• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.398-408
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the frequency of urinary incontinence and lower urinary symptoms, to identify lifestyle and sexual matters for UI of adult women in an urban area. Method: The sample consisted of 364 educated women from a women's health education program in a public health center. For data collection, the Bristol Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Questionnaire developed by Jackson, et. al.(1996) and the demographic questionnaire were used. For data analysis, SAS 8.2 program was used. Result: The results were as follows: 1. the prevalence rate of UI was 73.63%. 45.88% of them were stress incontinence and 27.75% of them were urge incontinence. 2. Remarkable differences were found between the type of UI and LUTS in the case of urgency($x^2=42.0585$, P<0.001), unexplained incontinence($x^2=59.0585$, P<0.001), noctural incontinence($x^2=18.8080$, P<0.001) and catetherization($x^2=10.7207$, P= 0.004), burning sense($x^2=27.7400$, P<0.001). 3. Remarkable differences were found between the type of UI and lifestyle matters in the cases as follows fluid intake restriction($x^2=31.0532$, P=0.008), interference in physical activity($x^2=36.7481$, P=0.001), interference in relation with others($x^2=22.2729$, P=0.034). 4. Remarkable differences were found between the type of UI and sexual matters with difficulty of sexual intercourse($x^2=16.1898$, P=0.002), and urine leakage during sexual intercourse($x^2=17.9752$, P=0.001). Conclusion: Based on the results, developing and carrying out an adequate UI care and education program is needed.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.24 no.1_2
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• pp.437-448
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• 2007

Suppose K is a nonempty closed convex nonexpansive retract of a real uniformly convex Banach space E with P as a nonexpansive retraction. Let $T_1,\;T_2\;and\;T_3\;:\;K{\rightarrow}E$ be nonexpansive mappings with nonempty common fixed points set. Let $\{\alpha_n\},\;\{\beta_n\},\;\{\gamma_n\},\;\{\alpha'_n\},\;\{\beta'_n\},\;\{\gamma'_n\},\;\{\alpha'_n\},\;\{\beta'_n\}\;and\;\{\gamma'_n\}$ be real sequences in [0, 1] such that ${\alpha}_n+{\beta}_n+{\gamma}_n={\alpha}'_n+{\beta'_n+\gamma}'_n={\alpha}'_n+{\beta}'_n+{\gamma}'_n=1$, starting from arbitrary $x_1{\in}K$, define the sequence $\{x_n\}$ by $$\{zn=P({\alpha}'_nT_1x_n+{\beta}'_nx_n+{\gamma}'_nw_n)\;yn=P({\alpha}'_nT_2z_n+{\beta}'_nx_n+{\gamma}'_nv_n)\;x_{n+1}=P({\alpha}_nT_3y_n+{\beta}_nx_n+{\gamma}_nu_n)$$ with the restrictions $\sum^\infty_{n=1}{\gamma}_n<\infty,\;\sum^\infty_{n=1}{\gamma}'_n<\infty,\; \sum^\infty_{n=1}{\gamma}'_n<\infty$. (i) If the dual $E^*$ of E has the Kadec-Klee property, then weak convergence of a $\{x_n\}$ to some $x^*{\in}F(T_1){\cap}{F}(T_2){\cap}(T_3)$ is proved; (ii) If $T_1,\;T_2\;and\;T_3$ satisfy condition(A'), then strong convergence of $\{x_n\}$ to some $x^*{\in}F(T_1){\cap}{F}(T_2){\cap}(T_3)$ is obtained.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.211-218
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• 1982

The specific heat capacity and density of soybean oil and soy protein composing of the soybean curd were measured between $30^{\circ}C\;and\;-40^{\circ}C$. The thermal conductivity of soybean oil was measured to be 0.160 and 0.140, $W/m{\cdot}K$ at unfrozen and frozen states, respectively. The effective thermal conductivity of the soybean curd depended not only on its water content but also on its fat and protein contents.

• Applied Science and Convergence Technology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.70-73
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• 2017

The dielectric constant and loss of poling/non-poling was measured in the $Pb_{1-3x/2}La_x[(Mg_{1/3}Ta_{2/3})_{0.66}Zr_{0.34}]O_3$ samples. The addition of $La^{3+}$ to the $Pb_{1-3x/2}La_x[(Mg_{1/3}Ta_{2/3})_{0.66}Zr_{0.34}]O_3$ did not cause a large change in grain size. But the addition of $La^{3+}$ did show transition temperature, which shifted toward low temperature in the $Pb[(Mg_{1/3}Ta_{2/3})Zr]O_3$ systems. In addition, the dielectric and pyroelectric properties (${\varepsilon}{\sim}20000$, $p{\sim}0.03C/m^2K$) of this system using $La^{3+}$ have been greatly improved. Pyroelectrics $Pb_{0.97}La_{0.02}(Mg_{1/3}Ta_{2/3})_{0.66}Zr_{0.34}]O_3$ system was found to have a relatively high ferroelectric FOMs ($F_V{\sim}0.035m^2/C$, $F_D{\sim}0.52{\times}10^{-4}Pa^{-1/2}$) at room temperature. Spontaneous polarization showed a value of $0.27{\sim}0.35C/m^2$ in the composition added to $La^{3+}$. The piezoelectric constant ($d_{33}=350{\sim}490pC/N$) and electromechanical coupling factor ($k_P=0.25{\sim}0.35$) are obtained in $Pb_{1-3x/2}La_x[(Mg_{1/3}Ta_{2/3})_{0.66}Zr_{0.34}]O_3$ compositions with $La^{3+}$ dopant.

• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.807-824
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• 2011

It has been proved that if $\mathbb{X}^{(s,s)}$ is the union of two linear star-configurations in $\mathbb{P}^2$ of type $s{\times}s$, then $(I_{\mathbb{X}^{(s,s)}})_s{\neq}\{0\}$ for s = 3, 4, 5, and $(I_{\mathbb{X}^{(s,s)}})_s=\{0\}$ for $s{\geq}6$. We extend $\mathbb{P}^2$ to $\mathbb{P}^n$ and show that if $\mathbb{X}^{(s,s)}$ is the union of two linear star-configurations in $\mathbb{P}^n$, then $(I_{\mathbb{X}^{(s,s)}})_s=\{0\}$ for $n{\geq}3$ and $s{\geq}3$. Using this generalization, we also prove that the secant variety $Sec_1(Split_s(\mathbb{P}^n))$ has the expected dimension 2ns + 1 for $n{\geq}3$ and $s{\geq}3$.

• Proceedings of the Korean Journal of Food and Nutrition Conference
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• 2003.07a
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• pp.84-84
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• 2003

고분자 키토산(분자량 약 800,000)을 농도별(0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%)로 김치를 제조하여, pH, 적정산도, 총균수, 젖산균 수, 대장균군 수 및 관능검사를 조사한 결과는 다음과 같이 나타났다. 1. 키토산 무첨가 김치는 발효 후 6일경에 pH가 초기 5.4에서 4.1로 급격히 떨어졌으며 그 후부터는 천천히 떨어져 발효 후 약 15일 경과 후에는 3.9로 나타났다. 그러나 0.1%, 0.2% 및 0.3% 고분자 키토산을 첨가한 김치에서는 초기 pH 5.38, 5.30 및 5.28에서 6일경에는 pH가 0.1%, 0.2% 및 0.3% 고분자 키토산에서 4.23, 4.34 및 4.47로 각각 나타났다. 15일 경과 후에는 0.1% 고분자 키토산 김치는 키토산 무첨가 김치와 거의 같은 pH인 3.9로 나타났으나 0.2%와 0.3% 고분자 키토산 김치의 pH는 3.90보다 높은 4.10, 4.10으로 각각 나타났다. 2. 각 김치 종류별 적정산도를 측정한 결과는 발효초기에 모든 구가 0.72%로 나타났으며, 발효 후 6일 경에서는 키토산 무첨가, 0.1%, 0.2% 및 0.3% 고분자 키토산 김치의 적정산도는 각각 2.16%, 2.00%, 1.70% 및 1.30%로 나타났다. 그리고 15일 경과 후에는 키토산 무첨가 김치의 적정산도가 2.25%이였으나 0.1%, 0.2% 및 0.3% 고분자 키토산 김치는 각각 2.26%, 2.24 및 2.22%로 나타났다. 3. 발효가 진행 중에 총균수를 측정한 결과 시간과 더불어 총균수가 모든 구에 있어서 서서히 증가하였고 발효초기의 모든 김치구의 총균수는 2.5X105∼5.4X106 cfu/g 범위였으며, 김치 맛이 들기 시작한 6일경에서의 각 구별 총균수는 키토산 무첨가 김치가 2.4X109 cfu/g이였구 0.1%, 0.2% 및 0.3% 고분자 키토산 김치의 총균수는 각각 1.2X109 cfu/g, 4.0X108 cfu/g 및 1.1X107 cfu/g으로 나타났다. 그리고 김치가 완전히 익은 15일 후에는 무첨가 김치, 0.1%, 0.2% 및 0.3% 고분자 키토산 김치의 총균수는 5.4X107 cfu/g, 3.3X107 cfu/g, 1.8X108cfu/g 및 4.2X108 cfu/g로 나타났다. 4. 발효가 진행 중에 젖산균 수를 측정한 결과 시간과 더불어 젖산균 수가 모든 구에 있어서 서서히 증가하였으며, 발효초기의 모든 김치구의 젖산균 수는 2.0X104∼2.7X106 cfu/g 범위였으며 김치 맛이 들기 시작한 6일경에서의 각 구별 젖산균 수는 키토산 무첨가 김치가 3.2X108 cfu/g이었고, 0.1%, 0.2% 및 0.3% 고분자 키토산 김치의 젖산균 수는 각각 1.6X108 cfu/g, 13X108 cfu/g 및 9.6X107 cfu/g으로 나타났다. 그리고 김치가 완전히 익은 15일 후에는 무첨가 김치, 0.1%, 0.2% 및 0.3% 고분자 키토산 김치의 젖산균 수는 5.4X107 cfu/g, 3.3X107 cfu/g, 8.6X106 cfu/g 및 2.6X106 cfu/g로 나타났다. 5. 발효가 진행 중에 대장균 군 수가 시간과 더불어 대장균군 수가 모든 구에 있어서 6일까지는 서서히 증가하다가 그 후부터는 대장균 군 수가 감소하였다. 즉, 발효초기에는 모든 구가 2.0X104∼4.0X105 cfu/g이었고, 6일 경에는 8.9X104∼4.5X105 cfu/g로 약간 증가하였으며 15일후에는 키토산 무첨가 김치가 2.0X102 cfu/g이었으며, 0.1%, 0.2% 및 0.3% 고분자 키토산 김치의 대장균군 수는 각각 2.0X102 cfu/g, 1.1X102 cfu/g 및 4.0X101 cfu/g로 점점 감소하였다. 6. 관능검사 결과는 키토산 무첨가 김치와 0.1% 첨가 김치는 유사한 선호도를 나타내어 0.1% 첨가 김치가 기능성과 보존성을 높여줄 뿐만 아니라 선호도도 높은 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.1431-1437
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• 2007

Cobalt titanates($CoTiO_x$), such as $CoTiO_3$ and $Co_2TiO_4$, have been synthesized via a solid-state reaction and characterized using X-ray diffraction(XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic(XPS) measurement techniques, prior to being used for continuous wet trichloroethylene(TCE) oxidation at $36^{\circ}C$, to support our earlier chemical structure model for Co species in 5 wt% $CoO_x/TiO_2$(fresh) and(spent) catalysts. Each XRD pattern for the synthesized $CoTiO_3$ and $Co_2TiO_4$ was very close to those obtained from the respective standard XRD data files. The two $CoTiO_x$ samples gave Co 2p XPS spectra consisting of very strong main peaks for Co $2p_{3/2}$ and $2p_{1/2}$ with corresponding satellite structures at higher binding energies. The Co $2p_{3/2}$ main structure appeared at 781.3 eV for the $CoTiO_3$, and it was indicated at 781.1 eV with the $Co_2TiO_4$. Not only could these binding energy values be very similar to that exhibited for the 5 wt% $CoO_x/TiO_2$(fresh), but the spin-orbit splitting(${\Delta}E$) had also no noticeable difference between the cobalt titanates and a sample of the fresh catalyst. Neither of all the $CoTiO_x$ samples were active for the wet TCE oxidation, as expected, but a sample of pure $Co_3O_4$ had a good activity for this reaction. The earlier proposed model for the surface $CoO_x$ species existing with the fresh and spent catalysts is very consistent with the XPS characterization and activity measurements for the cobalt titanates.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.1236-1242
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• 2007

Sixty healthy growing pigs ($Duroc{\times}Landrace{\times}Yorkshire$ with an average BW of 21.4 kg) were used to determine the true digestible phosphorus (TDP) requirement of growing pigs on the basis of growth performance and serum biochemical indices. Pigs were assigned randomly to one of five dietary treatments (12 pigs/diet), representing five levels of TDP (0.16%, 0.20%, 0.23%, 0.26% and 0.39%). There were three replications per treatment, with four pigs (2 barrows and 2 gilts) in each replication (2 pigs/pen) A randomized-block design was used, with pen as the experimental unit. Experimental diets were formulated to provide the 5 TDP levels with a total calcium (Ca) to TDP ratio of 2:1, and offered to pigs at 5% BW for 28 d. The total Ca contents of the five diets were 0.33, 0.38, 0.45, 0.51 and 0.79%, respectively. During the 28-d experimental period, the ADG of pigs was affected by dietary TDP levels as described by Equation 1: y = $-809,532x^4+788,079x^3-276,250x^2+42,114x-1$,759; ($R^2$ = 0.99; p<0.01; y = ADG, g/d; x = dietary TDP, %). The feed:gain ratio for pigs was affected by dietary TDP levels as described by Equation 2: y = $3,651.1x^4-3,480.4x^3+1,183.8x^2-172.5x+10.9$ ($R^2$ = 0.99; p<0.01; y = feed:gain ratio; x = dietary TDP, %). Total P concentrations in serum were affected by dietary TDP levels as described by Equation 3: y = $-3,311.7x^4+3,342.7x^3-1,224.6x^2+195.6x-8.7$ ($R^2$ = 0.99; p<0.01; y = total serum P concentration and x = dietary TDP, %). The highest ADG (782 g/d), the lowest feed:gain ratio (1.07), and the highest total serum P concentration (3.1 mmol/L) were obtained when dietary TDP level was 0.34%. Collectively, these results indicate that the optimal TDP requirement of growing pigs is 0.34% of the diet (e.g., 5.1 g/day for a 30-kg pig that consumed 1.5 kg feed daily) at a total Ca to TDP ratio of 2:1.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.303-323
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• 2016

For a canonical threefold X, it is known that $p_n$ does not vanish for a sufficiently large n, where $p_n=h^0(X,\mathcal{O}_X(nK_X))$. We have shown that $p_n$ does not vanish for at least one n in {6, 8, 10}. Assuming an additional condition $p_2{\geq}1$ or $p_3{\geq}1$, we have shown that $p_{12}{\geq}2$ and $p_n{\geq}2$ for $n{\geq}14$ with one possible exceptional case. We have also found some inequalities between ${\chi}(\mathcal{O}_X)$ and $K^3_X$.

• Honam Mathematical Journal
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.93-101
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• 2012

Let $E_A^B$ denote the elliptic curve $E_A^B:y^2=x^3+Ax+B$. In this paper, we calculate the number of points on elliptic curves $E_A^0:y^2=x^3+Ax$ over $\mathbb{F}_p$ mod 24. For example, if $p{\equiv}1$ (mod 24) is a prime, $3t^2{\equiv}1$ (mod p) and A(-1 + 2t) is a quartic residue modulo p, then the number of points in $E_A^0:y^2=x^3+Ax$ is congruent to 0 modulo 24.