes to comfortably compare the interrupting performance of circuit breaker and system TRV corresponding to the substation system configuration.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.96-99
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• 2005

In this study, we build system and techniques of evaluating the interruption performance of the GCB with experimental method. We constructed a simplified synthetic test circuit of which ability is up to 245kV, 50kA BTF test. And We composed a model test circuit breaker with puffer assisted self blasting type GCB. With this circuit breaker, we carried out the experiment of no load and SLF90. During the tests, we measured the several factors such as stroke, pressure, arc temperature, the voltage and current near the current zero and dI/dt, dV/dt. Arc conductivity before 200ns before current zero which is one of the indexes of the thermal recovery of a GCB was measured. With these kinds of measurement, we could estimate the performance of a GCB fundamentally. Futhermore these results were used to adjust the arc modeling with CFD(computational fluid dynamics) and we could increase the plausibility of the analytical method.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.157-171
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• 2009

Objective : The face is very important for human communication. So facial palsy patients experience not only physical disturbances but also serious emotional stress. Therefore the focus of treatment must be to not only aid the recovery of objective symptoms but also the improvement of subjective quality of life. However there has not been enough Oriental Medical study in this field until now. Thus this study was begun to suggest a useful index for the treatment of facial palsy. Methods : Grade of paralysis, sequelas, and quality of life were used for evaluation. To evaluate Grade of paralysis, House-Brackman Grade was used as the Gross scale and Kim's Grade was used as the Regional scale. Sequelas were evaluated by muscle contraction, synkinesis, NA, and grade of philtrum tilt. Quality of life was evaluated by SF-36v2, Facial Disability Index, and Vas. Results & Conclusion : 1. The change of grade of paralysis between the early and the present time reveals remarkable improvement statistically. 2. There was a remarkable improvement in all parts of quality of life except several areas of SF-36(RP, RE, MH, VT) 3. In only PF(Physical Function) of FDI, quality of life increased remarkably according to the improvement of grade of paralysis. 4. There is the positive relationship among Kim's grade, HB grade and Synkinesis 2. 5. Synkinesis among sequelas has the greatest effect on quality of life. And muscle contraction, change of NA, and grade of philtrum tilt also affect quality to some extent. 6. There was no remarkable relationship between the period of illness and change of quality of life. 7. Change of NA is shown after 3 months of illness and synkinesis becomes worse after 6 months of illness.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.99-106
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• 1998

Purpose : We conducted clonogenic assay using human cancer cell lines (MKN-45, PC-14, Y-79, HeLa) to investigate a correlation between the parameters of radiosensitivity. Materials and Methods : Human cancer cell lines were irradiated with single doses of 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 and 10Gy for the study of radiosensitivity and subrethal damage repair capacity was assessed with two fractions of 5Gy separated with a time interval of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 24 hours. Surviving fraction was assessed with clonogenic assay using $Sperman-H\"{a}rbor$ method and mathematical analysis of survival curves was done with linear-quadratic (LQ) , multitarget-single hit(MS) model and mean inactivation dose$(\v{D})$. Results : Surviving fractions at 2Gy(SF2) were variable among the cell lines, ranged from 0.174 to 0.85 The SF2 of Y-79 was lowest and that of PC-14 was highest(p<0.05, t-test). LQ model analysis showed that the values of $\alpha$ for Y-79, MKN-45, HeLa and PC-14 were 0.603, 0.356, 0.275 and 0.102 respectively, and those of $\beta$ were 0.005, 0.016, 0.025 and 0.027 respectively. Fitting to MS model showed that the values of Do for Y-79. MKN-45, HeLa and PC-14 were 1.59. 1.84. 1.88 and 2.52 respectively, and those of n were 0.97, 1.46, 1.52 and 1 69 respectively. The $\v{D}s$ calculated by Gauss-Laguerre method were 1.62, 2.37, 2,01 and 3.95 respectively So the SF2 was significantly correlated with $\alpha$, Do and $\v{D}$. Their Pearson correlation coefficiencics were -0.953 and 0,993. 0.999 respectively(p<0.05). Sublethal damage repair was saturated around 4 hours and recovery ratios (RR) at plateau phase ranged from 2 to 3.79. But RR was not correlated with SF2, ${\alpha}$, ${\beta}$, Do, $\v{D}$. Conclusion : The intrinsic radiosensitivity was very different among the tested human cell lines. Y-79 was the most sensitive and PC-l4 was the least sensitive. SF2 was well correlated with ${\alpha}$, Do, and $\v{D}$. RR was high for MKN-45 and HeLa but had nothing to do with radiosensitivity parameters. These basic parameters can be used as baseline data for various in vitro radiobiological experiments.

• Korean Journal of Anesthesiology
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• v.71 no.6
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• pp.467-475
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• 2018

Background: The Quality of Recovery-40 (QoR-40) is a widely-used, self-rated, and self-completed questionnaire for postoperative patients. The questionnaire is intended to elicit information from each patient regarding the quality of recovery during the postoperative period. It is noteworthy, however, that an official Korean version of the QoR-40 (QoR-40K) has not been established. The purpose of this study was to develop the QoR-40K by translation and cultural adaptation process and to evaluate the validity and reliability of the QoR-40K. Methods: After pre-authorization from the original author of the QoR-40, the translation procedure was established and carried out based upon Beaton's recommendation to create a QoR-40K model comparable to the original English QoR-40. Two hundred surgical patients were enrolled, and each completed the questionnaire during the preoperative period, on the third day, and 1 month after surgery. The QoR-40K was compared with the visual analogue scale (VAS) and another health-related questionnaire, the Short-form Health Survery-36 (SF-36). The method of validation for QoR-40K included test-retest reliability, internal consistency, and level of responsiveness. Results: Spearman's correlation coefficient for test-retest reliability was 0.895 (P < 0.001), and Cronbach's alpha of the global QoR-40K on the third day after surgery was 0.956. A positive correlation was obtained between the QoR-40K and the mental component summary of SF-36 (${\rho}=0.474$, P < 0.001), and a negative correlation was observed between QoR-40K and VAS (${\rho}=-0.341$, P < 0.001). The standardized responsive mean of the total QoR-40K was 0.71. Conclusions: The QoR-40K was found to be as acceptable and reliable as the original English QoR-40 for Korean patients after surgery, despite the apparent differences in the respective patients' cultural backgrounds.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1997.07a
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• pp.94-96
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• 1997

A mathematical model (hybrid arc model) for arc behaviour in an $SF_6$ puffer gas-blast circuit-breaker has been developed. It has adopted the advantages of integral method and differential method. The method has been applied to model puffer circuit breaker of Noeske et al and good agreement of critical RRRV(Ratio of Rise of Recovery Voltage) has been obtained. Axial or radial distributions of temperature, electric field and arc radius are also presented and analyzed.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.419-425
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• 1997

The pharmacokinetics of DWP20364 (1-cyclopropyl -5-amino-6,8-difluoro-7-(2,7-diazabiclo [3,3,0] oct-4-ene-7-yl)-1,4-dihydro-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid), a novel fluoroquinolone containing C7-bicyc-talc structure, were compared with those of ciprofloxacin (CPFX) after single intravenous (i.v.) and oral (p.o.) administration to rats using microbiological assay (bioassay). After i.v. administration to rats, the plasma concentrations of the two drugs declined biexponentially. The terminal half-lives (t$_{1}$2$\beta$/) of DWP20364 were 110$\pm$ 13.2 min and 117$\pm$3.09 min after i.v. and p.o. administration, respectively, and they were significantly higher than those of CPFX (45.5$\pm$9.52 min and 48.3$\pm$ 12.1 min, respectively). Similar results were also obtained from plasma concentrations and area under the plasma concentration-time curves. The total body clearance of DWP20364, 7.82$\pm$0.37 ml/min/kg was significantly slower than that of CPFX, 27.3 $\pm$ 11.1 m1/ min/kg. Above data suggested that the antimicrobial activity of DWP20364 could be longer than that of CPFX. The urinary recovery after i.v. and p.o. administration of DWP20364 was significantly lower than those of CPFX suggesting that the effect of DWP20364 on urinary tract infection could be lower than that of CPFX. The serum protein binding values of DWP20364 at 2$\mu$g/ml were apparently 91.5~93.1% in rats and human. DWP20364 was distributed by the order of liver, lung, kidney, sf)leon, heart, muscle and brain collected at 30 min after orally administered.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
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• v.16A no.6
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• pp.481-488
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• 2009

GIS is used to isolate large power electrical equipment using SF6 gas. While GIS has simple structure, it has few break down, relatively high reliability. But it is hard to check up faults for reason of pressure. Faults of GIS should have a ripple effect on community and be hard to recovery. Consequently, GIS imports a preventive diagnostic system to find internal faults in advance. It is most important that reliability on the GIS preventive diagnostic system, because it estimates abnormality of system by analysis result of collected data. But, exist system which used central data management is low efficiency, and hard to guarantee timeliness and accuracy of data. To guarantee timeliness and accuracy, the GIS preventive diagnostic system needs accordingly to use a real-time middleware. So, in this paper, to improve reliability of the GIS preventive diagnostic system, we use a middleware based on TMO for guaranteeing timeliness of real-time distributed computing. And we propose an improved GIS preventive diagnostic system applying data acquisition, monitoring and control methods based on the TMO model. The presented system uses the Communication Control Unit(CCU) for distributed data handling which is supported by TMO. CCU can improve performance of the GIS preventive diagnostic system by guaranteeing timeliness of data handling process and increasing reliability of data through the TMO middleware. And, it has designed to take full charge of overload on a data acquisition task had been processed in an exist server. So, it could reduce overload of the server and apply distribution environment from now. Therefore, the proposed system can improve performance and reliability of the GIS preventive diagnostic system and contribute to stable operation of GIS.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.6 no.12
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• pp.55-67
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• 2016

Purpose: The aims of this were to analyse the quantitative research trends and describe the factors influencing health related to quality of life (HRQoL) and instruments used to HRQoL after Intensive care units (ICU) discharge. Methods: This study were included 84 published papers regarding HRQoL after ICU discharge from initial data to December 2015. Results: The majority of papers were performed abroad. Only 4 papers with regard to HRQoL of ICU survivors were performed by nurses. 36 studies (42.8%) were used to measure HRQoL ICU survivors using the SF-36. 29 studies (34.5%) were used to measure HRQoL at 3~6 months after ICU discharge. Older age, longer length of stay at ICU, severity of illness, anxiety and depression were main risk factors to lower HRQoL in ICU patients. Conclusions: This study provides a better understanding of quality of life follwing critical illness. Therefore, further stduy is needed to develop patient centered intervention considered patients'health status and recovery phase. Additionally, large prospective multicenter cohort studies should be required.