• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
• /
• v.37 no.1
• /
• pp.51-55
• /
• 2013

The present study was conducted to examine the effect of antioxidant treatment during parthenogenetic activation procedure on the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and in vitro development of porcine parthenogenetic embryos. Porcine in vitro matured oocytes were activated by a combination of electric stimulus and 2 mM 6-dimethylaminopurine (6-DAMP) before in vitro culture. During the activation period, oocytes were treated with $50{\mu}M$ ${\beta}$-mercaptoethanol (${\beta}$-ME), $100{\mu}M$ L-ascorbic acid (Vit. C) or $100{\mu}M$ L-glutathione (GSH). To examine the ROS level, porcine parthenogenetic embryos were stained in $10{\mu}M$ dichlorohydrofluorescein diacetate ($H_2DCFDA$) dye 20 h after culture, examined under a fluorescence microscope, and the fluorescence intensity (pixels) were analyzed in each embryo. The parthenogenetic embryos were cultured for 6 days to evaluate the in vitro development. The apoptosis was measured by TUNEL assay. The $H_2O_2$ levels of parthenogenetic embryos were significantly lower in antioxidant treatment groups ($26.9{\pm}1.6{\sim}29.1{\pm}1.3$ pixels/embryo, p<0.05) compared to control ($33.2{\pm}1.7$ pixels/embryo). The development rate to the blastocyst stage was increased in antioxidant treatment groups (32.0~32.5%) compared to control (26.9%, p<0.05), although, there was no difference in apoptosis among groups. The result suggests that antioxidant treatment during parthenogenetic activation procedure can inhibit the ROS generation and enhance the in vitro development of porcine parthenogenetic embryos.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.34 no.7
• /
• pp.734-740
• /
• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of green tea catechins on the antioxidative defense enzyme activity of kidney in diabetic rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats weighting 100$\pm$10g were randomly assigned to one normal and three STZ-induced diabetic groups; catechin free diet(DM-0C group), 0.25% catechin diet(DM-0.25C group) and 0.5% catechin diet(DM-0.5C group). Diabetes was induced by intravenous of 55mg/Kg body weight of STZ in sodium citrate buffer(pH 4.3) after 4 weeks feeding of experimental diets. Rats were sacrified at the 6th day of diabetic states. Superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity in kidney was decreased by 25% and 20% in DM-0C and DM-0.25C groups compared with normal group, DM-0.5C group was not significantly different when compared with normal group. Glutathione peroxidase(GSHpx) activity in kidney was were no significant differences the diabetic groups compared to normal group. Xanthin oxidase(XOD) activity was increased by 110% and 63% in DM-0C and DM-0.25C groups compared with normal group, DM-0.5C group was not significantly different when compared with normal group. The contents of superoxide radical(O$_2$)in kindney were 116% and 33%, respectively, higher in DM-0C and DM-0.25C groups than normal group. DM-0.5C group and normal groups were similar levels in their superoxide radical contents of kidneys. Levels of TBARS(thiobarbituric acid reactive substance) in kidney were increased by 62% in DM-0C group, when compared with normal group, but those of DM-0.5C group were similar to that of normal groups. These results indicate that free radical generation system was weakened and free radical scavenger system was enhance in kidney of STZ-induced diabetics rats by dietary catechin. Thereby it may reduce renal disorders such as oxidative damage and aging of tissue.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
• /
• v.1
• /
• pp.7-10
• /
• 2006

Four programs, i.e. TRMM, ADEOS2, ASTER, and ALOS are going on in Japanese Earth Observation programs. TRMM and ASTER are operating well, and TRMM operation will be continued to 2009. ADEOS2 was failed, but AMSR-E on Aqua is operating. ALOS (Advanced Land Observing Satellite) was successfully launched on $24^{th}$ Jan. 2006. ALOS carries three instruments, i.e., PRISM (Panchromatic Remote Sensing Instrument for Stereo Mapping), AVNIR-2 (Advanced Visible and Near Infrared Radiometer), and PALSAR (Phased Array L band Synthetic Aperture Radar). PRISM is a 3 line panchromatic push broom scanner with 2.5m IFOV. AVNIR-2 is a 4 channel multi spectral scanner with 10m IFOV. PALSAR is a full polarimetric active phased array SAR. PALSAR has many observation modes including full polarimetric mode and scan SAR mode. After the unfortunate accident of ADEOS2, JAXA still have plans of Earth observation programs. Next generation satellites will be launched in 2008-2012 timeframe. They are GOSAT (Greenhouse Gas Observation Satellite), GCOM-W and GCOM-C (ADEOS-2 follow on), and GPM (Global Precipitation Mission) core satellite. GOSAT will carry 2 instruments, i.e. a green house gas sensor and a cloud/aerosol imager. The main sensor is a Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) and covers 0.76 to 15 ${\mu}m$ region with 0.2 to 0.5 $cm^{-1}$ resolution. GPM is a joint project with NASA and will carry two instruments. JAXA will develop DPR (Dual frequency Precipitation Radar) which is a follow on of PR on TRMM. Another project is EarthCare. It is a joint project with ESA and JAXA is going to provide CPR (Cloud Profiling Radar). Discussions on future Earth Observation programs have been started including discussions on ALOS F/O.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.244-249
• /
• 2007

The present work considers the concept of enzymatic photoelectrochemical generation of hydrogen through water splitting using a Xe lamp as a source of light. A solar cell was applied to the system in order to shift the level of electrochemical energy of the system, resulting in the rate of hydrogen production at $43\;{\mu}mol/(cm^2{\times}hr)$ in cathodic compartment with an anodized tubular $TiO_2$ electrode(ATTE, $5^{\circ}C$/1hr in 0.5 wt% HF-$650^{\circ}C$/5hr). The trend of the rate of hydrogen production, for the ATTEs with different annealing temperature from $350^{\circ}C$ to $850^{\circ}C$, fairly well coincided with the photoelectrical properties measured by potentiostat. The actual chemical bias through imposition of two electrolytes of different pHs between anode(13.68) and cathode(7.5) was 0.24eV.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
• /
• 2008.11a
• /
• pp.435-436
• /
• 2008

Dye-sensitized Solar Cells(DSSCs) which convert incident sun light into electricity were expected to overcome global warming and depletion of fossil fuels. And it is one of study that is lately getting into the spotlight because manufacturing method is more simple and inexpensive than existing silicon solar cells. In this respect, DSSCs are in the limelight as the next generation solar cells. DSSCs are generally composed of a dye-modified $TiO_2$ photoelectrode, a Pt counter electrode, and an electrolytes containing a redox couple$(I^-/I_3^-)$. Among these elements, pt electrode were prepared by applying electric potential to FTO substrate in the $H_2PtCl_6$ solution. In this study, we report the solar cell efficiency depending on $PtCl_4$ concentration change. $PtCl_4$ concentration was 1mM, 5mM, 10mM, and 20mM, and adhered on FTO glass substrate by sintering process. When applied each $PtCl_4$ counter electrode on DSSC, the best efficiency was found at 10mM of $PtCl_4$ concentration. The catalyst promotes the movement of electron from the counter electrode to the electrolyte the higher the molarity, the better the efficiency. However, in case of 20mM, it is estimated that over-deposited $PtCl_4$ tends to restrict the movement of electron due to its bundle formation.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.35 no.8
• /
• pp.2349-2356
• /
• 2014

The recycling technology by the catalytic conversion is one of the most promising techniques for the $CO_2$ treatment of coal burning power plant flue gases. The conversion of $CO_2$ to valuable product of $CH_4$ can be used as a fuel to run the turbine for electricity generation. Through this technique, the amount of coal needed for the combustion in a gas turbine can be reduced as well as $CO_2$ emissions. Therefore, a series of catalysts based on cerium oxide doped with copper, nickel and manganese were prepared by impregnation method. From the characterization analysis, it showed that the prepared catalysts calcined at $400^{\circ}C$ were amorphous in structure with small particle size in the range below 100 nm. Meanwhile, the catalyst particles were aggregated and agglomerated with higher surface area of $286.70m^2g^{-1}$. By increasing the calcination temperature of catalysts to $1000^{\circ}C$, the particle sizes were getting bigger (> 100 nm) and having moderate crystallinity with lower surface area ($67.90m^2g^{-1}$). From the catalytic testing among all the prepared catalysts, Mn/Ce-75/$Al_2O_3$ calcined at $400^{\circ}C$ was assigned as the most potential catalyst which gave 49.05% and 56.79% $CO_2$ conversion at reaction temperature of $100^{\circ}C$ and $200^{\circ}C$, respectively.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.34 no.4
• /
• pp.267-276
• /
• 1990

To achieve a better understanding of antioxidant action manifested by malotilate, the dithiol malonates, we monitored the oxy radical-scavenging system against the chronic hepatic damage induced by $CCl_4$ alone or in combination with ethanol. Malotilate was given orally at a dose of 100 mg/kg/day and $CCl_4$ 1.5 ml/kg was injected subcutaneously twice a week for 4 weeks. In each group receiving ethanol, drinking water was replaced by 20% aqueous solution or glucose, isocaloric amounts of ethanol, as a control of ethanol was diluted in its drinking water. Each rat was killed as a starved state at 18 hours after the period of the experiment, four weeks. The results were summarized as follows: 1) Malotilate inhibited the rate of generation of superoxide radicals, the accumulation of lipoperoxides, and promoted the synthesis of glutathione in the liver. 2) Malotilate stimulated the enhancement of activity of superoxide dismutase in hepatic mitochondria. 3) Malotilate had no effects on the hepatic $H_2O_2$ contents. 4) Malotilate showed the increase of catalase activity in the liver poisoned with $CCl_4$, and also gave a tendency to increase it in the liver intoxicated with ethanol. Thus, our data suggested that the activation of hepatic antioxidant system in the presence of malotilate would play a role in protecting liver against the toxic effects of oxy radical and/or lipid peroxides under the hepatotoxic conditions induced by $CCl_4$ with or without ethanol. However, the effects of malotilate against the ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity appear to be insignificant.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.35 no.8
• /
• pp.959-967
• /
• 2011

An importance of design that considers the characteristics of fashion that plays a role of a medium that communicates with customers (and is not simply clothes or products by adding the particular culture factors of a local country to the development of glocalism) is discussed. While the cultural consumption becomes a core key word, the survey of customers is conducted to develop a party-wear design that applies a Korean image suitable for the party culture industry magnified by the young generation's cultural trends. Based on it, we suggest a party-wear design that applies Dancheong's lotus and derive the followed results. The first, one-piece and accessory coordination was the highest by 49.3% for the party-wear coordination and design. In addition, Dancheong was the highest by 16.5% for the traditional pattern (thought to be representative for Korean image). Among the traditional patterns, for a pattern suitable for party-wear, the case applying flowers such as the Japanese apricot flower, lotus flower, and peony was the highest. The second, among the several patterns used Dancheong that was represented by a Korean image of a lotus flower pattern because of the characteristics of strong vitality and blooming in dirty mud was often used for the pattern of clothes. The third, under the motive of the results of the survey and Dancheong's lotus flower pattern, we developed 2 methods of one piece and accessory coordination, 2 methods of top and skirt coordination, and 1 method of jacket and one piece coordination as the party-wear.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.432-439
• /
• 2007

Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) act as potent activators of the adipose differentiation program in established preadipose cell lines. TZD's have also been investigated in diabetic patients and reported to act as PPAR-${\gamma}$ ligands. In this report, the effects of TZDs on the differentiation pathway of myoblasts have been investigated. C2C12 mouse myoblasts were grown in Dulbecco's Modified Eagles medium for 4-5 days until they reached almost 100% confluency. Post-confluent cells (day 0) were further exposed to adipogenic induction medium along with TZDs for 48 hours. Thereafter, cells were exposed only to TZDs every 48 h until day 10. The control was provided with differentiation medium without any treatment. Alterations in the cells during the differentiation programme were analyzed on the basis of fusion index, oil-red-o staining, adipocyte index, adipocyte stain uptake measurement, immuno-histochemistry and western blotting. Exposure of C2C12 mouse myoblasts to TZDs prevented the expression of myosin heavy chain with parallel increase in the expression of C/EBP-${\alpha}$ and PPAR-${\gamma}$ and acquisition of adipocyte morphology, thus abolishing the formation of multinucleated myotubes. TZDs exert their adipogenic effects only in non-terminally differentiated myoblasts; myotubes were insensitive to the compound. Continuous exposure (at least 4-5 doses) to inducers after the growth arrest was essential to provide a sustained environment to the cells converting to fully matured adipoctyes. The results indicate that TZDs specifically converted the differentiation pathway of myoblasts into that of adipoblasts.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
• /
• 2014.02a
• /
• pp.489.2-489.2
• /
• 2014

The planar type flexible piezoelectric energy harvesters (PEH) based on PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 (PZT) thin films on the flexible substrates are demonstrated to convert mechanical energy to electrical energy. The planar type energy harvesters have been realized, which have an electrode pair on the PZT thin films. The PZT thin films were deposited on double side polished sapphire substrates using conventional RF-magnetron sputtering. The PZT thin films on the sapphire substrates were transferred by PDMS stamp with laser lift-off (LLO) process. KrF excimer laser (wavelength: 248nm) were used for the LLO process. The PDMS stamp was attached to the top of the PZT thin films and the excimer laser induced onto back side of the sapphire substrate to detach the thin films. The detached thin films on the PDMS stamp transferred to adhesive layer coated on the flexible polyimide substrate. Structural properties of the PZT thin films were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). To measure piezoelectric power generation characteristics, Au/Cr inter digital electrode (IDE) was formed on the PZT thin films using the e-beam evaporation. The ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties were measured by a ferroelectric test system (Precision Premier-II) and piezoelectric force microscopy (PFM), respectively. The output signals of the flexible PEHs were evaluated by electrometer (6517A, Keithley). In the result, the transferred PZT thin films showed the ferroelectric and piezoelectric characteristics without electrical degradation and the fabricated flexible PEHs generated an AC-type output power electrical energy during periodically bending and releasing motion. We expect that the flexible PEHs based on laser transferred PZT thin film is able to be applied on self-powered electronic devices in wireless sensor networks technologies. Also, it has a lot of potential for high performance flexible piezoelectric energy harvester.