• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.108-119
• /
• 2009

Objectives : This study was carried out to investigate the effects of Samhwangseje(SHSJ) on anti-Inflammation in Raw 264.7 cell. Methods : The effects of SHSJ on anti-Inflammation were measured by the cytotoxicity of Raw 264.7 cell, the inhibition for NO, TNF-$\alpha$, $PGE_{2}$, iNOS and COX-2, the blocking NF-${\kappa}B$ into nucleus. Results : 1. All concentrations of SHSJ had no cytotoxicity in Raw 264.7 cell. 2. All concentrations of SHSJ inhibited the production of NO in the Raw 264.7 cell stimulated with LPS. 3. All concentrations of SHSJ did not inhibit the production of TNF-$\alpha$ in the Raw 264.7 cell stimulated with LPS. 4. All concentrations of SHSJ inhibited the production of $PGE_{2}$ in the Raw 264.7 cell stimulated with LPS. 5. All concentrations of SHSJ did not inhibit the expression of COX-2 but concentrations of 50 ${\mu}g/ml$, 100 ${\mu}g/ml$ SHSJ inhibited iNOS expression in the Raw 264.7 cell stimulated with LPS. 6. Concentrations of 50 ${\mu}g/ml$, 100 ${\mu}g/ml$ SHSJ had the effect of blocking NF-${\kappa}B$ into nucleus in LPS-induced macrophage Raw 264.7 cell.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.247-266
• /
• 1990

The alveolar bone remodeling is essential in tooth movement by orthodontic forces. The collagen and chondroitin sulfate are acting as an important roles in bone remodeling. This study was performed to measure out the quantity of the collagen and chondroitin sulfate in the alveolar bone of rats applied by experimental orthodontic forces. The 150 Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into the $PGE_2$ treated group, indomethacin treated group and the normal group. A 80gm force rubber band was used as a orthodontic appliance between upper incisors and right upper 1st molar, and left side of experimental rats with no appliance was regarded as a control side. The samples of alveolar bones were obtained from pressure and tension sites in all three groups. respectively, and in control sides, too. The results were as follows. 1. The change in total collagen remains stable in both pressure and tension sites of all three groups, compared with control side by the time consuming. 2. The change in soluble collagen showed the most highest level in tension site, lowest level in pressure site of $PGE_2$ treated group in 5th. experimental day. 3. The change in chondroitin sulfate showed the most highest level in pressure site, lowest level in tension site of $PGE_2$ treated group in 5th. experimental day. 4. In indomethacin treated group, the change of soluble collagen and chondroitin sulfate showed small range of variance compared with $PGE_2$ treated and normal group.

• Development and Reproduction
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.111-117
• /
• 2019

This study focused on the association of prostaglandins and a progestin, $17{\alpha}$, $20{\beta}P$-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one ($17{\alpha}20{\beta}P$) during the ovulation process in longchin goby, Chasmichthys dolichognathus. We performed several in vitro experiments using $850-920{\mu}m$ diameter oocytes which were at the migratory nucleus stage. With the $890-920{\mu}m$ diameter oocytes, no significant difference in ovulation was observed in any of the prostaglandins (PGE1, PGE2, and $PGF2{\alpha}$) treated groups although PGE2 and $PGF2{\alpha}$ at concentrations of 50 ng/mL increased ovulation slightly compared with controls; however, $17{\alpha}20{\beta}P$ production was stimulated with PGE1 alone at low concentrations (5 ng/mL). In $850{\mu}m$ diameter oocytes, $PGF2{\alpha}$ at concentrations of 50 and 500 ng/mL resulted in a significant increase in ovulation. $17{\alpha}20{\beta}P$ (50 ng/mL) alone had no observable effect on ovulation, but in the combined of $PGF2{\alpha}$ 50 or 500 ng/mL it caused the greatest effect on ovulation. The sensitivity of oocytes to the induction of ovulation varies between 850 and $890-920{\mu}m$, it appeared to vary depending on the migration status of nucleus. These results suggest that $PGF2{\alpha}$ (or combined of $17{\alpha}20{\beta}P$) was more potent in inducing ovulation of the longchin goby.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.16-32
• /
• 2016

Objective : The water extract of Bojungikgi-tang (BTE) composed with Ginseng Radix, Astragali Radix, Angelicae gigantis Radix, Atractylodes Rhizoma alba, Aurantii nobilis Pericarpium, Glycyrrhizae Radix, Cimicifuga Rhizoma, and Bupleuri Radix and it has been traditionally used for chronic diseases or weakness after illness in oriental countries. However, little is known about the effects of aqueous extract of BTE on trimellitic anhydride (TMA)-induced contact hypersensitivity (CHS). Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of BTE on TMA-induced CHS in BALB/c mice.Methods : In this study, the extract of BTE was prepared by extracting with distilled water at 100℃ for 2.5 h. The extract was freeze-dried following filtration through 0.45 μm filter. Mice were orally administrated with or without BTE extract of different doses (25-200 ㎎/㎏/day) for 28 days. During the challenge period, mice were externally applied with different doses of BTE extract one time per day 30 min before TMA treatment. I examined the effects of BTE on the serum levels of IgE, IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b, nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) production in isolated peritoneal macrophages, Th2 cytokine production in isolated spleen cells, ear swelling responses, and the leukocyte infiltration induced by TMA.Results : The orally and externally administration of BTE dose-dependently reduced the serum levels of hapten-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE), IgG1 titer, and PGE₂ production as well as ear swelling responses and leukocyte infiltration in TMA-induced BALB/c mice. The levels of NO and PGE₂ production from peritoneal macrophages stimulated with TMA-BSA were markedly suppressed by pretreatment with BTE in a concentration dependent manner. Furthermore, the levels of Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13) production from spleen cells stimulated with ConA were markedly suppressed by BTE treatment in a concentration dependent manner.Conclusions : These results suggest that BTE treatment suppresses chronic contact hypersensitivity, and it can be assumed that the suppression of ear swelling, serum IgE, NO and PGE₂ levels, leukocyte infiltration, and Th2 cytokines in an animal model. Therefore, these properties may contribute to the strong anti-CHS response effect of BTE.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.131-137
• /
• 2014

Objectives : This study is to investigate the effects of Acanthopanacis Cortex hot aqueous extract on nitric oxide(NO), prostaglandin E2(PGE2) production and DPPH(1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl) radical scavenging activity in macrophages. Methods : Acanthopanacis Cortex(200 g) was heated at $100^{\circ}C$ with distilled water(2 L) for 4hrs. The extract was filtered and concentrated to 100 ml using a rotary evaporator and was frozen at $-80^{\circ}C$, then was freeze-dried. The RAW 264.7 macrophages were subcultured. In order to evaluate cytotoxicity, MTT assay was performed. Experimental groups were divided into five(control, AC 25, 50, 100 and 200 ${\mu}g/ml$) and we measured cytotoxicity. The concentrations of NO were preprocessed by Griess assay. The RAW 264.7 macrophages was pretreated by 10 ${\mu}g/ml$ LPS and experimental groups were divided into five and we measured NO production. The concentrations of $PGE_2$ were measured by enzyme immunoassay. The RAW 264.7 macrophages was pretreated by 10 ${\mu}g/ml$ LPS. Experimental groups were divided into five and we measured $PGE_2$ production. Antioxidant activity was measured by the DPPH method. experimental groups were divided into four(AC 25, 50, 100 and 200 ${\mu}g/ml$) and we measured DPPH radical scavenging activity. Results : 1. Viability of RAW 264.7 macrophages did not significantly decrease in 25, 50 and 100 ${\mu}g/ml$ Acanthopanacis Cortex hot aqueous extract compared to control group. 2. NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages significantly inhibited in 100, 200 ${\mu}g/ml$ Acanthopanacis Cortex hot aqueous extract compared to control group. 3. $PGE_2$ production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages significantly inhibited in 100, 200 ${\mu}g/ml$ Acanthopanacis Cortex hot aqueous extract compared to control group. 4. DPPH radical scavenging capability of Acanthopanacis Cortex hot aqueous extract in RAW 264.7 macrophages had the high level in 100, 200 ${\mu}g/ml$. Conclusion : According to the results, Acanthopanacis Cortexx hot aqueous extract has ability to suppress NO, $PGE_2$ production and improve DPPH free radical scavenging activity. So Acanthopanacis Cortex hot aqueous extract may have an anti-inflammation effect and antioxidant activity.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.85-88
• /
• 1992

Buerger's disease is a chronic occlusive arterial disease in which a non-arteriosclerotic lesion involves medium-sized arteries, veins, and nerves of the distal leg or arm. Sympathetic interruption is indicated to improve blood flow to the involved extremity, although sympathetic blockade can provide temporally relief of vasospasm and pain. Chemical or surgical sympathectomy has been performed for this purpose and intravenous regional sympathetic block(IRSB) is an alternative. Guanethidine or reserpine has been administered for IRSB. Intraarterial or intravenous systemic administration of prostaglandin E1(PGE1) has been recommended for the treatment of Buerger's disease. We used PGE1 for intravenous regional administration as an IRSB with results as good as that of intraarterial injection. The advantages of the method include that it is less expensive than systemic administration, less invasive than intra-arterial injection, and simple in technical application.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.33 no.1
• /
• pp.305-308
• /
• 2012

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
• /
• 2003.04a
• /
• pp.296.1-296.1
• /
• 2003

Purpose. External gel formulations of prostaglandin E1 ethyl ester (PGE1-EE), a prod rug of PGE1 as a therapeutic agent for erectile dysfunction, were tried and evaluated by in vitro skin penetration characteristics and in vivo pharmacodynamic effects in cat. Method. The in vitro skin penetration was performed with Franz diffusion cell and examined in aspects of alcohol/polyol ratios and various enhancers. (omitted)

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.50 no.3
• /
• pp.354-360
• /
• 2022

This research was designed to evaluate the possible anti-inflammatory effects of Carex scabrifolia Steud. extract using RAW264.7 cells. The assessments of these effects were based on cell viability assay, mRNA expression levels of interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), and levels of nitric oxide (NO)/prostaglandin E2 (PGE₂) production. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction showed that treatment with C. scabrifolia Steud. extract decreased the mRNA levels of iNOS, COX2, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα. Furthermore, from the production levels of PGE₂/NO, it can be inferred that C. scabrifolia Steud. extract exhibited anti-inflammatory properties. These results suggest that C. scabrifolia Steud. extract contains anti-inflammatory compound(s), and consequently, that it may have applications as a potent cosmeceutical material.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.287-293
• /
• 2012

Lycopene, found in tomatoes and tomato products, has antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory effects. High-mobility-group box 1 (HMGB1) mediates the pro-inflammatory responses in several inflammatory diseases. In this study, the potential roles of lycopene in the HMGB1-mediated pro-inflammatory gene expressions in the primary human-umbilical-vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were investigated. The data showed that HMGB1 upregulated the expressions of monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2)-IIA, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Lycopene pre-incubation for 6 h decreased the HMGB1-mediated induction of MCP-1, IL-6, sPLA2-IIA, and PGE2. Further study revealed that the inhibitory effects of lycopene on the HMGB-1 induced expression of pro-inflammatory genes were mediated by the inhibition of two important inflammatory cytokines: tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$ and nuclear factor (NF)-${\kappa}B$. These results suggest that HMGB1 upregulated the expression of pro-inflammatory genes and lycopene inhibited HMGB-1-induced pro-inflammatory genes by inhibiting TNF-${\alpha}$ and NF-${\kappa}B$. This finding will serve as an important evidence in the development of a new medicine for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.