• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.7-22
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• 2021

Objective : The purpose of this study was to verify the effect of virtual reality interventions (VRIs) on cognitive function in individuals with stroke through a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Methods : We reviewed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) the last 10 years using academic databases. PubMed, MEDLINE, and CINAHL were used for international studies, and DBpia, KISS, Kyoboscholar, and e-article were used for Korean studies. For the quantitative meta-analysis, subgroups of outcomes were classified into general cognitive function (G-CF), attention and memory (A&M), and executive function (EF). Results : Nine RCTs were analyzed. The total number of participants was 271 (140 in the experimental group). The effect size (Cohen's d) was estimated using a random effects model. The effect sizes of the outcome subgroups of were as follows: small to medium for G-CF (d=0.422; 95% CI: 0.101~0.742; p=0.010), small for A&M (d=0.249; 95% CI: -0.107~0.605; p=0.170), and medium for EF (d=0.666; 95% CI: 0.136~1.195; p=0.014). Conclusion : Considering the various stimuli provided by the virtual environment and the results from available research, virtual reality should be applied to interventions for integrated cognitive functions. In addition, it would be appropriate to be used as an additional intervention to traditional cognitive rehabilitation for stroke.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.158-170
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• 2015

Objective: The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of oral exercise on oral function and denture satisfaction of the elderly using dentures. Methods: The study was conducted with targets of the elderly in the 13 senior community centers in Cheongsong-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do from September 2013 to April 2014. The study subjects were divided into two groups, the intervention group provided with 8 week oral exercise program and the control group without exercise. The data on oral function, denture satisfaction and oral health related quality of life (OHIP-14) were analyzed among the 79 subjects from the intervention group and the 71 subjects from the control group. Results: For oral function, salivary flow rate, mouth opening, pronunciation and salty taste were significantly improved in the intervention group (p<0.01). There were significant differences in salivary flow rate, mouth opening, pronunciation and salty taste between the two groups (p<0.01). For denture satisfaction, there were significant differences in masticatory function, fixing function, general treatment satisfaction and total denture satisfaction between the two groups (p<0.05). There were significant differences between the two groups in the total points of oral health related quality of life. Conclusion: Oral exercise was effective in improving oral function and denture satisfaction of the elderly using dentures. To improve oral health related quality of life of the elderly further researches and programs will be necessary.

• 한국노년학
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.909-924
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to identify the impact of chewing ability on cognitive function of older people in Korea and the mediation effect of physical function and depression using the nationwide data from "Survey of the Living Conditions and Welfare Needs of Korean Older Persons in 2014", in Korea. This study was conducted on a total of 10,451 respondents in the "Survey of the Living Conditions and Welfare Needs of Korean Older Persons in 2014" and the data collection period was from June 11, to September 4, 2014. Chewing ability was used in the scale on level of daily life inconvenience in chewing ability (meat or hardness). Cognitive function was measured using MMSE-DS, physical function using K-IADL, and depression using SGDS-K. The data were analyzed using the SPSS 24.0 program and Process Macro. Total effects of chewing ability on cognitive function were not significant(p>.05). Direct effects of chewing ability on cognitive function were not significant(p>.05). There were the dual mediation effect(p<.05) of physical function and depression, a complete mediating effect by physical function(p<.05) or depression(p<.05) in the impact of chewing ability on cognitive function of older people in Korea. These results indicate that physical function and depression effect directly and indirectly in the impact of chewing ability on cognitive function of older people. In conclusion, it is suggested that to prevent the decline of cognitive function in older people, it is necessary to consider not only nursing strategies for strengthening chewing ability and physical function, but also nursing interventions for relieving or preventing depression in older people.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.225-235
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• 2016

This study aims at developing Reminiscence Function Scale-Short Form(RFS-S) and verifying it as a supplemental diagnosis instrument to judge differences between normal and mild cognitive impairment and useful measure to rate effects of reminiscence therapy in the clinical field through internal consistency reliability and criterion validity. The study also aims at figuring out factors affection reminiscence function by figuring out demographic features of RFS-S. The research subjects were the control group of 60 normal people and experimental group of 58 people with mild cognitive impairment and both groups were over 65 years old. For internal consistency reliability(Cronbach's alpha) between questions was reliable with 0.63. Convergent validities of RFS-S with SRT and CDR-SB were 0.20(p<.05) and -0.25(p<.001), respectively, as both showed significant correlations. As a result of criterion validity to analyze AUROC, it was 0.68(p<.001) and less accurate. Its optimal cut-off points were 17 and sensitivity according to them was 0.59, and specificity was 0.72, respectively. However, reminiscence function according to demographic variables did not show any significant differences. Therefore, it is expected that RFS-S will be used as a supplemental diagnosis instrument with higher reliability and validity for discerning differences between normal and mild cognitive impairment and as a useful one to verify effects of reminiscence therapy.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.683-692
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• 2019

Objective: We aimed to evaluate correlations between computed tomography (CT) parameters and pulmonary function test (PFT) parameters according to disease severity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and to determine whether CT parameters can be used to predict PFT indices. Materials and Methods: A total of 370 patients with COPD were grouped based on disease severity according to the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) I-IV criteria. Emphysema index (EI), air-trapping index, and airway parameters such as the square root of wall area of a hypothetical airway with an internal perimeter of 10 mm (Pi10) were measured using automatic segmentation software. Clinical characteristics including PFT results and quantitative CT parameters according to GOLD criteria were compared using ANOVA. The correlations between CT parameters and PFT indices, including the ratio of forced expiratory volume in one second to forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) and FEV₁, were assessed. To evaluate whether CT parameters can be used to predict PFT indices, multiple linear regression analyses were performed for all patients, Group 1 (GOLD I and II), and Group 2 (GOLD III and IV). Results: Pulmonary function deteriorated with increase in disease severity according to the GOLD criteria (p < 0.001). Parenchymal attenuation parameters were significantly worse in patients with higher GOLD stages (P < 0.001), and Pi10 was highest for patients with GOLD III (4.41 ± 0.94 mm). Airway parameters were nonlinearly correlated with PFT results, and Pi10 demonstrated mild correlation with FEV1/FVC in patients with GOLD II and III (r = 0.16, p = 0.06 and r = 0.21, p = 0.04, respectively). Parenchymal attenuation parameters, airway parameters, EI, and Pi10 were identified as predictors of FEV₁/FVC for the entire study sample and for Group 1 (R² = 0.38 and 0.22, respectively; p < 0.001). However, only parenchymal attenuation parameter, EI, was identified as a predictor of FEV₁/FVC for Group 2 (R² = 0.37, p < 0.001). Similar results were obtained for FEV₁. Conclusion: Airway and parenchymal attenuation parameters are independent predictors of pulmonary function in patients with mild COPD, whereas parenchymal attenuation parameters are dominant independent predictors of pulmonary function in patients with severe COPD.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.61-89
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• 1998

Having taken as cause of dental technicians separation from their service a variety of individual idiosyncrasies, function-related factors, external environment factors, functional satisfaction, organizational commitment, and intention to remain, the present study conducted a mail questionnaire poll and interviews on those dental technicians who are mow in the service with private dental technical workshops and dental technical workshops in general hospitals and private dental clinics. The resultant findings from analysis of the repondent's general characteristics of cause of separation form service were revealed, as follows : 1) It was shown that the higher the academic career, the considerably higher cause of position commitment among causes of individual idio-syncrasies, reflecting a statistically significant result(P<0.05) 2) The less the number of working hours as viewed from the average number of working hours per day, the higher the positive emotion, reflecting a significant relation(P<0.01) 3) Causes from performing duties among function-related causes diclosed a statistically significant relation among marital status, career, monthly income, and positions(P<0.01) 4) Causes from wages showed a statistically significant relation in the average number of working hours per day(P<0.01), monthly income(P,0.05), and positions(P<0.05) 5) Causes from supervision exposed a significant relation in workplaces(P<0.01) 6) Causes from promotion represented a significant relation in positions(P<0.001) 7) Causes from opportunnities for taking a job as seen from external environment causes also disclosed a statistically significant relation in workplaces(P<0.05) 8) Reponsibility for family sustenace reflected a statistically significant relation in sex, age, marital status, career, monthly income, work fields, term of employment, positions, and experience of separation(P<0.001) 9) Functional satisfaction showed a statistically significant relation in marital status, career, monthly income, and the average number of hours a day(P<0.05) 10) Oraganizational commitment disclosed a statistically significant relation in work experience, monthly income, term of employment, positions(P<0.05) and the average number of working hours a day(P<0.001) 11) The intention to remain indicated a statistically significant relation in age, marital status, work experience, monthly income, positions(P<0.001) and term of employment. the average number of working hours a day(P<0.01), and in the performing work field(P<0.05)

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.439-449
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• 2014

In this paper, we present some inequalities for the non-tangential derivative of f(z). For the function $f(z)=z+b_{p+1}z^{p+1}+b_{p+2}z^{p+2}+{\cdots}$ defined in the unit disc, with ${\Re}\(\frac{f^{\prime}(z)}{{\lambda}f{\prime}(z)+1-{\lambda}}\)$ > ${\beta}$, $0{\leq}{\beta}$ < 1, $0{\leq}{\lambda}$ < 1, we estimate a module of a second non-tangential derivative of f(z) function at the boundary point ${\xi}$, by taking into account their first nonzero two Maclaurin coefficients. The sharpness of these estimates is also proved.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.383-387
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of a simultaneous dual-task and horse-riding simulator (HRS) training regime on pulmonary function and flexibility. Methods: Sixteen subjects were recruited and randomly allocated to two groups: a dual-task (DT) (n=8) or a single-task (ST) (n=8) training group. Flexibility and pulmonary function were assessed before and after HRS training. Both groups underwent HRS training for 4 weeks, 3 times/week in 15-minute training sessions. The ST group underwent HRS training and the DT group underwent dual-task HRS training, which consisted of throwing and catching a ball and ring catching while HRS training. Results: Training significantly increased flexibility and FVC (forced vital capacity) and FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in 1 second) in both groups (p<0.05), but FEV1/FVC and PEF (peak expiratory flow) were not significantly different after training in both groups (p>0.05). After the training, flexibility and FVC in the DT group were significantly greater than in the ST group (p<0.05), but FEV1, FEV1/FVC, and PEF were not significantly different (p>0.05). Conclusion: Simultaneous dual-task and HRS motor training improved flexibility, FVC, and FEV1, and our comparative analysis suggests that dual-task HRS training improved flexibility and FVC more than single-task training.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.289-294
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• 1996

The double Gamma function had been defined and studied by Barnes [4], [5], [6] and others in about 1900, not appearing in the tables of the most well-known special functions, cited in the exercise by Whittaker and Waston [25, pp. 264]. Recently this function has been revived according to the study of determinants of Laplacians [8], [11], [15], [16], [19], [20], [22] and [24]. Shintani [21] also uses this function to prove the classical Kronecker limit formula. Its p-adic analytic extension appeared in a formula of Casson Nogues [7] for the p-adic L-functions at the point 0.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.1773-1778
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• 2008

Two experiments were carried out to study the effects of corticosterone (CORT) administration on intestinal morphology and function of broilers. In both experiments, birds were randomly divided into two equal groups. One group was the control group (CTRL), and the birds were fed with a basal diet. The other was the experimental group (CORT), and the birds were fed with the basal diet plus 30 mg of CORT/kg diet. At 21 days of age, performance, morphological characteristics of intestine, D-xylose level in plasma, activities of digestive enzymes in digesta, digestibility of nutrients and 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdUrd)-labeling index of intestinal epithelial cells were determined. CORT administration decreased feed intake, daily gain and feed conversion ratio (p<0.05). CORT also decreased duodenal and jejunal villus height (p<0.05) as well as crypt depth (p<0.05). The D-xylose level in plasma of CORT-treated broilers was lower than that of the control (p<0.05). CORT treatment caused a decrease in apparent digestibility of protein (p<0.05), whereas fat and starch apparent digestibilities were unaffected (p>0.05). CORT administration increased activities of trypsin and amylase (p<0.05), and decreased BrdUrd-labeling index of duodenal and jejunal epithelial cells (p<0.05). In conclusion, CORT administration impaired the normal morphology and absorptive capacity of the small intestine of broiler chickens.