• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.291-295
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• 2011

PD98059 is the specific inhibitor of extracellular signaling-regulated kinase (ERK) kinase (MEK). ERK is involved in a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade controlling cell growth and differentiation. Although the inhibition of ERK is known to induce cell death in various cell lines, this effect is still controversial and the role of PD98059 on the death of HeLa $S_3$ cells, a subclone of the cervical cancer cell line, is not well understood. The apoptosis of HeLa $S_3$ cells increased after the treatment of 50 ${\mu}M$ PD98059. The induction of apoptosis by PD98059 was occurred in a time- and a dose-dependent manners. The expression of Bcl-2 was reduced in accordance with decrease of ERK2 expression. Taken together, these results indicate that PD98059 has a cytotoxicity in HeLa $S_3$ cells and it may be used as a potential target for the treatment of cervical cancer.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.231-234
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• 1991

In the present investigation we have studied the effect of bear's gall on mammalian cells and demonstrated that COS-7 cells, which were derived Monkey kidney cells, had shown almost same extent of growth with 78 hrs in 10% FCS Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's medium with bear's gall and without bear's gall. But the hybridoma cells which were fused murine myeloma cells and the rat spleen cells for monoclonal antibody production died almost within 48 hrs. To investigate the effect of biosynthetic mechanism, cDNA were transfected to COS-7 cells, and it was shown that cDNA-transfected COS-7 cell had produced 30-40% less the amount of recombinant protein than the medium without bear's gall.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.254-261
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• 2002

The fabrication method for the main components of the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell stack such as electrodes, membrane-electrode assemblies, and bipolar plates was established for the effective electrode area of 240 ㎠. A counter-flow type 100-cell stack was fabricated by using the above components and then a maximum power of 7.44 kW for H$_2$/O$_2$ and 5.56 kW for H$_2$/air could be obtained at 70$\^{C}$ and 1 atm. It was seen that the distribution of the OCV for unit cells in the stack was uniform but the voltage deviation increased as the load increased due to the IR drop and the electrode polarization. The stack was applied to the power source of the fuel cell/battery hybrid electric golf car. It produced about 1 kW at a room temperature operation during the test run, which occupied about 43% of the total power required by the 2.3 kW motor.

• BMB Reports
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.345-349
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• 1999

We fused the promoter region of an H3.2 chicken histone gene, whose expression is dependent on the cell cycle, to the 5' coding region of an H3.3 chicken histone gene, which is expressed constitutively at a low level throughout the cell cycle. This fusion gene showed a cell cycle-regulated pattern of expression, but in a different manner. The mRNA level of the fusion gene increase during the S phase of the cell cycle by about 3.7-fold at 6 h and 2.7-fold at 12 h after the serum stimulation. The mRNA level of the intact H3.2 gene, however, increased by an average of 3.6-fold at 6 h and 8.7-fold at 12 h. This different expression pattern might be due to the differences in their 3' end region that is responsible for mRNA stability. The 3' end of the H3.2 mRNA contains a stem-loop structure, instead of a poly(A) tail present in the H3.3 mRNA. We also constructed a similar fusion gene using a H3.3 histone gene whose introns had been eliminated to rule out the possibility of involvement of the introns in cell cycle-regulated expression. The expression of this fusion gene was almost identical to the fusion gene made previously. These results indicate that the promoter region of the H3.2 gene is only partially responsible for its expression during the S phase of the cell cycle.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.263-270
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• 2014

This study reports significant improvement of atopic dermatitis condition as a result of experiment using Xanthium strumarium L. extract (XS-E) at the dorsal skin of induced atopic dermatitis Nc/Nga mice. Skin clinical score has decreased ($2.75{\pm}0.85$, *p<0.05), showing visible change of skin condition. IgE (***p<0.001) and IgG1 ($2522.00{\pm}32.80$, ***p<0.001) in plasma also decreased significantly. mRNA (gene expression) level increased ($RQ=2.75{\pm}0.10$, ***p<0.001) within skin tissue of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg cell that's activated by XS-E dosage, thereby discovering that there is an effect of suppressing proliferation and viability of Th2 cell, eosinophils, mast cell and inflammatory cell. Upon examining cells permeated with H&E and toluidine blue staining technique, thickness of epidermis and mast cell's permeation decreased, and the result of examining the distribution of CCR 3+ eosinophils within ALN showed that it's level fell down to that of wild type (normal group, NC/Nga-WT). By such results, it is suggested that XS-E is highly effective on atopic dermatitis, and it is considered that continued quantitative research and case study of clinical research such as effect of cell number in individual tissues or change of total cell number are necessary.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.187-190
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• 2003

Seven essential oils were tested for in vitro cytotoxicity against the cancerous cell lines A-549, HEp-2 and DLA and normal BRL-3A, NRK-49F and Vero cell lines using standard MTT, SRB and dye exclusion techniques. The A-549 cell line was found to be the most susceptible to all the essential oils. The essential oils of A. nilagirica, A. calamus and O. sanctum were found to be the more active against these cells with mean $CTC_{50}$ values of 17.75, 19.00 and $24.37\;{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. The essential oil of Acorus calamus was found to be the most potent with low $CTC_{50}$ values against the cancerous and comparatively higher $CTC_{50}$ values against the normal cell lines. Artemisia pellens and Pelargonium graveolens oils also showed potent activity. These oils merit further investigation to identify the active principles and nature of the anti tumor activity in animal models.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.161-166
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• 2014

In this study, effects of pyrite ($FeS_2$) particle sizes on the electrochemical characteristics of thermal batteries are investigated using unit cells made of pulverized pyrite by ball-milling. At $450^{\circ}C$ unit cell discharge test, the electrochemical capacity of $1.46{\mu}m$ pyrite-cell largely increases compared to $98.4{\mu}m$ pyrite-cell, and their internal resistances also decrease. These results are attributed to the increase in the active reaction area of pyrite by ball milling. However, at $500^{\circ}C$ unit cell discharge test, a $1.46{\mu}m$ pyrite cell shows lower internal resistance than that of $98.4{\mu}m$ pyrite cell only at Z-phase region ($FeS_2{\rightarrow}Li_3Fe_2S_4$). After that, a $1.46{\mu}m$ pyrite cell shows a decrease in the cell voltage and an rapid increase of the internal resistance in J-phase region ($Li_3Fe_2S_4{\rightarrow}LiFe_2S_4$) is observed compared to those of $98.4{\mu}m$ pyrite cell. It can be concluded that at the higher temperature, the thermally unstable pulverized pyrite is decomposed thermally as well as self discharged, simultaneously, which causes the higher resistance and lower capacity at $500^{\circ}C$ in J-phase than that of $98.4{\mu}m$ pyrite cell.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.140.1-140.1
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• 2003

Permanent cell culture lines derived from human cancer tissue are important experimental models in the study of human cancer cell proliferation. The in vitro effects of C. militaris and its extracted fractions on the human breast cancer (SK-BR3), liver cancer (SK-Hep1, HepG2), kidney cancer (p15), lymphoma (Jurkat) were studied. F1 (CCCA, crude cordycepin containing adenosine), F2 (ethanol precipitation), F3 (ethanol soluble supernatant) and F4 (fraction of through SK-1B) significantly stimulated in vitro cytotoxic in human cancer cell lines. (omitted)

• BMB Reports
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.189-193
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• 2012

Cyst formation is a major characteristic of ADPKD and is caused by the abnormal proliferation of epithelial cells. Renal cyst formation disrupts renal function and induces diverse complications. The mechanism of cyst formation is unclear. mIMCD-3 cells were established to develop simple epithelial cell cysts in 3-D culture. We confirmed previously that Mxi1 plays a role in cyst formation in Mxi1-deficient mice. Cysts in Mxi1 transfectanted cells were showed by collagen or mebiol gels in 3-D cell culture system. Causative genes of ADPKD were measured by q RT-PCR. Herein, Mxi1 transfectants rarely formed a simple epithelial cyst and induced cell death. Overexpression of Mxi1 resulted in a decrease in the PKD1, PKD2 and c-myc mRNA relating to the pathway of cyst formation. These data indicate that Mxi1 influences cyst formation of mIMCD-3 cells in 3-D culture and that Mxi1 may control the mechanism of renal cyst formation.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.719-726
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• 2006

Bovine whey protein are rich in cysteine, which is the rate limiting amino acid for synthesis of antioxidant glutathione(GSH). Some strains of Lactobacillus caseihas been reported to contain high level of GSH in cell extracts. The objective ofthis study was to determine whether enzymatically hydrolyzed whey protein isolate(WPI) and cell extract of Lb. casei HY2782 could increase intracellular GSH concentrations and protect against oxidant induced cell death in human prostate epithelial cell line (designated as RWPE1, and PC3MMM2 cells). Treatment of RWPE1 cellsandPC3MMM2 cells with hydrolyzed WPI (500g/ml) significantly increased GSH by28.2% and38.4% respectively. Compared with control cells receiving no hydrolyzed WPI(P<0.05). hydrolyzed WPI and Lb casei HY2782 cell extracts significantly protected RWPE1 and PC3MMM2 cellsfrom oxidant induced cell death compared with controls receiving no WPI. DNA damage associated with oxidant treatment was demonstrated by single cell gel (SCG) electrophoresis.