• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• 제46권2호
• /
• pp.134-139
• /
• 2003

본 연구는 3요소$(N-P_2O_5,-K_2O)$처리가 산국(Chrysanthemum boreale M.)의 수량과 유효성분에 미치는 효과를 조사하여 효과적인 재배시스템을 개발하고자하였다. 처리구는 무처리, NPK(250-160-160), NP(250-160-0), NK(250-0-160), PK(0-160-160 kg/ha)의 5처리로 설정하여 산국을 재배한 결과, 건물수량은 NPK처리구가 PK처리구에 비하여 4.0배의 증수가 있었으며, 다른 처리구보다 무기이온의 흡수율, 생육 및 수량에서 NPK처리구가 가장 우수하였다. 식용으로 많이 쓰이는 꽃의 주요 아미노산은 proline, glutamic acid과 aspartic acid이였고, 다른 처리구들에 비하여 NPK처리구가 높은 함량을 보였다. 혈압강하효과가 우수한 cumambrin A는 PK처리구에 비하여 NPK처리구가 6.2배의 증수효과가 있었다. NK처리구는 NP처리구보다 cumambrin A함량이 우수하였고, 식물체 중의 칼리 함량과 cumambrin A의 함량과는 상관관계가 인정되었으나, 이에 대한 생리적 대사과정은 아직까지 밝혀져 있지 않다. 따라서 산국의 재배시 cumambrin A의 함량을 높이기 위해서는 인산의 시용보다 칼리의 시용이 더 요구되며, 야외포장에서의 인산과 칼리의 적정 시비량의 설정이 필요하다고 판단된다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제41권3호
• /
• pp.284-289
• /
• 2017

Background: Compound FK506 is an immunosuppressant agent that is frequently used to prevent rejection of solid organs upon transplant. However, nephrotoxicity due to apoptosis and inflammatory response mediated by FK506 limit its usefulness. In this study, the protective effect of Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) against FK506-induced damage in LLC-PK1 pig kidney epithelial cells was investigated. Methods: LLC-PK1 cells were exposed to FK506 with KRG and cell viability was measured. Western blotting and RT-PCR analyses evaluated protein expression of MAPKs, caspase-3, and KIM-1. TLR-4 gene expression was assessed. Caspase-3 activities were also determined. The number of apoptotic cells was measured using an image-based cytometric assay. Results: The reduction in LLC-PK1 cell viability by $60{\mu}M$ FK506 was recovered by KRG cotreatment in a dose-dependent manner. The phosphorylation of p38, p44/42 MAPKs (ERK), KIM-1, cleaved caspase-3, and TLR-4 mRNA expression was increased markedly in LLC-PK1 cells treated with $60{\mu}M$ FK506. However, with the exception of p-ERK, elevated levels of p-p38, KIM-1, cleaved caspase-3, and TLR-4 mRNA expression were significantly decreased after cotreatment with KRG. Activity level of caspase-3 was also attenuated by KRG cotreatment. Moreover, image-based cytometric assay showed that apoptotic cell death was increased by $60{\mu}M$ FK506 treatment, whereas it was decreased after cotreatment with KRG. Conclusion: Taken together, these results suggest that the molecular mechanism of KRG in the FK506-induced nephrotoxicity may lead to the development of an adjuvant for the inhibition of adverse effect FK506 in the kidney.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.138-145
• /
• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study was performed to investigate the in vitro antioxidant and cytoprotective effects of fermented sesame sauce (FSeS) against hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$)-induced oxidative damage in renal proximal tubule LLC-PK1 cells. MATERIALS/METHODS: 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl radical ($^{\bullet}OH$), and $H_2O_2$ scavenging assay was used to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant activity of FSeS. To investigate the cytoprotective effect of FSeS against $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative damage in LLC-PK1 cells, the cellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation, and endogenous antioxidant enzymes including catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) were measured. RESULTS: The ability of FSeS to scavenge DPPH, $^{\bullet}OH$ and $H_2O_2$ was greater than that of FSS and AHSS. FSeS also significantly inhibited $H_2O_2$-induced ($500{\mu}M$) oxidative damage in the LLC-PK1 cells compared to FSS and AHSS (P < 0.05). Following treatment with $100{\mu}g/mL$ of FSeS and FSS to prevent $H_2O_2$-induced oxidation, cell viability increased from 56.7% (control) to 83.7% and 75.6%, respectively. However, AHSS was not able to reduce $H_2O_2$-induced cell damage (viability of the AHSS-treated cells was 54.6%). FSeS more effectively suppressed $H_2O_2$-induced ROS generation and lipid peroxidation compared to FSS and AHSS (P < 0.05). Compared to the other sauces, FSeS also significantly increased cellular CAT, SOD, and GSH-px activities and mRNA expression (P < 0.05). CONCULUSIONS: These results from the present study suggest that FSeS is an effective radical scavenger and protects against $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative damage in LLC-PK1 cells by reducing ROS levels, inhibiting lipid peroxidation, and stimulating antioxidant enzyme activity.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제61권1호
• /
• pp.25-32
• /
• 2016

1978년부터 2008년까지 31년간 국립식량과학원 수원소재 답작시험포장에서 동일 비료 장기연용의 의한 벼의 수량과 토양의 화학성에 미치는 영향을 시험한 결과는 다음과 같았다. 1. 비료 연용처리에 따른 쌀 수량은 무비<무질소(PK)<무인산<(NK)<무칼리(NP) $\leq$ 3요소(NPK) $\leq$ 석회(NPKL)<생고(NPKS)$\leq$퇴비(NPKC) 순으로 높았다. 2. 3요소(NPK)대비 수량지수는 무비구가 0.52로 가장 낮았으며, NPKS와 NPKC가 각각 1.11, 1.18로 NPK보다 높았다. PK, NK, NP는 각각 0.61, 0.86, 0.98로 3요소 중 질소가 수량에 미치는 영향이 가장 컸으며 칼리의 영향이 가장 낮았다. NPKL은 NPK와 수량지수의 차이가 없었다. 3. NPKC는 기간이 경과할수록 수량과 수량지수가 모두 증가하였으며, NK와 F0의 수량지수는 감소하는 경향이었으나 유의성은 없었다. 그 외 PK, NK, NP, NPK, NPKS, NPKL의 수량지수는 모두 기간에 따른 변동이 없었다. 4. 토양의 유기물 함량은 NPKC는 적정유기물함량 수준인 2.5%까지 증가하였으나, NPKS는 1.8%에서 이들을 제외한 다른 처리는 1.3~1.4%로 초기와 차이가 없었다. 5. 토양의 유효인산 함량은 모든 인산 처리구에서 증가하였으며 특히 무질소구와 퇴비구에서 가장 높았다. 6. 석회처리구를 장기연용할 경우 토양 pH가 7.9까지 증가하여 논토양의 적정 산도보다 높아졌다.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
• /
• 제20권42호
• /
• pp.73-85
• /
• 1997

In the product liability age the demand on quality is extremely high and inspection and test are automated. The process capability indices $C_p, {\;}C_{pk}$ and p control chart widely used to provide unitless measure of process performance and process control. Traditional process capability indices $C_p, {\;}C_{pk}$ do not represent the process variation from target value. The convention p chart for control of fraction nonconforming becomes inadequate when the fraction nonconforming becomes very small such as PPM level production system. This paper proposes process performance measure considering quadratic loss function and cumulative counts control chart for control of PPM level production system.

• 미생물학회지
• /
• 제44권2호
• /
• pp.130-134
• /
• 2008

미생물 자동배양기를 이용한 감염성 물질의 검출은 시험적 오차의 경감은 물론 분리율 향상과 시간 단축을 가능하게 하였다. BacT/ALERT 3D 자동배양기는 미생물성장 시 발생되는 이산화탄소를 비색법으로 검출하는 장비로서 임상시료를 이용한 미생물 배양과 검출에 이용되어왔다. 자동배양기의 효율성을 검증하고 의약품의 무균 시험에 적용가능한지를 평가하기 위하여 6종의 세균을 이용하여 중식 및 검출특성을 분석하였다. 3종의 호기성세균 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Micrococcus Iuteus, Bacillus subtilis와 Staphylococcus aureus는 1 CFU가 31.44 시간 내에 검출되었고, 혐기성균인 Clostridium sporogenes는 15.96시간에 균의 중식이 감지되었다. 저성장 혐기성세균인 Propionibacterium acnes는 $10^4$ CFU의 균수에서 검출에 129.36시간이 소요되었다. 이 같은 결과는전통적 직접 배양법보다 검출감도에 있어서 $10\sim10^5$배 높고 검출시간을 $2\sim10$10시간 단축한 것으로서 자동배양법이 미생물 증식과 검출에 효율적임을 말해준다. 따라서 본 시험에서 이용한 자동배양법은 임상시료에서의 감염원 진단뿐 아니라 생물의약품의 무균시험에 이용 가능하다고 판단된다.

• 약학회지
• /
• 제41권6호
• /
• pp.789-796
• /
• 1997

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of sulfinpyrazone on fumonisin $B_1$-induced elevation of free sphingoid bases in LLC-$PK_1$ cells. Fumonis ins are a family of mycotoxins produced by the fungi Fusarium moniliforme which is common contaminant in corn. Fumonisins are also potent inhibiors of sphingosine and sphinganine N-acyltransferases (ceramide synthases), key enzymes in sphingolipid metabolism resulting in the elevation of free sphinganine. The cytosolic concentration of fumonisin B1 was known to be closely proportional to the elevation of free sphinganine in LLC-PK1 cells [Yoo, H.-S., Norred, W.P., Wang, E., Merrill, A.H., Jr., and Riley, R.T. (1992) Toxicol. Appl.Pharmacol. 114. 9-15]. Sulfinpyrazone, an anion transport inhibitor, reduced the elevated level of free sphinganine resulting from fumonisin B1 inhibition of de novo sphingolipid biosynthesis. Fumonisin B1 at a concentration of 20${\mu}$M showed approximately 120pmol/$10^6$ cells relative to 3-10pmol/$10^6$ cells in control cultures, and sulfinpyrazone at a concentration of 200${\mu}$M partially reversed the increased level of free sphinganine induced by fumonisin $B_1$ down to normal level after exposure to fumonisin $B_1$ for 8 to 24hr. However, the reduced effect of sulfinpyrazone on the fumonisin $B_1$-induced elevation of intracellular sphinganine was not shown after 24hr. Fumonisin $B_1$ exposure to LLC-PK1 cells for 36 and 48hr showed approximately 74 and 80pmol per $10^6$ cells relative to 82 and 76pmol,respectively, in fumonisin $B_1$ plus sulfinpyrazone-treated cultures. Sulfinpyrazone-induced less elevation of free sphinganine in confluent cells after exposure to fumonisin $B_1$ suggested that either sulfinpyrazone may block the availability of fumonisin $B_1$ to cells or act on the fumonisin $B_1$ interaction with ceramide synthase.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제27권2호
• /
• pp.191-200
• /
• 1987

Attempts were to produce porcine leukocyte interferon(PorLeIF) and porcine immune interferon (PorIIF) in the culture of porcine leukocytes. The interferons produced were tested for antiviral activity against vesicular stomatitis virus on poreine-derived PK(15) cells, human-derived FL cells, and Korean native black goat-derived BGK cells. The results were summarized as follws: 1. In the isolation of porcine leukocytes, the mean isolation rate by the buffy coat separation method (28.7%) was higher than that by the hydroxyethyl starch-RBC sedimentation method (9.2%). 2. When NDV(BI)-induced PorLeIFs were assyed on PK(15) cells and FL cells, the mean titers were 129 IU/ml and 72 IU/ml respectively, being 55.8% of the activity in homologous species system expressed in heterologous system. 3. The activities of PHA P-induced PorIIFs were 197 IU/ml on PK (15) cells and no activity on human FL cells. The mean antiviral activity of PorIIF was 1.5 times that of PorLeIF in PK (15) cells. 4. The cytopathic effect of vesicular stomatitis virus was observed in BGK cells derived from Korean native black goat kidney permitting interferon assay on the cells. While the cross-species antiviral activity of reference human ${\alpha},\;{\beta}-interferon$ was observed on the cells, PorLeIF and PorIIF did not show any activity.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
• /
• 제30권5_6호
• /
• pp.793-807
• /
• 2012

If G is any connected graph of order p; then the thorn graph $G_p^*$ with code ($n_1$, $n_2$, ${\cdots}$, $n_p$) is obtained by adding $n_i$ pendent vertices to each $i^{th}$ vertex of G. By treating the pendent edge of a thorn graph as $P_2$, $K_2$, $K_{1,1}$, $K_1{\circ}K_1$ or $P_1{\circ}K_1$, we generalize a thorn graph by replacing $P_2$ by $P_m$, $K_2$ by $K_m$, $K_{1,1}$ by $K_{m,n}$, $K_1{\circ}K_1$ by $K_m{\circ}K_1$ and $P_1{\circ}K_1$ by $P_m{\circ}K_1$ and their respective generalized thorn graphs are denoted by $G_P$, $G_K$, $G_B$, $G_{KK}$ and $G_{PK}$ respectively. Many chemical compounds can be treated as $G_P$, $G_K$, $G_B$, $G_{KK}$ and $G_{PK}$ of some graphs in graph theory. In this paper, we obtain the bounds of the wiener index for these generalization of thorn graphs.

• 한국품질경영학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국품질경영학회 1998년도 The 12th Asia Quality Management Symposium* Total Quality Management for Restoring Competitiveness
• /
• pp.594-609
• /
• 1998

In this dissertation, a new process capability index $C_{psk}$ is introduced for non-normal process. The Pearson curve and the Johnson curve are selected for capability index calculation and data modeling the normal-based index $C_{psk}$ is used as the model for non-normal process. A significant result of this research find that the ranking of the seven indices, $C_p,\;C_{pk},\;C_{pm},\;C^{\ast}_{pm},\;C_{pmk},\;C_s,\;C_{psk}$ in terms of sensitivity to departure of the process median from the target value T=M from the most sensitive one up to the least sensitive are $C_{psk},\;C_{s},\;C_{pmk},\;C^{\ast}_{pm},\;C_{pm},\;C_{pk},\;C_p$. i.e, By the criteria adopted for evaluation of PCI's $C_{psk}$ is the most sensitive to the departure of the process median from target and $C_p$ is least