• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.163-169
• /
• 2005

Photocatalytic oxidation of Cu(II)-EDTA has been studied using solar/$TiO_2$ photocatalysis as an energy source. Photocatalysis efficiency on the treatment of Cu(II)-EDTA was investigated using different types of solar collectors as well as by variation of the angles of solar collector solar light intensities, flow rates, and areas of solar collector. effect of $H_2O_2$ and types of $TiO_2$ catalyst on the treatment of Cu(II)-EDTA was also investigated. Removal of Cu(II) and DOC was favorable with a hemispherical collector than with a flat collector Removal of Cu(II) and DOC increased with increasing angles of solar collector up to $38^{\circ}$. Slurry type $TiO_2$ showed four-times higher removal efficiency than immobilized type $TiO_2$. Removal of both Cu(II) and DOC at a clear sky of solar light intensity ranging from 0.372 to $2.265\;mW/cm^2$ was greater than removal at a cloudy day of solar light intensity ranging from 0.038 to $1.129\;mW/cm^2$. From the result of this research that the removal efficiency of Cu(II) and DOC increased as the solar light intensity increased, it can be inferred that quantum yield in the destruction of Cu(II)-EDTA may directly related with the solar light intensity. Removal of Cu(II) increased as increasing the area of solar collector and was similar at lower flow rates white removal of Cu(II) was interfered at higher flow rates. When immobilized $TiO_2$ was used, removal efficiency of Cu(II) increased in the presence of $H_2O_2$ while negligible effect was found in the use of $TiO_2$ slurry.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.3-11
• /
• 1973

Four species of nematodes attacking mushroom beds were found in samples taken from 35 mushroom farms throughout Korea. These were Rhabditis sp., Aphelenchoides sp., Ditylenchus sp. and Aphelenchus sp. ,Rhabditis sp. was found from compost and casing from all mushroom farms and the frequencies of Aphelenchoides sp. was 31.4% in the both compost and casing. Both Ditylenchus sp. and Aphelenchus sp. showed 2.7% of frequencies in the compost, none in casing. Temperature and moisture content of compost affected pathogenicity of Aphelenchoides sp. on mushroom mycelia grown in compost. The higher temperature and moisture content the sooner the damage became apparent, and the more rapid was subsequent destruction of mycelia. There was no mycelial destruction at the lowest temperature of $10^{\circ}C$. Rhabditis sp. completely disintegrated mycelia grown in the compost, in the early stage, the numbers of Rhabditis sp. rose gradually and then increased suddenly to reach a peak but soon declined. At first, the pH of Rhabditis-infested spawned compost declined but then rose gradually as mycelia was disintegrated by nematodes. The trend in pH of infested unspawned compost was similar to those of uninfested, unspawned compost. Cultures inoculated with surface-disinfected dead Rhabditis sp. and with tap water used in the nematode extraction procedures showed no mycelial injury associated microorganisms containing within or outside the nematodes even though added by artificial wounding of the mycelia. Cultures artificially wounded showed no injury away from the wounds without the presence of living Rhabditis sp., such wounded mycelia slowly regenerated. On the other hand, artificial wounding accelerated the breakdown of mycelia in the presence of living Rhabditis sp.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.309-320
• /
• 2013

Objectives : There is a possibility LRE as remedy in Alzheimer disease (AD), but it's nerve protection effect and mechanism have to be elucidate. In this research, we applied LRE on $A{\beta}_{25-35}$ pre-treated SH-SY5Y cells, to find out the nerve protection effect and mechanism in AD cell model. Methods : We tried to confirm that effect by experimenting with 20, 50, and $100{\mu}g/ml$ concentration of LRE as a medicine. Next experiment, we assessed damage effect which induced $A{\beta}_{25-35}$, known to cause AD, on SH-SY5Y cell. In addition, cellular viability test is executed under $H_2O_2$ treatment condition in a SH-SY5Y cell. Results : 1. In $A{\beta}_{25-35}$ treated SH-SY5Y cell, LRE exhibited an anti-phosphorylation effect about tau protein, JNK, and IKB. 2. LRE prevent nerve cell apoptosis, which indued $A{\beta}_{25-35}$ and oxidative stress, modify JNK engaged synaptic structure and $NF{\kappa}B$ induced p75-neurotrophin receptor polymorphism. Conclusions : We found that LRE prevented oxidative stress-induced cellular destruction, for example, increased SOD activity of $A{\beta}_{25-35}$ treated SH-SY5Y cell and reduced toxicity of oxygen free radical. Consequently, the ingredients of LRE have a role as a catalyzer for $A{\beta}_{25-35}$ clearance and as scavenger for active oxygen free radical.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.228-233
• /
• 2004

Summary: The malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor(MPNST) is an aggressive neoplasm and can either arise independently or result from malignant change in preexisting neurofibromatosis (von Recklinghausen's disease). Its histologic characteristics remain controversial, but currently it is believed that the schwann cell is the origin of the peripheral nerve sheath tumors. MPNST is an uncommon neoplasm of the head and neck region, and its presentation in the oral cavity is quite rare. In this study, we report a patient with a rare case of a MPNST involving the maxilla. A case report: A 29-year-old female presented with a chief complaint of painless swelling with bleeding tendency on the left maxillary tuberosity area 2 months ago. Clinical examination showed a $5.0{\times}3.0cm^2$ sized, indurative swelling on the site. Conventional radiographs showed a relatively well-defined soft tissue mass involving the left maxillary sinus, and destruction of the anterior, posterolateral walls of the left maxillary sinus. Subtotal maxillectomy and split-thickness skin graft from thigh were undertaken. In histochemical and immunohistochemical studies, the specimen revealed positive reactivities to Vimentin and S-100 protein. Final diagnosis was made as MPNST.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.145-152
• /
• 2002

This study was carried out of to determine effects of high voltage pulsed galvanic stimulation on the soleus. target muscle of the sciatic nerve, of white rat two condition. The coditions included normal, and denervated muscle. The histochemical, ultrastructural observations were made. The following results were obtains. 1. The histochemical observations found the inflammatory cells between muscle bundle and muscle fiber since 1-week control group. In addition, nucleus located in the muscle fiber was frequently observed. 2. The experimental group showed a similar phenomenom to the normal muscles in terms of glycogen granules in the 1-week group, where as fiber were not distinguishable in4-weeks group which indicated that the degenerative changes had occured. 3. The NADH-TR reaction showed that the red muscle slightly increased in the 2-weeks group, and the distinguished was impossible the red fiber 4. The ultrastructures of the muscles in both groups were severely bend, and a number of vacuoles were observed due to the destruction of mitochondria..

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
• /
• v.10 no.10
• /
• pp.715-720
• /
• 2000

By the mechanical alloying method. Ni-WC composite materials were prepared to improve the deformation-resistance for creep and sintering of Ni-anode at the operating temperature of $650^{\circ}C$. Mechanically alloyed powder w was initially fabricated by ball milling for 80hr, and then amorphization was occurred by the destruction of ordered crystals based on XRD analysis. In order to investigate the electrochemical performance and sheet characteristics of Ni-WC anode, tape casting process was adopted. Finally, the obtained sheet thickness of Ni- we after sintering at $1180^{\circ}C$ for 60 minutes in $H_2$ atmosphere was O.9mm and the average pore size was $3~5{\mu\textrm{m}}$ with porosities of 55%. The second phase was not observed in Ni- W matrix while W particles were finely and uniformly distributed in Ni matrix. This fine and uniform distributed W particles in Ni matrix are expected to enhance the mechanical properties of Ni anode through the dispersion and solid solution hardening mechanisms.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.70-76
• /
• 2006

Purpose: This study presents 5 patients who had metallic anchor protrusion on glenoid after Bankart repair in anterior shoulder instability and reviewed the cause, clinical feature and arthroscopic removal technique. Method and Materials: 5 male with average age of 22 years (range 19 to 25 years) were included. 4 patients had arthroscopic Bankart repair and 1 patient had open repair for anterior shoulder instability. They had protruded metallic suture anchors on glenoid and the protruded suture anchors were removed arthroscopically using larger suture anchor empty inserter. Results: 4 patients had painful clicking sound with motion of abduction and external rotation and 1 patient showed shoulder instability. The ROM showed normal except mild degrees loss of external rotation. The position of protruded metallic anchor was 2, 3 and 5 O'clock in three patients and 4 O'clock in 2 patients. In 2 patients, the metallic suture anchor was malpositioned about 5mm off on the medial side from the anterior glenoid edge. All had Outerbrige classification Grade II-III chondral damage on humeral head and 1 patient showed glenoid cartilage destruction. None had shoulder instability after 2 years of follow-up. Constant score was 65 preoperatively and 89 postoperatively. ASES score was 67 preoperatively and 88 postoperatively. Conclusion: Symptoms of protruded suture anchor are not combined with instability. Most of symptoms were revealed from the rehabilitation period and confused with postoperative pain. Prompt diagnosis and early arthroscopic removal or impaction of protruded metallic suture anchor is recommended because of serious glenohumeral cartilage destruction. This is easy and simple and reproducible method to remove protruded metallic suture anchor arthroscopically.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• v.43 no.3
• /
• pp.407-411
• /
• 2005

YAG:Tb($Y_3Al_5O_{12}:Tb$) phosphor particles were prepared by spray pyrolysis from spray solution containing various types of flux materials. The effects of type of flux, organic material and post-treatment temperature on the characteristics of morphology, crystallinity and photoluminescence of YAG:Tb phosphor particles were investigated. Citric acid and ethylene glycol used as organic additive improved the photoluminescence intensity of the YAG:Tb phosphor particles without destruction of the morphology after post-treatment at high temperature. However, the spherical shape of the precursor particles obtained by spray pyrolysis from spray solution containing high amount of flux material disappeared after post-treatment at $1300^{\circ}C$. YAG:Tb phosphor particles prepared from spray solution containing lithium carbonate flux had fine size and regular morphology after post-treatment. Lithium carbonate used as flux material was also efficient in improvement of the photoluminescence intensity of the YAG:Tb phosphor particles. The optimum photoluminescence intensity of the YAG:Tb phosphor particles prepared from spray solution containing lithium carbonate flux was 189％ of that of the phosphor particles prepared from spray solution without flux material.

• Resources Recycling
• /
• v.8 no.5
• /
• pp.34-43
• /
• 1999

An elecmc arc cracking reaclor is developed for the productiol~o f ieusuble fuel gas by the thennal destruction of waste oil. The churaclensucs of product gas and ~esiduesf rom arc crachng of wnste lubr~cat~nogil are sludird. Thc product gas is mainly coruposcd of hydrogen 135-4076), acetylene (13-4076), ethylene 13-476) and olher hgdrocnrbons. The contenr of carbon monomde, one or the main product in a conventional low-temperature Lhennal cracking umt, 1s very slnvll in lhis atc cracking expcnmcnt. Total calocctic wlue of product gas shows 11,000-13.000 kcizlkg, which is hiph cnough to use as a ~ L I I I Cga~ s . and the concentralions oC loxic gases arc well below the rcguliltury emission critena The GCIMS analysis of llquld-phase residues shows that the high rnalccular welgllt hydrocilrbons in the waste oil arc cracked into the low malecular weight hydrocarbons snd hydroem,. The dehydrogcnntion is found lo be Lhe main cracking rcacuon due lo the high temperalure ~ ~ ~ d ubcyc edle ctric arc. The average parucle size of soot as the solid-phase residue is 10 3 wm, and the conlents of cabon a ~ hdea vy metals are abovc 60% and under 0.01 ppm, respecttrely. Thc utllizvtion or sool, as industl-id1 rcsource seems lo he reasible aIter refimng.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.351-361
• /
• 1989

The contraction of renal arterial strip by no.epineph.me (NE) or 40 mM $K^+$ were Significantly attenuated after histamine $(10^{-5}\;M)-induced$ contraction. The mechanisms of this phenomenon were investigated in the helical strips of isolated renal artery with the measurement of isometric tension. The arterial strip was immersed in the tris-buffered Tyrode's solution which was equilibrated with 100% $O_2\;at\;35^{\circ}C$. The contraction was induced by NE or 40 mM $K^+$ during the recovery from the histamine-induced contraction which lasted for 15 minutes. The contraction by NE was also attenuated in the $Ca^{2+}-free$ Tyrode's solution and the increase of contraction by addition of 2 mM $Ca^{2+}$ was attenuated as well. This attenuation phenomenon was not observed in the presence of low concentration $(3{\times}10^{-7}\;M)$ of histamine. This attenuation was not affected by destruction of endothelium, pretreatment with papaverine or propranolol. This attenuation was partially inhibited by pretreatment of ouabain or in low $K^+(0.5 mM)$ Tyrode's solution. But the attenuation in the $Ca^{2+}-free$ Tyrode's solution was not inhibited. Furthermore this attenuation was completely blocked by pretreatment of djphenhydramine $(H_1-receptor blocker)$ and potentiated by pretreatment of cimetidine $(H_2-receptor\;blocker)$. This attenuation Phenomenon was disappeared after recovery of 1 hour. From the above results, it is suggested that the attenuation phenomenon may be resulted partially from the activation of $Na^+-K^+$ exchange pump and partially from the depletion of intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ pool after the histamine-induced contraction mediated through $H_1-receptor$ function.