• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.57 no.12
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• pp.42.1-42.14
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• 2015

Background: Dietary fats can alter the deposition and distribution of body fats in ruminants. The deposition and distribution of body fat play a vital role in the quality of ruminant carcasses and are of great commercial value since they influence the profitability and consumer acceptability of ruminant meat. The current study examined the effects of dietary blend of 80 % canola oil and 20 % palm oil (BCPO) on carcass characteristics, meat yield and accretion of fatty acid (FA) in subcutaneous, omental, perirenal, and mesentery adipose depots and m. supraspinatus (SS) in goats. Methods: Twenty four Boer crossbred bucks (BW $20.54{\pm}0.47kg$) were randomly assigned to diets containing on DM basis 0, 4 and 8 % BCPO, fed for 100 d and harvested. Results: Diet had no effect (P > 0.05) on slaughter weight, dressing percentage, carcass and non-carcass components, meat yield, color, moisture and carotenoid contents and weight of adipose tissues in goats. The proportion of C18:1n-9 and cis-9 trans-11 CLA in the omental, perirenal and SS was higher (P < 0.05) in goats fed 4 and 8 % BCPO compared with the control goats. Dietary BCPO reduced (P < 0.05) the proportion of C14:0 in the omental, perirenal and mesentery depots, C18:0 in the perirenal depot, C16:0 in the SS and C16:1n-7 in the SS, omental and perirenal tissues. Dietary BCPO enhanced the proportion of C18:1 trans-11 Vaccenic and C18:3n-3 in SS and C20:5n-3 in SS and mesentery depot. No significant changes were found in the FA composition of subcutaneous depot. Conclusions: Results indicate that dietary BCPO can be utilized to alter the FA composition of adipose tissues without detrimental effects on carcass characteristics in goats. Nonetheless, dietary BCPO is not an effective repartitioning agent for body fats in goats.

• Mycobiology
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.249-255
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• 2014

We evaluated a more practical and cost-effective immobilization carriers for ethanol production using the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Three candidate materials-rice hull, rice straw, and sawdust-were tested for their cell-adsorption capacity and operational durability. Derivatizations of rice hull, rice straw, and sawdust with the optimal concentration of 0.5 M of 2-(diethylamino)ethyl chloride hydrochloride (DEAE HCl) resulted in > 95% adsorption of the initial yeast cells at 2 hr for DEAE-rice hull and DEAE-sawdust and in only approximately 80% adsorption for DEAE-rice straw. In addition, DEAE-sawdust was found to be a more practical carrier for immobilizing yeast cells in terms of operational durability in shaking flask cultures with two different speeds of 60 and 150 rpm. Furthermore, the biosorption isotherms of DEAE-rice hull, -rice straw, and -sawdust for yeast cells revealed that the $Q_{max}$ of DEAE-sawdust (82.6 mg/g) was greater than that of DEAE-rice hull and DEAE-rice straw. During the 404-hr of continuous column reactor operation using yeast cells immobilized on DEAE-sawdust, no serious detachment of the yeast cells from the DEAE-sawdust was recorded. Ethanol yield of approximately 3.04 g/L was produced steadily, and glucose was completely converted to ethanol at a yield of 0.375 g-ethanol/g-glucose (73.4% of the theoretical value). Thus, sawdust is a promising practical immobilization carrier for ethanol production, with significance in the production of bioethanol as a biofuel.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.177-184
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• 2014

Continuous monitoring of heart rates and respiratory rates for newborns or infants is very important since the abnormal breathing and heart problems can threaten the life of newborns or infants. A noncontact baby monitoring system based on a Doppler radar and an air mattress was designed. The Doppler radar was used to acquire respiratory signals and the air mattress was employed to obtain heart rates. The performance of the designed system was evaluated using a commercialized infant simulator ($Simbaby^{TM}$) and a respiration belt transducer was used to measure respiration rates as a reference. Results for respiratory rates revealed that the correlation coefficients between I-and Q-channel and the respiration belt were 0.84 and 0.91 and the mean ${\pm}$ standard deviations of errors between them were $1.66{\pm}1.92$ (bpm) and $0.88{\pm}1.65$ (bpm). Heart rates showed that the correlation coefficient between air mattress and set value of the simulator was 0.73 and the mean ${\pm}$ standard deviation of errors between them was $1.09{\pm}3.45$ (bpm). These results indicate that the designed system holds the potential as an effective monitoring tool for continuous monitoring heart rates and respiratory rates of newborns or infants.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.1263-1267
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• 2014

Background: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play important roles in pathogenesis and development of cancer. Recently, many studies have show associations between polymorphisms in the promoter regions of MMPs and risk of gastric cancer. The present meta-analysis was conducted in order to investigate the potential association between four polymorphisms in the MMP gene and gastric cancer risk. Methods: A computerized literature search was conducted in databases of Med-line, Embase, Science Citation Index and PubMed till June 2013 for any MMP genetic association study of gastric cancer. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated for each gene under dominant and recessive models, and heterogeneity between studies was assessed using the Q test and $I^2$ value. Overall and subgroup analyses according to ethnicity were carried out with Stata 12.0. Results: 14 reports covering 8,146 patients (2,980 in the case group and 5,166 in the control group) were included in the present meta-analysis. We found that the MMP-7 (-181A>G) polymorphism increased the gastric cancer risk in therecessive model (GG vs. AA/AG, OR=1.768, 95% CI =1.153-2.712). For MMP2 -1306 C>T, MMP1-1607 1G/2G, and MMP9-1 562 C>T, there were no associations between these polymorphisms and the risk of gastric cancer under dominant or recessive models. Conclusion: This meta-analysis suggested that the MMP7-181 A>G polymorphism may contribute to gastric cancer susceptibility. More studies are needed, especially in Europeans, in the future.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.191-199
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• 2008

In this paper, we present a performance analysis and design and implementation results of a 2.4 GHz bio-radar system that can detect human heartbeat and respiration signals. In order to design a 2.4 GHz bio-radar system qualitatively, we investigate the electromagnetic properties of human tissues and calculate the target SNR of demodulation output with respect to distance. The target SNR is defined by the 90 % success ratio for detecting heartbeat signal. With this target SNR value, the performance and link budget of the bio-radar system is simulated using MATLAB. Using this link budget results, the direct conversion receiver is designed and Implemented in 4 layer printed circuit board(PCB). With output power of 0 dBm and 5 Hz bandwidth, 80 % success ratio of 50 cm is measured. Measurement results show a good agreement with simulation results.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.282-289
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• 2018

Melanin is a pigment produced from tyrosine in melanocytes. Although melanin has a protective role against UVB radiation-induced damage, it is also associated with the development of melanoma and darker skin tone. Tyrosinase is a key enzyme in melanin synthesis, which regulates the rate-limiting step during conversion of tyrosine into DOPA and dopaquinone. To develop effective RNA interference therapeutics, we designed a melanin siRNA pool by applying multiple prediction programs to reduce human tyrosinase levels. First, 272 siRNAs passed the target accessibility evaluation using the RNAxs program. Then we selected 34 siRNA sequences with ${\Delta}G{\geq}-34.6kcal/mol$, i-Score value ${\geq}65$, and siRNA scales score ${\leq}30$. siRNAs were designed as 19-bp RNA duplexes with an asymmetric 3' overhang at the 3' end of the antisense strand. We tested if these siRNAs effectively reduced tyrosinase gene expression using qRT-PCR and found that 17 siRNA sequences were more effective than commercially available siRNA. Three siRNAs further tested showed an effective visual color change in MNT-1 human cells without cytotoxic effects, indicating these sequences are anti-melanogenic. Our study revealed that human tyrosinase siRNAs could be efficiently designed using multiple prediction algorithms.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.179-187
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• 2018

Proteomic analysis of extracellular vesicles (EVs) from biological fluid is a powerful approach to discover potential biomarkers for human diseases including cancers, as EV secreted to biological fluids are originated from the affected tissue. In order to investigate significant molecules related to the pathogenesis of bladder cancer, EVs were isolated from patient urine which was analyzed by mass spectrometry based proteomics. Comparison of the EV proteome to the whole urine proteome demonstrated an increased number of protein identification in EV. Comparative MS analyses of urinary EV from control subjects and bladder cancer patients identified a total of 1,222 proteins. Statistical analyses provided 56 proteins significantly increased in bladder cancer urine, including proteins for which expression levels varied by cancer stage (P-value < 0.05). While urine represents a valuable, non-invasive specimen for biomarker discovery in urologic cancers, there is a high degree of intra- and inter-individual variability in urine samples. The enrichment of urinary EV demonstrated its capability and applicability of providing a focused identification of biologically relevant proteins in urological diseases.

• Advances in environmental research
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.95-111
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• 2017

The valorization of swine manure samples, i.e., de-watered cake (SMc) and solid digestate (SMd), in products with beneficial value, i.e., low cost activated carbons (ACs), is studied. For this purpose slow pyrolysis and steam activation at three different duration times are applied. Additionally, the obtained ACs are characterized and tested towards removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions. It is revealed that BET surface area varies in the range of $236-267m^2/g$ for ACs prepared from SMc sample and in the range of $411-432m^2/g$ for ACs prepared from SMd sample. Despite the low determined surface area of prepared ACs, a high total Cr removal capacity is observed occurring through a "coupled adsorption-reduction" mechanism. Higher Cr(VI) removal capacity is demonstrated for ACs having higher surface area ($q_m$ is 140.9 mg/g according Langmuir modelling). Cr(VI) removal is found to be pH dependent with a maximum at pH 1. However at that pH significant amounts of Cr remain in the solution as Cr(III). At pH 2 lower amount of Cr(VI) is removed compensated by a higher removal of Cr(III) resulting in a higher amount of adsorbed $Cr_{tot}$. Therefore adsorption at pH 2 is found to be appropriate. The removal capacity of the studied ACs towards Cr(VI) is almost independent of activation time.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2011

In order to investigate the cause and magnitude of scale effect occurring in the model experiments of fishing nets, five pairs of Nylon pyramid nets and one pair of PE ones in which all the two nets paired were equal each other in the factors determining their flow resistance, i. e., the ratio d/l of diameter d to length l of bars, the angle f between two adjacent bars, the attack angle q of nettings to the water flow, and the wall area S of nets, and different in the values of d and l were prepared. Then, the nets were attached to the circular steel frame alternately and their flow resistances with shapes in water were measured on the sea ascribing no turbulent flows by using the tension meter made of a block bearing for the experiment. All the Nylon nets were spreads out easily in water to form a circular cone at relatively low velocity of water and showed the resistance smaller a little in the nets with larger d and l than them with smaller d and l, because the filtration of water through meshes become easier in nets especially with larger l. But PE nettings were not spread out sufficiently on account of their small flexibility and showed higher resistance especially in them with thicker twines. Therefore, the difference in bar length or mesh size and flexibility of nettings between prototype and model nets are regarded to become factors ascribing scale effect. Especially the influence of the difference in mesh size may become large significantly in actual model experiments because the mesh size of model nets is decided at much larger value than that given by scale ratio and so the difference of mesh size between the two nets become much larger than that between nets used in this experiment.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.24-29
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• 2018

Background: Cyclosporine is an immunosuppressive agent used to treat and prevent graft versus host reaction (GVHR)-a complication associated with stem cell transplantation. This study aimed to develop a population pharmacokinetic model of cyclosporine and investigate factors affecting cyclosporine clearance in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients. Methods: A total of 650 cyclosporine concentrations recorded in 65 patients who underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation were used. Data including age, sex, weight, height, body surface area (BSA), type of disease, chemotherapy before stem cell transplantation, type of donor, serum creatinine levels, total bilirubin concentration, hematocrit value, and type of concomitant anti-fungal agents and methylprednisolone used were retrospectively collected. Data related to cyclosporine dosage, administration time, and blood concentration were also collected. All data were analyzed using the non-linear mixed effect model; a two-compartment model with first-order elimination was used. Results: The population pharmacokinetic model of cyclosporine using the NONMEM program was as follows: $CL(L/h)=5.9{\times}(BSA/1.2)^{0.9}$, V2 (L) = 54.5, Q (L/h) = 3.5, V3 (L) = 1080.0, $k_a(h^{-1})=0.000377$. BSA was selected as a covariate of cyclosporine clearance, which increased with an increase in BSA. Conclusion: A population pharmacokinetic model for Korean pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients was developed, and the important factor affecting cyclosporine clearance was found to be BSA. The model might contribute to the development of the most appropriate dosing regimen for cyclosporine. Further studies on population pharmacokinetics should be carried out, prospectively targeting pediatric patients.