• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.301-305
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• 1986

Fatty acid composition of domestic margarines (summer 12, winter 12 kinds) and foreign margarines (U.S.A. 4, Japan 8, Denmark 2 kinds) for home use were determined. The major fatty acids were palmitic acid (16:0), stearic acid (18:0), oleic acid (18:1), linoleic acid (18:2) and linolenic acid (18:3) in all of the margarines. P/S ratios of winter products were $0.40{\sim}l.74$, those of summer products were $0.21{\sim}l.82$ in domestic margarines. Therefore degree of polyunsaturate in winter product was higher than that in summer product. P/S ratios of foreign margarines were $0.82{\sim}2.91$ irrespective of type.P/Sratios of stick and soft type in foreign margarines were similar as $0.82{\sim}2.59,\;0.90{\sim}2.67$, respectively Those of PUFA (polyunsaturated fatty acid) type and LFS (low fat spread) were 2.91, 2.70, respectively.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.26 no.5 s.58
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• pp.509-522
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• 1996

By studying the relationship between the morphology of mandibular symphysis and craniofacial morphology in classIII malocclusion, this study aims at deciding whether the morphogy of mandibular symphysis can be used as a predictor on the growth of mandible. The materials used for this study were the cephalometric radiographs of male class III malocclusion. The subjected age groups were 10-12(G1 group) and 20 and above(G2 group): 50 were selected from each group. Each group was again divided, according to the ratio of symphysis, into Large(L), Average(A), and Small(S). The results of this study were summarized as follows: 1. In average the ratio of symphysis, G2 group showed significantly bigger than G1 group(p<0.05) 2. In both G1 and G2 groups, the ratio of symphysis had no relationship with the measurements on the cranial base and the maxilla(p>0.05). 3. In both G1 and G2 groups, there was not distinct difference in the antero-posterior positions among L, A, S subgroups. 4. L and A subgroups showed significantly larger than S subgroup in lower gonial angle and chin angle in G1 group (p<0.05). 5. In the measurements on the vortical relation of the face, anterior total face height(ATFH) and anterior lower face height(ALFH) of L subgroup were significantly larger than that of S subgroup in G1 group(p<0.05) and also mandible showed a tendency to grow downward vertically. 6. In the measurements on the tooth position and inclination, L subgroup showed as compared with S subgroup a tendency of extrusion of maxillary and mandibular teeth in G1 group, but G2 group showed such tendency only in mandibular teeth. 7. In the measurements on the abnormal growth prediction by Schulhof, in G1, there was no significant difference among L, A, S sugroups. 8. In the correlative analysis of the ratio of symphysis and other measurements, G1 group showed significant correlationships in chin angle, PP/MP angie, ANS-Me and other, while G2 group showed the same only in MP-LIT and MP-LMMC(p<0.05, p<0.01). In summarizing the above, in the G1 group, consisting of young males, no difference was noted in horizontal relation between L and S subgroups; in vertical relation, L subgroup showed a stronger tendency of downward growth of mandible than S subgroup. In adult male G2 group, however, no distinct morphological difference of craniofacial complex by the ratio of symphysis.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.195-198
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• 2007

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of hormones treated (progesterone, and combination of progesterone and estradiol) on the reproductive performance of dairy cattle. The intravaginal CIDR was inserted in the vagina of cow on day 14 (P-7, PE-7), 16 (P-5, PE-5) and 18 (P-3, PE-3) post-insemination to stimulate progesterone secretion with (PE) and without estradiol(P). The CIDR was removed on 7 (P-7, PE-7), 5 (P-5, PE-5) and 3 (P-3, PE-3) days after. The cows for control group were not treated with CIDR or hormones. Conception rate, the duration needed for conception after AI and the number of AI services needed for conception were measured. Conception rate in control, CIDR without estradiol (P-7, P-5 and P-3) and CIDR treated (PE-7, PE-5 and PE-3) cows were 15.8%, 40.0%, 31.5%, 28.6%, 62.5%, 50.0% and 0%, respectively. The days needed for conception after AI in control, P-7, P-5, p-3, PE-7, PE-5 and PE-3 were 64.9, 63.0, 59.1, 8.0, 0.0, 18.9 and 83.3 days, respectively. The days needed for conception in cows treated with CIDR (PE-7) has shown longer than control and PE-3 (p<0.05). The number of AI services needed for conception in control, CIDR (PE-7, PE-5 and PE-3) and CIDR without estradiol treated cows (P-7, P-5 and P-3) were 27, 2.3, 1.9, 1.3, 1.0, 1.7 and 2.8 times, respectively. The number of AI services needed for conception have shown significantly lower in PE-7 compared to control and PE-3.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 2000

Some of thermophilic fungi which has growth-promoting effect on Pleurotus ostreatus were isolated from compost during high temperature fermentation process. The temperature optima of 7 isolated thermophilic fungi were $50^{\circ}C$ on PDA media. Isolated strains S-1 and S-2 have the best mycelial growing rate, so these isolates were expected as excellent thermophilic fungi for high temperature composting and mycelial growing of oyster mushroom. In liquid culture, the optimal pH of thermophilic fungi observed variously, pH 7.0-10.0 but most of thermophilic fungi grow well in pH 8.0-pH 9.0 and the final pH of media after cultured was done pH 5.5-6.0. In liquid culture of thermophilic fungi on the optimal condition, S-2 have the best mycelial growing rate. The growing rate of thermophilic fungi S-1, S-2, S-5, and S-10 on lignocellulosic substrates was good but Humicola grisea var. thermoidea, well know thermophilic fungi which has growth-promoting effect on Agaricus bisporus, was poor and which was well grown on PDA at $50^{\circ}C$, pH 7.0. Isolated strain S-1 was identified as Trichophyton sp. and other 6 strains were identified as Sepedonium sp. by morphological characteristics.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.30 no.1_2
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• pp.161-171
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• 2012

We consider the fourth-order differential equation with one-dimensional $p$-Laplacian (${\phi}_p(x^{\prime\prime}(t)))^{\prime\prime}=f(t,x(t),x^{\prime}(t),x^{\prime\prime}(t)$) a.e. $t{\in}[0,1]$, subject to the boundary conditions $x^{\prime\prime}}(0)=0$, $({\phi}_p(x^{\prime\prime}(t)))^{\prime}{\mid}_{t=0}=0$, $x(0)={\sum}_{i=1}^n{\mu}_ix({\xi}_i)$, $x(t)=x(1-t)$, $t{\in}[0,1]$, where ${\phi}_p(s)={\mid}s{\mid}^{p-2}s$, $p$ > 1, 0 < ${\xi}_1$ < ${\xi}_2$ < ${\cdots}$ < ${\xi}_n$ < $\frac{1}{2}$, ${\mu}_i{\in}\mathbb{R}$, $i=1$, 2, ${\cdots}$, $n$, ${\sum}_{i=1}^n{\mu}_i=1$ and $f:[0,1]{\times}\mathbb{R}^3{\rightarrow}\mathbb{R}$ is a $L^1$-Carath$\acute{e}$odory function with $f(t,u,v,w)=f(1-t,u,-v,w)$ for $(t,u,v,w){\in}[0,1]{\times}\mathbb{R}^3$. We obtain the existence of at least one nonconstant symmetric solution by applying an extension of Mawhin's continuation theorem due to Ge. Furthermore, an example is given to illustrate the results.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.309-317
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate convenience foods at convenience stores, by examining consumption patterns, as well as the degree of checking food-nutrition labeling. In this study, 208 workers in Busan in their 20s or 30s were surveyed using 1:1 interview questionnaires. The weekly usage frequencies of cup-ramyeon, gimbap, ramyeon, and sandwiches were 41.0%, 39.4%, 32.7%, and 19.0% respectively. The usage frequency of convenience foods was 12.0% for 'over 5 times/week', 23.0% for '3~4 times/week', 31.7% for '1~2 times/week', 29.8% for '1~2 times/month', and 3.4% for zero usage. Workers in their 20s showed a significantly (P<0.05) higher rate in the '3~4 times/week' as well as '1~2 times/week' intervals than workers in their 30s. Single people showed a significantly (P<0.01) higher rate than married people. Workers in their 20s showed a significantly higher score for the '3~4 times/week' as well as '1~2 times/week' intervals (P<0.05). The mean score of checking food labeling was 4.02/5.00 for the manufacturer's date, or expiration date, 3.23/5.00 for weight or volume, 2.99/5.00 for cooking method, and 2.85/5.00 for storage method. Females showed significantly (P<0.01) higher rates for checking the manufacturer's date or expiration date, as well as source of the raw material. Single workers showed significantly (P<0.01) higher rates for checking the manufacture's or expiration date as well as storage method. The mean score for checking nutrition labeling was 3.06/5.00 for calories, 2.84/5.00 for trans fat, 2.80/5.00 for sodium, and 2.76/5.00 for cholesterol. Females showed a significantly (P<0.01) higher rate for six of 10 items. Workers in their 20s showed a significantly (P<0.05) higher rate for four of 10 items. Expert officials showed significantly higher rate for six of 10 items (P<0.05) and two of 10 items (P<0.01), respectively.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.170-179
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• 1995

This study was conducted to investigate the genetic constitution of blood proteins and enzymes in 238 Korean Native cattle reared at Korean Native Cattle Breeding Center, National Livestock Cooperative Federation. The genetic polymorphisms of post-transferrin-2(pTf-2), transferrin(Tf), post-albumin(pAlb), albumin(Alb), ceruloplamin(Cp), amylase-I(Am-I) and hemoglobin(Hb) were analyzed by using PAGE(polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) and STAGE(starch gel electrophoresis). The genotypes and gene frequencies were estimated at these loci for each blood proteins and enzymes. The results obtained from this study were summarized as follows : 1. The pTf-2 locus were identified to be genetically controlled by codominant alleles designated pTf-2 F and S, and the distribution of genotypes were 46.22, 46.64 and 7.14% for pTf-2 FF, FS and SS types, and the gene frequencies of the pTf-2 F and S allele were 0,695 and 0.305, respectiveley. 2. The Tf locus were found to be controlled by Tf A, D1, D2 and E alleles, and the distributioin of genotypes were 0.84, 13.87, 13.03, 10.92, 22.27, 12.61, 2.94, 15.51, 6.72 and 1.68% for Tf AA, AD1, AD2, AE, D1D1, D1D2, D1E, D2E and EE types, and the gene frequencies of Tf A, D1, D2 and E were 0.197, 0.430, 0.191 and 0.081, respectively. 3. The pAlb locus were observed to be controlled by two alleles, pAlb F and S, and the distribution of genotypes were 42.86, 33.19 and 23.95% for pAlb FF, FS and SS types, and the gene frequencies were 0.595 and 0.405 for Tf F and S allele, respectively. Also the gene frequencies of Alb was 1.000 of Alb A allele. 4. The Cp locus were identified to be controlled by Cp F and S allele, and the distribution of genotypes were 23.11, 34.87 and 42.02% for Cp FF, FS and SS types, and the gene frequencies were 0.405 and 0.595 for Cp F and S allele, respectively. 5. The Am-I locus were observed to be genetically controlled by Am-I B and C allele, and the distribution of genotypes were 51.26, 16.81 and 31.92% for Am-I BB, BC and CC types, and the gene frequencies of Am-I B and C alleles were 0.597 and 0.403, respectively. 6. The Hb locus were found to be controlled by Hb A and B alleles, and the distribution of genotypes were 93.19, 16.39 and 0.42% for Hb AA, AB and BB types, and the gene frequencies of Hb A and B alleles were 0.914 and 0.086, respectively.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.1422-1432
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• 2014

Convergent all-electron multi-reference configuration-interaction (MRCI) calculations are performed for a lithium dimer with Kaufmann's Rydberg basis functions. A comparison of the results of these calculations with those of the effective core potential/core polarization potential (ECP/CPP) method and experimental data reveals the deficiency of the all-electron ab initio method. The deficiency is related to the mere 51.9% attainment of electron correlation for the ground state. The percent attainment of electron correlation for the first excited state is slightly better than that for the ground state, preventing us from obtaining better agreements with experimental data by means of increasing the size of basis sets. The Kaufmann basis functions are then used with the ECP/CPP method to obtain the accurate convergent potential energy curves for the $^1\prod_u$ states correlated to Li(2p) + Li(2p) and Li(2s) + Li(n = 2, 3, 4). Quantum defect curves (QDCs) calculated for both the $X^2\sum_g$ and 1 $^2\prod_u$ states of the $Li{_2}^+$ ion and the Lu-Fano plot reveal a strong series-series interaction between the two $2snp{\pi}$ and $2pnp{\pi}$ Rydberg series. The QDCs are then used to resolve assignment problems in the literature. The reassignments, performed by Jedrzejewski-Szemek et al., of the dissociation product of the D $^1\prod$ state from (2s+3d) to (2s+3p) and that of the 6 $^1\prod_u$ from (2s+4d) to (2s+4p) are found to be incorrect. It may be more natural to assign their $2snp{\pi}$ Rydberg series as a $2snd{\pi}$ series. The state, assigned as 5p $^1\prod_u$ by Ross et al. and 4d $^1\prod$ by Jedrzejewski-Szemek et al., is assigned as the 7 $^1\prod_u$ state, correlated to the Li(2s) + Li(4f) limit.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.532-542
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• 2007

The purpose of study was to review the transition of dentition according to the evolution of man to know the background of the dental problems like hypodontia and malocclusion. Man is Kingdom Animalia, Phylum Chordata, Class Mammalia, Order Primates, Suborder Haplorrhini, Superfamily Hominoidea, Family Hominidae, Genus Homo, Species Sapiens by taxonomy. The first hominid was Australopithecus which appeared c. 4 millions of years ago and showed bipedalism and distinct dentition. Homos began with H. habilis who appeared c. 2.5 millions of years ago and made stone tools, and then H. erectus and H. neanderthalensis appeared and disappeared until H. sapiens came. The dental formula of primitive mammalians which was I3 C1 P4 M3 changed to I2 C1 P4 M3 of primitive primates, to I2 C1 P3 M3 of Haplorrhini, and to I2 C1 P2 M3 of hominoids. That of H. sapiens is changing to I2 C1 P2 M2.The box type dentition of hominoids changed to the omega type dentition of Australopithecus, and to the parabolic type of H. sapiens. The size of teeth decreased continually, especially the canine and sexual dimorphism. The dentition moved backward and downward to the cranial crown according to the increase of the brain and decrease of the jaws. It was suggested that the change of diet to the starchy foods, food processing, and the development of cooking reduced the necessity of mastication and caused the change of dentition. The future of H. sapiens who is quite a new species in the earth histroy and is now causing the mass extinction of other species is hard to see. It seems that hypodontia and malocclusion are related to the dentition change according to the evolution of man and is likely to increase.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 2022

Mackinawite (FeS), as a ubiquitous reduced iron mineral, is known as a key controller of redox reactions in anaerobic subsurface environment. The reaction of FeS with redox-sensitive toxic element such as arsenic is substantially affected by pH conditions of the given environments. In this study, the interaction of As(V) with FeS was studied under strict anaerobic conditions with various pH conditions. The pH-dependent arsenic removal tests were conducted under wide ranges of pH conditions and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) was applied to investigate the reaction mechanisms under pH 5, 7, and 9. The removal efficiency of FeS for As(V) showed the higher removal of As(V) under low pH conditions and its removal efficiency decreased with increasing pH, and no As(V) reduction was observed in 1 g/L FeS solution. However, XAS analysis indicated the reduction of As(V) to As(III) occurred during reaction between FeS and As(V). The reduced form of As(III) was particularly identified as an arsenic sulfide mineral (As₂S₃) in all pH conditions (pH 5, 7, and 9). As₂S₃ precipitation was more pronounced in pH 5 where the solubility of FeS is higher than in other pH conditions. The linear combination fitting results of XAS demonstrated that As(V) removal mechanism is concerted processes of As₂S₃ precipitation and surface complexation of both arsenic species.