• Title/Summary/Keyword: $PGE_1$

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Acute Oral Toxicity of Extract Derived from Fruiting Body of Phellinus gilvus in Rats

  • Bae, Jae-Sung;Jang, Kwang-Ho;Park, Sung-Guk;Jo, Woo-Sik;Rhee, Man-Hee;Kwon, Oh-Deog;Kim, Young-Hoan;Kim, Eun-Young;Park, Seung-Chun
    • Toxicological Research
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    • v.19 no.3
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    • pp.211-215
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    • 2003
  • This study was carried out to investigate the acute oral toxicity of a crude extract derived from fruiting body of Phellinus gilvus (PGE) using male and female SD rats. Groups consisted of five male and female rats were treated with a single dose of the test substance intragastrically at 0, 500, 1,000, 2,000, and 5,000 mg/kgaj, respectively. Clinical signs, body weight change, and food and water consumption change were observed for 14 days after administration. No mortality or abnormal clinical signs in animals were shown during the observation period at the dose used in this study. Also there was no difference in net body weight gain, water and food consumption or gross pathological findings at terminal sacrifice among the groups of rat treated with different doses of the test substance. The results suggested that acute oral toxicity of PGE in rats is very low at the conditions employed in this study and $LD_{50}$ of PGE was estimated to be over 5,000 mg/$\textrm{m}{\ell}$ in both sexes of rats.

Skin penetration enhancement of prostaglandin El and its ethyl ester for topical formulations

  • Kim, Hee-Kyu;Kim, Jong-Seok;Yang, Sung-Woon;Choi, Han-Gon;Yong, Chul-Soon;Choi, Young-Wook
    • Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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    • 2003.10b
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    • pp.224.3-225
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    • 2003
  • Purpose. To investigate the effect of different terpene enhancers on skin penetrations of prostaglandin El (PGE1) and its ethyl ester (PGE1-EE), a therapeutic agent for erectile dysfunction, external gel systems were formulated with the specific enhancers having different values in their lipophilicity (log P was ranged in 2.23-4.58). Methods. Topical gels containing PGEl (0.5 %) and PGEl-EE (0.1 %) were formulated with ethanol and propylene glycol as a vehicle, selective terpenes as a penetration enhancer, and HPC-H as a thickening agent. (omitted)

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The Study of Anti-inflammtory Mechanism with Bee Venom on Human Synoviocytes (인체(人體) 활막세포(滑膜細胞)를 대상으로 한 봉양침액(蜂藥鍼液)의 염증(炎症) 치료(治療) 기전(機轉) 연구(硏究))

  • Bae, Chul-woo;Song, Ho-sueb
    • Journal of Acupuncture Research
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    • v.21 no.3
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    • pp.121-131
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    • 2004
  • Objective : The purpose of this study was investigation how the bee venom(BV) prevents inflammation in human cell. Methods : we induced inflammation on human synoviocyte cell by lipopolysaccharide(LPS) and sodium nitroprusside(SNP), treated the bee venom and melittin on this cell, surveyed the expression of Nisotric oxide(NO), inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS), Cyclooxygenease-2(COX-2), cytolic phospholipase $A_2(cPLA_2)$, Prostaglandin $E_2(PGE_2)$ and nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$(NF-${\kappa}B$), and got below conclusions. Results : Compared with control 1. Expressions of LPS-induced $PGE_2$(BV 1, $5{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) and SNP-induced PGE2(BV 0.5, 1, $5{\mu}g/m{\ell}$)were decreased significantly. 2. Expressions of LPS-induced NO(BV 0.5, 1, $5{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) and SNP-induced NO(BV 1, $5{\mu}g/m{\ell}$)were decreased significantly. 3. Expressions of LPS-induced COX-2(BV 1, $5{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) and SNP-induced COX-2(BV $5{\mu}g/m{\ell}$)were decreased significantly. 4. Expressions of LPS-induced iNOS(BV 0.5, 1, $5{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) and SNP-induced iNOS(BV $5{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) were meanless by all dose. 5. Expressions of LPS-induced $cPLA_2$(BV 1, $5{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) and SNP-induced cPLA2(BV 1, $5{\mu}g/m{\ell}$)were decreased significantly. 6. Expressions of LPS-induced NF-${\kappa}B$(BV $5{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, melittin $5{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) and SNP-induced NF-${\kappa}B$(BV 0.5, 1, $5{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, melittin 5, $10{\mu}g/m{\ell}$)were decreased significantly. 7. Expressions of LPS-induced NF-${\kappa}B$ binding activity (BV $1{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, melittin $5{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, melittin $5{\mu}g/m{\ell}$+ DTT 20mM) were decreased significantly. Conclusion : The bee venom treatments on synoviocyte showed significant changes in LPS and SNP induced NO, iNOS, COX-2, cPLA2, PGE2 and NF-${\kappa}B$, these results suggest that bee venom is effective to inflammations and establish the process of bee venom therapy, so we expect active use of bee venom to control the inflammation.

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Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Salvia plebeia R. Br. Leaf through Heme Oxygenase-1 Induction in LPS-Stimulated RAW264.7 Macrophages (RAW264.7 대식세포에서 Heme Oxygenase-1 발현을 통한 배암차즈기(Salvia plebeia R. Br.) 잎 추출물의 항염증효과)

  • Jeong, Hye-Rim;Sung, Mi-Sun;Kim, Yung-Hwa;Ham, Hyeon-Mi;Choi, Young-Min;Lee, Jun-Soo
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.41 no.7
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    • pp.888-894
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    • 2012
  • Salvia plebeia R. Br. (Labiatae), distributed in many countries such as Korea, China, India, Iran, and Australia, is used as a folk remedy for a variety of inflammatory diseases including hepatitis, cough, diarrhea, gonorrhea, menorrhagia, tumors, and hemorrhoids. This study focused on determining the involvement of anti-inflammatory heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the inhibitory activity of an extract of Salvia plebeia R. Br. leaves (SPL) on nitric oxide (NO) production and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. SPL extract at the highest concentration (500 ${\mu}g/mL$) significantly inhibited NO production by approximately 85% and suppressed iNOS protein expression by approximately 90% compared to LPS-stimulated cells. The SPL extract induced the expression of HO-1 in a dose-dependent manner, and blocking HO-1 activity abolished the inhibitory effects of the SPL extract on NO production. These results suggest that an SPL extract has potent anti-inflammatory activity through HO-1 induction in RAW264.7 macrophages.

Changes of Arachidonic Acid Metabolites in Silica-Exposed Alveolar Macrophage of Rats (유리규산분진에 폭로된 흰쥐의 폐포대식세포에 있어 아라키돈산 대사산물의 변화)

  • Lim, Young;Yun, Im-Goung
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • v.39 no.4
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    • pp.304-309
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    • 1992
  • Background: The alveolar macrophage may metabolize arachidonic acid through cyclooxygenase- and lipoxygenase- catalyzed pathways to produce a variety of metabolites of arachidonic acid. The production of these metabolites of arachidonic acid may enhance the defensive ability of the challenged lung. However, continued stimulation with the consequent production of proinflammtory metabolites of arachidonic acid, may ultimately enhance the disease process by contributing to chronic bronchoconstriction, fibrosis, and the persistent release of toxic oxygen species. Silicosis is an example of a disease process resulting from chronic exposure of the lung to foreign particles. This study was carried out to evaluate the changes of arachidonic acid metabolites from macrophages in experimental silicosis. Methods: We measured $PGE_2$, and $LTB_4$ in cultured macrophages taken from rats by radioimmunoassay at 24 and 48 hours after stimulation by silica dust, natural carbon dust, lipopolysaccharide, calcium ionophore (A23187) and medium (RPMI) as a control. For the experimental silicosis, 50 mg silica in 0.5 ml saline was administered intratracheally into the rat and grown to 20 weeks and measured $PGE_2$, and $LTB_4$ in the cultured macrophages lavaged from that rat. The used stimulants were the same as above. Results: 1) The amount of $PGE_2$ in the cultred macrophages from normal rat was significantly decreased in the group which was stimulated with silica dust for 48 hours compare with control non-stimulated group. 2) In the experimental silicosis group, $PGE_2$, release in cultured macrophages after 48 hours incubation with silica and natural carbon dust tended to be lower than those of non-stimulated group. 3) There were marked changes of $LTB_4$ in the groups of normal rats which were incubated with silica for 24, 48 hours and natural carbon for 48 hours compared with non-stimulated group. 4) In the experimental silicosis group, the release of $LTB_4$ was significantly increased macrophages cultured with silica and natural carbon dust after 24 and 48 hours incubation compared with non-stimulated group. Conclusion: The results of these studies suggest that the in vitro exposure of rat alveolar macrophge to silica and coal dust results in an alteration in alveolar macrophage metabolism of arachidonic acid that may promote an inflammatory reaction in lung tissue.

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The anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory Activites of Changchulgeumryeontang Extract (창출금련탕(蒼朮芩連湯) 추출물의 항산화 및 항염증 활성에 미치는 영향)

  • Won, Hea-Ryeon;Park, Hye-Su;Kim, Ee-Hwa;Kim, Yong-Min
    • The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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    • v.31 no.4
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    • pp.1-12
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    • 2018
  • Objectives : This study investigated the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Changchulgeumryeontang (CCGRT) extract. Methods : The macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 cells were used and MTT assay was performed to measure the cell viabilities at the various concentrations of CCGRT ($25-200{\mu}g/m{\ell}$). Nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) were measured in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Expressions of iNOS, $NF-{\kappa}B$, $IL-1{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\beta}$ and IL-6 were also performed by real-time PCR. The anti-oxidant activities of CCGRT was measured by DPPH radical scavenging activity. Results : 1. there was no cytotoxicity in RAW264.7 cells treated with CCGRT compared to the control. 2. CCGRT treated group significantly inhibited NO and $PGE_2$ production compared to the LPS treated group. 3. CCGRT treated group significantly decreased mRNA expressions of iNOS, $NF-{\kappa}B$, $IL-1{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\beta}$ and IL-6 compared to the LPS treated group. 4. CCGTR was found to have high DPPH free radical scavenging ability. Conclusions : According to the above results, CCGRT may be a potentional choice for the treatment of inflammatory skin disease. Conclusions : According to the above results, CCGRT may be a potentional choice for the treatment of inflammatory skin disease.

Bee Venom-induced Growth Inhibition of Human Lung Cancer Cells was Associated with Inhibition of Prostagladin E2 Production and Telomerase Activity. (인체폐암세포에서 봉독에 의한 prostagladin E2 생성 및 telomerase 활성 저하)

  • Kim, Jong-Hwan;Hwang, Won-Deuk;Kim, Byung-Woo;Choi, Yung-Hyun
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.19 no.4
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    • pp.502-507
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    • 2009
  • In modern oriental medicine, bee venom therapy is being used for aqua-acupuncture to relieve pain and to cure inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and gout. Bee venom therapy has been processed and reported in many experimental studies, with regard to its effects on pain alleviation, anti-inflammation, removal of fever, anti-convulsion, suppression of tumor and immunity strengthening, etc., however, its mechanism of action, molecular targeting on prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) production and telomere length regulation in human cancer remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of bee venom on the levels of cyclooxygenases (COXs) and telomere regulatory components of A549 human lung cancer cells. Bee venom-induced anti-proliferative effects of A549 cells were associated with the inhibition of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) as well as human telomerase RNA (hTR), transcription factor c-myc and the activity of telomerase. In addition, bee venom treatment markedly decreased the levels of COX-2 mRNA and protein expression without significant changes in the expression of COX-1, which was correlated with a decrease in $PGE_2$ synthesis. Taken together, these findings provide important new insights into the possible molecular mechanisms of the anti-cancer activity of bee venom.

Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of extracts from red beet (Beta vulagaris) root (레드 비트 뿌리 추출물의 항산화 및 항염증 효과)

  • Yi, Mi-Ran;Kang, Chang-Hee;Bu, Hee-Jung
    • Food Science and Preservation
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    • v.24 no.3
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    • pp.413-420
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    • 2017
  • This study was designed to examine the in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of red beet (Beta vulagaris) root. Red beet root was extracted using 70% ethanol and then fractionated sequentially with n-hexane, ethyl acetate and butanol. Antioxidative ability was evaluated by bioassays using total polyphenol contents and ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid diammonium salt) radical scavenging activity. Ethyl acetate fraction of red beet root was best on total polyphenol contents ($37.02{\pm}0.37mg\;GAE/g$) and ABTS radical scavenging effects ($IC_{50}$ $42.9{\pm}9.5{\mu}g/mL$). For the anti-inflammatory activity in RAW264.7 cells, the hexane fraction showed the highest inflammatory effect. Dose response studies were performed to determine the inhibitory effect of hexane fraction of red beet root on pro-inflammatory mediators in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. The hexane fraction of red beet root inhibited the NO and $PGE_2$ production and the protein level of iNOS and COX-2, and protein expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines ($TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-6 and $IL-1{\beta}$), in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that red beet root has considerable potential as a functional food ingredient with antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects.

In vitro Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Ethanol Extract and Sequential Fractions of Flowers of Prunus persica in LPS-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Macrophages (복숭아꽃 에탄올 추출물과 분획물의 in vitro 항산화 효과 및 RAW 264.7 대식세포에서의 항염증 효과)

  • Kwak, Chung Shil;Choi, Hye-In
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.44 no.10
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    • pp.1439-1449
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    • 2015
  • Prunus persica Flos (PPF) were investigated for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities to find a natural functional food resource preventing degenerative diseases associated with excessive oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. PPF was extracted using ethanol (EtOH) and then sequentially fractioned by hexane (Hx), dichloromethane (DM), ethyl acetate (EA), n-butanol (BtOH), and water (DW). Contents of total phenolics and flavonoids, as well as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activities were measured. Anti-inflammatory effects in terms of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin (PG) E2, and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$ production were also measured using LPS-treated RAW 264.7 macrophages. EtOH extract showed relatively high antioxidant activity with high total phenolic (78.1 mg tannic acid/g) and flavonoid contents (55.3 mg rutin/g). EA fraction contained the highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents (394.6 mg tannic acid/g, 253.7 mg rutin/g), followed by BtOH (128.3 mg tannic acid/g, 93.1 mg rutin/g). EA and BtOH fractions and EtOH extract showed higher DPPH radical and ABTS radical scavenging activities than the others (P<0.05). In LPS-treated RAW 264.7 macrophages, EtOH extract ($200{\mu}g/mL$) showed significantly reduced (P<0.05) NO, PGE2, and TNF-${\alpha}$ production levels to 38.5%, 32.3%, and 48.9% of the control, respectively, as well as reduced iNOS and COX-2 protein expression. DM fraction ($50{\mu}g/mL$) showed significantly reduced (P<0.05) NO, PGE2, IL-6, and TNF-${\alpha}$ production levels to 43.5%, 13.3%, 38.7%, and 41.3% of the control, respectively, and EA fraction ($50{\mu}g/mL$) showed significantly reduced NO, PGE2, IL-6, and TNF-${\alpha}$ production levels to 44.8%, 22.4%, 45.7%, and 62.0% of the control, respectively. Taken together, EtOH extract of PPF showed potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, and EA and BtOH fractions showed comparatively stronger antioxidant activities while DM and EA fractions showed stronger anti-inflammatory activities. It can be concluded that EtOH extract of PPF and its fractions are good candidates as natural resources for the development of anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory functional food products.

Anti-inflammatory Effects of Gamiyunjo-tang on Lipopolysaccharide Induced Inflammatory Responses in RAW 264.7 Cells (가미윤조탕(加味潤燥湯)이 LPS로 유도된 RAW 264.7 대식세포에서의 항염 효과 연구)

  • Choi, Jong-Min;Kim, Yong-Min;Kim, Hee-Taek
    • The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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    • v.28 no.1
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    • pp.23-31
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    • 2015
  • Objectives : Allergic disease has been well known as an IgE-dependent immunologic response. Recently, interest about the late inflammatory reaction has grown up as well as early allergic reaction characterized by IgE and mast cell. The purpose of this study was to find the anti-inflammatory effect of Gamiyunjo-tang(GMYJT) in allergic reaction. Methods : The experiment was performed using Raw 264.7 cells pretreated with GMYJT extracts. In this study, we observed the toxicity of cells by MTT analysis and measured the production of LPS-induced NO, $PGE_2$, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$ at a concentration of 50, 100, 200 and $400{\mu}g/ml$. Results : No toxicity of GMYJT (50, 100, 200, $400{\mu}g/ml$) on RAW 264.7 cells was found after 24 hours incubation. LPS-induced NO production was reduced after treatment with GMYJT (100, 200, $400{\mu}g/ml$)(P<0.05). $PGE_2$ was reduced after treatment with GMYJT (100, 200, $400{\mu}g/ml$)(P<0.05). IL-$1{\beta}$ did not decrease at any dose. IL-6 decreased at 200, $400{\mu}g/ml$(P<0.05). TNF-${\alpha}$ production decreased only at $400{\mu}g/ml$(P<0.05). Conclusions : These data suggest that GMYJT has anti-inflammatory effects in late allergic reaction.