• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.67-76
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• 2006

본 논문은 수직 절리가 잘 발달된 지하수위가 높은 화산암질 지반에서 직경 3.3m의 도수터널 굴착을 하는 수력발전소 건설공사 내용이다. 취수시설은 발전소로부터 20.3km 상류에 위치하고 있으며, 20km의 도수터널과 연결되어 있고 440m의 낙차고를 갖는 펜스탁이 발전소와 연결되어 있다. 현장의 지질 조건은 전형적인 칼데라 호수인 토바호에 의해 지반 침식과 수직방향의 인장균열이 발달하였으며 이로 인해 지반의 초기응력이 이완되었다. 높은 지하수위(최대 수두 200m)를 가진 잘 발달된 수직 절리를 터널이 관통하면서 막대한 양의 지하수가 터널내로 유입되었다. 터널 굴착은 개방형 쉴드 TBM과 버럭반출에는 철로와 기관차를 사용하였다. 터널 내로의 유입수가 터널 바닥면에서 70cm 높이에 다다르고 이는 터널 직경(3.9m)의 17%에 해당하였다. 생산성을 향상하기 위해서 TBM과 버럭반출 차량과 같은 몇 가지의 개선과 수중펌프를 증설하는 방안을 사용하였다. 굴착 중에 만난 지반 조건이 설계보다 상당히 불량하여 RC라이닝에서 지하수 유입, 암반조건, 수압 등에 따라 PC 세그먼트 라이닝 또는 PC 세그먼트 라이닝과 현장타설 RC 라이닝, RC 라이닝, 그리고 강재 라이닝이 적용되었다. 이 PC 세그먼트 라이닝의 도입과 TBM과 다른 장비의 개조 및 개선을 통해서 심각한 지하수 조건 하에서 터널 굴착 공사를 성공적으로 완료하였다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.162-166
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• 2007

The ITO thin films were prepared by facing targets sputtering (FTS) system on polycarbonate (PC) substrate. The ITO thin films were deposited with a film thickness of 100 nm at room temperature. As a function of sputtering conditions, electrical and optical properties of prepared ITO thin films were measure. The electrical and optical characteristics of the ITO thin films were evaluted by Hall Effect Measurement (EGK) and UV/VIS spectrometer (HP), respectively. From the results, the ITO thin films was deposited with a resistivity $8{\times}10^{4}\;{\Omega}-cm$ and transmittance over 80 %.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.193-216
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• 2007

Objectives : The aim of this study was to examine the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) at the PC8 on normal human beings by using power spectral analysis. Methods : EEG (Electroencephalogram) power spectrum exhibits site-specific and state-related differences in specific frequency bands. In this study, power spectrum was used as a measure of complexity. 32 channels EEG study was carried out in 20 subjects (20 males; age=26.8 years old). Results : In ${\alpha}(alpha)$ band, the power values at F7, F8, P3 channels(p<0.05) during the $PC_8-acupoint$ treatment significantly decreased. In ${\beta}(beta)$ band, the power values at F4, F8, P3 channels(P<0.05) during the PC8-acupoint treatment significantly decreased. In ${\delta}(delta)$ band, the power values at F7, F8, P3 Po2 channels(p<0.05) during the $PC_8-acupoint$ treatment significantly decreased. In ${\theta}(theta)$ band, the power values at F7, Fz, F4 F8, FTC1, FTC2, CP2, TT2, P3, Pz, Po2 channels(p<0.05) during the PC8-acupoint treatment significantly decreased. Conclusions : This results suggest that Electroacupuncture at the PC8 mostly affect the change on theta(11 channels) bands.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.46-51
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• 2011

PC88A, D2EHPA, Cyanex272, Versatic acid10, D2EHPA+Alamine-304-1, D2EHPA+Alamine-308, D2EHPA+TBP, D2EHPA+TOPO, PC88A+Alamine-336, PC88A+TBP와 같은 단독 및 혼합추출제를 사용하여 Nd의 용매추출실험을 수행했다. 수용액의 평형 pH와 추출제의 농도가 증가함에 따라 Nd의 추출율은 증가하였다. 그러나 D2EHPA와 TBP 혼합추출제로 추출시에는 추출제의 농도증가에 따라 Nd의 추출율이 감소하였다. PC88A에 TBP를 첨가하는 것은 Nd의 추출에 거의 영향을 미치지 않았으나, Alamine336을 첨가하면 동일한 조건에서 추출율이 증가하였다. 실험결과로부터 단독 및 혼합추출제에 의한 Nd의 추출에 대해 고찰하였다.

• 약학회지
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.156-161
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• 2005

Tetrahydropapaveroline (THP) at 5-15 ${\mu}$M has been found to induce L-DOPA-induced oxidative apoptosis in PC12 cells. In this study, the inhibitory effects of THP on dopamine bios ynthesis in PC12 cells and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity in bovine adrenal were investigated. Treatment of PC12 cells with THP at 2.5-10 ${\mu}$M significantly decreased the intracellular dopamine content in a concentration-dependent manner (18.3% inhibition at 10 ${\mu}$M THP). In these conditions, TH activity was markedly inhibited by the treatment with THP at 2.5-10 ${\mu}$M in PC12 cells (23.4% inhibition at 10 $\mu$ M THP). In addition, THP had an inhibitory effect on bovine adrenal TH activity IC50 value, 153.9${\mu}$M). THP exhibited uncompetitive inhibition on bovine adrenal TH activity with a substrate L-tyrosine with the KI value of 0.30 mM. Treatment with L-DOPA at 20~50 ${\mu}$M increased the intracellular dopamine content in PC12 cells, and the increase in dopamine content by L-DOPA was inhibited in part when THP at non-cytotoxic (5-10 ${\mu}$M) or cytotoxic (15${\mu}$M) concentrations was associated with L-DOPA (20 and 50 ${\mu}$M) for 24 h incubation. These results suggest that THP at 5-10${\mu}$M decreases the basal dopamine content and reduces the increased dopamine content induced by L-DOPA in part by the inhibition of TH activity, and that THP at 15${\mu}$M also decreases dopamine content by oxidative stress in PC12 cells.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제20권7호
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• pp.991-998
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• 2010

저산소상태(hypoxia)는 세포유형 및 성장조건에 따라 apoptosis를 유발하거나 또는 apoptosis의 진행을 억제한다. 저산소상태 유발물질인 cobalt chloride ($CoCl_2$) 역시 여러 세포 유형에서 apoptosis를 유발한다고 알려져 있으나 그 기작은 불명확하다. 본 연구에서는 PC-3 세포에서 $CoCl_2$에 의해 down-regulation되는 puromycin-sensitive aminopeptidase (PSA)의 세포 내 기능을 조사하였다. 본 연구 결과, PC-3 세포에 puromycin을 처리한 결과 전체 세포 집단의 약 42%에서 apoptosis가 유도되었다. PSA가 apoptosis에 관여하는지를 확인하고자 PSA siRNA로 내재성 PSA의 발현을 억제시킨 다음 apoptosis 연관 특성을 조사한 결과 PSA의 발현 억제에 의해 효과적으로 apoptosis가 유도되었다. 이러한 결과는 PC-3 세포에서 PSA가 세포생존에 중요한 역할을 할 것임을 보여주는 것이라 사료된다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 1993년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.141-143
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• 1993

A nontoxic organic photoreceptor for near infrared light has been developed. A double layered photoreceptor using $\tau$-H$_2$Pc as the CGL was made. The CTL was formed by oxadiazole derivative dispersed in two other host polymers. This photoreceptor has a charge acceptance of -900 V when a corona charge is used, and has residual potentials of -20 V for PC, and -10 V for PVB by light irradiation.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2007년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.8
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• pp.505-506
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• 2007

Organic photovoltaic effects were studied in a device structure of ITO/CuPc/Al and ITO/CuPc/$C_{60}$/BCP/Al. A thickness of CuPc layer was varied from 10 nm to 50 nm, we have obtained that the optimum CuPc layer thickness is around 40 nm from the analysis of the current density-voltage characteristics in CuPc single layer photovoltaic cell. From the thickness-dependent photovoltaic effects in CuPc/$C_{60}$ heterojunction devices, higher power conversion efficiency was obtained in ITO/20nm CuPc/40nm $C_{60}$/Al, which has a thickness ratio (CuPc/$C_{60}$) of 1:2 rather than 1:1 or 1:3. Light intensity on the device was measured by calibrated Si-photodiode and radiometer/photometer of International Light Inc(IL 14004).

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 1999년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.374-377
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to research and develop solid polymer electrolyte(SPE) for Li polymer battery. This paper describes temperature dependence of conductivity, impedance spectroscopy, electrochemical properties of PVDF/PAN electrolytes as a function of a mixed ratio. PVDF/PAN based polymer electrolyte films were prepared by thermal gellification method of preweighed PVDF/PAN, plasticizer and Li salt. The conductivity of PVDF/PAN electrolytes was 10-3S/cm. 20PVDF5PANLiCIO$_4$PC$\sub$10//EC$\sub$10/ electrolyte shows the better conductivity of the others. 20P7DF5PANLiCI$_4$PC$\sub$10//EC$\sub$10/ electrolyte remains stable up to 5V vs. Li/Li$\^$+/. Steady state current method and ac impedance used for the determination of transference numbers in PVDF/PAN electrolyte film. The transference number of 20PVDF5ANLICIO$_4$/PC $\sub$10//EC$\sub$10/ electrolyte is 0.48

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.411-417
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• 2016

Objectives: The aims of this study were to determine the indoor level of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and to assess the implementation rate of smoke-free laws at hospitality venues around a university campus by measuring particulate matter smaller than $2.5{\mu}m$ ($PM_{2.5}$) as an indicator of ETS. Materials and Methods: We measured indoor $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations at 20 PC game rooms, 20 pubs, and 20 billiards halls using Sidepak AM510, a direct reading portable real time monitor, from October to December 2015. Results: Smoking was observed in 65% of the PC game rooms, 10% of pubs, and 85% of billiards halls. The average $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations were $98.2{\mu}g/m^3$, $29.0{\mu}g/m^3$, and $134.2{\mu}g/m^3$ at PC game rooms, pubs, and billiards halls, respectively. $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations in PC game rooms and billiards halls were 2 to 2.7 times higher than the 24-hour exposure standard for outdoor $PM_{2.5}$ ($50{\mu}g/m^3$) by the Ministry of Environment. Conclusions: Although a smoking ban has been implemented for PC rooms and pubs, smoking is still taking place in many of these places. More stringent legal action is required for successfully protecting patrons and workers from secondhand smoke exposure. A ban on smoking in billiards halls should be introduced as quickly as possible.