• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 9th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.128-135
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• 2022

Because construction work is conducted outdoors, construction workers are affected by harmful environmental factor. Especially, Particulate Matter (PM₁₀) is one of the harmful environmental factors with a diameter of 10㎍/m³ or less. When PM₁₀ is inhaled by human, it can cause fatal impact on the human. Contrary to the various analyses of health impact on PM₁₀, the research on the relationship between construction accidents and PM₁₀ are few. Therefore, this study aims to conduct the relative frequency analysis which find out the correlation between construction accidents and PM₁₀, and the modified PM₁₀ grade is suggested to expect accidents probability caused by PM₁₀ in the construction industry. This study is conducted by four steps. i) Establishment of the database; ii) Classification of data; iii) Analysis of the Relative Frequency of accidents in the construction industry by PM₁₀ concentration; iv) Modified PM₁₀ groups to classify the impact of PM₁₀ on accident. In terms of frequency analysis, the most accidents were occurred in the average concentration of PM₁₀ (32㎍/m³). However, we found that the relative frequency of accident was increased as the concentration of PM₁₀ increased. This means the higher PM₁₀ concentration can cause more accidents during construction. In addition, PM₁₀ concentration was divided as 6 groups by the WHO, but the modified PM₁₀ grade by the relative frequency on accident was suggested as 3 groups.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.523-533
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• 2011

This study had the aim of characteristics of $PM_{10}$ in subway cabins. $PM_{10}$ was measured by times of day (rush and non rush hours) and seasons with real time $PM_{10}$ sampler on the subway cabins of line 7. Filter samples were collected for evaluation of their elemental composition as well as identification of major sources of $PM_{10}$ using a receptor model, PMF. $PM_{10}$ concentration were the highest in the winter season both in the rush and non rush hours at 152.8 ${\mu}g/m^3$, 90.2 ${\mu}g/m^3$ respectively. The $PM_{10}$ concentrations in rush hour were 30% higher compared to non rush hours. Based on the chemical information, the composition rare of inorganic elements was 52.5%, anions were 10.2% and others were 37.3%. Fe was the most abundant element and significantly correlated (p.0.01) with Mn (r=0.97), Ti (r=0.91), Cr (r=0.88), Ni (r=0.89) and Cu (r=0.88). Characterized $PM_{10}$ sources by PMF in the cabin were soil and road dust related sources (27.2%), railroad related sources (47.5%), secondary nitrate sources (16.2%) and a Cl-factor mixed with a secondary sulfate source (9.1%).

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.494-503
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• 2011

Fine particles ($PM_{2.5}$) were collected and analyzed from December 2005 through December 2009 in Chuncheon, Korea to investigate the long-term trend of $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations. Also $PM_{10}$ concentrations were collected from Environmental Monitoring System operated by Ministry of Environment. Average concentrations of $PM_{2.5}$ and $PM_{10}$ were 30.5 and 58.2 ${\mu}g/m^3$, respectively. Both $PM_{2.5}$ and $PM_{10}$ were significantly affected by meteorological factors including wind speed, wind direction and precipitation. They generally decreased as wind speed increased (p=0.000), and increased when there was a prevailing westerly wind. Low concentrations of $PM_{2.5}$ were observed during rainy days while high concentrations were shown when fog, mist and/or haze occurred.

• 대한방사선치료학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2015

목 적 : 방사선 치료 전 종양의 정확한 위치확인을 위한 치료 전 확인영상인 2D(AP,LAT), 3D(CBCT)의 흡수선량을 평가해보았다. 대상 및 방법 : Varian 사에서 제작한 OBI(Version1.5) System, CTDI 측정 phantom및 이온chamber, 교정된 유리선량계(GD-352M)를 이용하여 두부, 흉부, 복부의 부위별 촬영조건에 따라 Rando phantom 에 $0^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}$, $180^{\circ}$, $270^{\circ}$, 중심부에 각각 3개씩의 유리선량계를 부착하여 Field size $26.6{\times}20$, $15{\times}15$로 나누어 측정하였다. 또한 같은 방법으로 CBCT width를 16cm, 10cm로 나누어 동일하게 측정하였다. 결 과 : 2차원영상 AP 촬영은 입사방향인 $0^{\circ}$에서 가장 크게 측정되었으며 Field size 를 $26.6{\times}20$, $15{\times}15$로 변화 시켰을 때 흡수선량은 두부에서 각각 $1.44{\pm}0.26mGy$, $1.17{\pm}0.02mGy$, 흉부는 $3.08{\pm}0.86mGy$, $0.57{\pm}0.02mGy$, 복부는 $8.19{\pm}0.54mGy$ $4.19{\pm}0.08mGy$로 Field size 축소에 따라 평균 5~12%감소하였다. Lat 촬영 시에는 각각 5~8%감소하였다. 3차원영상 CBCT 에서는 width를 16 cm, 10 cm로 변화시킴에 따라 CBDI 측정값은 두부 $4.39{\pm}0.11mGy$, $3.99{\pm}0.13mGy$, 흉부(LDCT) $34.88{\pm}0.93(10.48{\pm}0.09)mGy$, $31.01{\pm}0.3(9.30{\pm}0.09)mGy$ 복부 $35.99{\pm}1.86mGy$, $32.27{\pm}1.35mGy$로 약 8~11%감소하였다. 결 론 : 2D는 조사면 크기를 줄여 5~12%, 3D는 width를 줄여줌으로써 8~11% 환자피폭선량을 감소시킬 수 있었다. 영상선량을 줄이기 위한 방사선사의 인식의 전환이 필요하고 다수의 CBCT 촬영시 치료처방선량에 영상선량의 포함여부도 고려되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
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• 제34권
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• pp.21.1-21.13
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• 2022

Background: Because particulate matter (PM) and asthma are closely related, the prevalence of school absence among adolescents with asthma can be affected by the concentration of PM. We aimed to investigate the relationship between school absences due to asthma and the total number of days that the PM concentration exceeded the standard. Methods: We used the data from the 16th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey and the PM levels of 17 metropolitan cities and provinces gathered from the AirKorea. Information on the characteristics of asthmatic adolescents and the prevalence of school absence was obtained using a questionnaire, while the PM levels based on the total number of days with poor and very poor PM grades were collected from the AirKorea website. Both χ² test and logistic regression analysis were performed using the weights presented in the original dataset. Results: In the case of particulate matter of 10 microns in diameter or smaller (PM₁₀), the odds ratio (OR) after adjusting for confounders (sex, school year, body mass index, smoking history, diagnosis of allergic rhinitis, diagnosis of atopic dermatitis and city size) was 1.07 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01-1.13) for absents due to asthma when the total days of poor and very poor grades of PM₁₀ (81 ㎍/m³ or higher) increased by 1 day. In the analysis of particulate matter of 2.5 microns in diameter or smaller (PM_2.5), the OR after adjusting for confounders was 1.01 (95% CI: 1.00-1.03) for absents due to asthma when the total number of days with poor and very poor PM_2.5 grades (36 ㎍/m³ or higher) increased by 1 day. Conclusions: A significant association was observed between the total number of days of poor and very poor PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 grades and school absence due to asthma; PM can cause asthma exacerbation and affect the academic life.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제26권7호
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• pp.652-660
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 전국에 산재한 총 152개 지점의 측정망으로부터, 6년 동안 월 단위로 요약 정리한 PM10 농도 자료를 이용하여 대한민국 주요 행정구역(7개시와 9개 도)에 대한 PM10 성분의 시공간적 분포 특성을 진단하였다. 16개 행정구역에 대한 PM10의 농도분포를 조사한 결과, PM10의 농도는 황사의 영향이 두드러지는 봄철에 가장 높은 농도를 나타내고 있었다. 그리고 강수의 양이 많은 여름철에 농도가 줄어드는 결과를 보이는데, 이는 배출원의 강도와 습식침적이 왕성하게 나타나는 기상환경 등의 영향을 반영한 결과라 할 수 있다. 지역적으로 PM10의 농도를 비교하면, 서울에서 $68.2{\mu}g/m^3$로 최고 농도를 보인데 반면, 제주도가 $39.2{\mu}g/m^3$로 최저 농도를 나타내었다. 전체 지역별로 보면, PM10의 농도는 대도시 지역으로 갈수록, 높은 농도를 나타내고 있는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 상관분석을 통하여 지역간 PM10 농도 분포의 공간적 상관성을 비교한 결과, 이를 통해 PM10 농도는 근접한 거리에서는 서로 영향을 주고 있다는 것도 확인하였다. 결과적으로 PM10 농도는 기상조건과 인위적인 배출원의 영향을 많이 받고 있다고 할 수가 있다.

• 지적과 국토정보
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.175-184
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• 2017

최근 미세먼지는 국내에서 중요한 사안으로 되어가고 있다. 왜냐하면 미세먼지는 호흡기 질환, 안과 질환과 같은 수많은 질병을 불러일으키기 때문이다. 본 연구는 GIS 공간분석 기술을 이용하여 PM10 관측소의 위치에 대한 적정성을 평가하기 위하여 공간정보의 활용 사례를 제시하였다. 미세먼지 측정소 최적 위치를 평가하기 위한 공간정보 활용사례는 국가 공간자료와 건강위해성과 밀접하게 관련있는 PM10 측정 자료의 최적 위치와 함께 조사되었다. 서울시에는 31개 관측소가 있으며, 이들 측정소에서 관측된 PM10 자료를 가지고 추정된 PM10 농도는 공간보간기법을 적용하여 적정한 측정소 위치평가기법을 제시하는데 적용하였다. 서울시에서 PM10 측정망의 농도지도와 IDW와 크리깅 방법으로 추정된 농도는 강우량, 유동인구, 초등학교 위치정보와 같은 국가공간정보와 비교하였다. 일평균, 계절평균, 연평균 등의 PM10 농도는 현재의 PM10 측정소 위치와 위치적정성을 분석하는데 사용하였다. PM10농도는 2015년 유동인구와 지역 통계분석법에 적용된 계산된 PM10 분포와 비교하였다. 국가공간데이터는 PM10 오염분포와 부가적인 PM10 모니터링 사이트를 분석하는데 적용 가능하였다. 본 연구의 향후 연구과제는 PM10 모니터링 측정소의 새로운 위치를 선정하는데 사용된 국가공간정보의 활용성을 제안하는데 있다.

• Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
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• 제35권
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• pp.51.1-51.15
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• 2023

Background: Recently, there has been increasing worldwide concern about outdoor air pollution, especially particulate matter (PM), which has been extensively researched for its harmful effects on the respiratory system. However, sufficient research on its effects on cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension, remains lacking. In this study, we examine the associations between PM levels and hypertension and hypothesize that higher PM concentrations are associated with elevated blood pressure. Methods: A total of 133,935 adults aged ≥ 40 years who participated in the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study were analyzed. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to investigate the short- (1-14 days), medium- (1 and 3 months), and long-term (1 and 2 years) impacts of PM on blood pressure. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the medium- and long-term effects of PM on blood pressure elevation after adjusting for sex, age, body mass index, health-related lifestyle behaviors, and geographic areas. Results: Using multiple linear regression analyses, both crude and adjusted models generated positive estimates, indicating an association with increased blood pressure, with all results being statistically significant, with the exception of PM levels over the long-term period (1 and 2 years) in non-hypertensive participants. In the logistic regression analyses on non-hypertensive participants, moderate PM₁₀ (particulate matter with diameters < 10 ㎛) and PM_2.5 (particulate matter with diameters < 2.5 ㎛) levels over the long-term period and all high PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 levels were statistically significant after adjusting for various covariates. Notably, high PM_2.5 levels of the 1 year exhibited the highest odds ratio of 1.23 (95% confidence interval: 1.19-1.28) after adjustment. Conclusions: These findings suggest that both short- and long-term exposure to PM is associated with blood pressure elevation.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.399-404
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• 2006

This study was carried out to investigate the population densities, R/S ratios, and identification of heterotrophic bacteria on the rhizosphere soil of halophyte Suaeda japonica found on the western and southern mudflats of Korea. The population densities of aerobic and anaerobic heterotrophic bacteria on the rhizosphere soil of Suaeda japonica were in the range of $1.3\;{\pm}\;0.3\;{\times}\;10^6\;{\sim}\;6.3\;{\pm}\;3.3\;{\times}\;10^7\;and\;2.8\;{\pm}\;1.3\;{\times}\;10^4\;{\sim}\;1.8\;{\pm}\;0.7\;{\times}\;10^7\;cfu\;g^{-1}\;d.\;wt.$, respectively. In case of physiologically specific bacteria, population densities of amylolytic bacteria on the rhizosphere soil of Suaeda japonica were in the range of $4.4\;{\pm}\;0.6\;{\times}\;10^6\;{\sim}\;2.5\;{\pm}\;1.2\;{\times}\;10^7\;cfu\;g^{-1}\;d.\;wt.$, those of cellulolytic bacteria were from $8.5\;{\pm}\;6.0\;{\times}\;10^4\;{\sim}\;2.3\;{\pm}\;1.6\;{\times}\;10^6\;cfu\;g^{-1}\;d.\;wt.$, and those of proteolytic bacteria were from $3.8\;{\pm}\;1.8\;{\times}\;10^5\;{\sim}\;4.2\;{\pm}\;2.9\;{\times}\;10^6\;cfu\;g^{-1}\;d.\;wt.$, respectively. The R/S ratios were ranged from 2.33 to 2.39. Among eleven isolates from the roots of halophyte Suaeda japonica of Goheung bay by using 16S rDNA analysis, five clones were closely related to ${\gamma}-Proteobacteria$ group and six clones were closely related to ${\alpha}-Proteobacteria$ group. Among four isolates from Suncheon bay, two strains were related to ${\gamma}-Proteobacteria$ group and another two were related to Actinobacteria and Bacilli group, respectively.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.71-75
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• 2014

Ambient air pollution (AAP) and particulate matters (PM) have been closely associated with adverse health effects such as respiratory disease and cardiovascular diseases. Previous studies have examined the adverse health effects associated with short- and long-term exposure to AAP and outdoor PM on respiratory disease. However, the effect of PM size ($PM_{2.5}$ and $PM_{10}$) on cardiovascular disease has not been well studied. Thus, it remains unclear how the size of the inhalable particles (coarse, fine, or ultrafine) affects mortality and morbidity. Airborne PM concentrations are commonly used for ambient air quality management worldwide, owing to the known effects on cardiorespiratory health. In this article, we assess the relationship between cardiovascular diseases and PM, with a particular focus on PM size. We discuss the association of $PM_{2.5}$ and $PM_{10}$, nitrogen dioxide ($NO_2$), and elemental carbon with mortality and morbidity due to cardiovascular diseases, stroke, and altered blood pressure, based on epidemiological studies. In addition, we provide evidence that the adverse health effects of AAP and PM are more pronounced among the elderly, children, and people with preexisting cardiovascular and respiratory conditions. Finally, we critically summarize the literature pertaining to cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis and stroke, and introduce potential studies to better understand the health significance of AAP and PM on cardiovascular disease.