• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.548-561
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• 2001

Listeria spp. from sea water, fishes and shellfishes have been troubled in many countries. So we exam ined its distribution rates, biochemical characteristics of a separated strain, growth curve of pH at set times to 4 species of standard strain, and yes or no of growth inhibition for precautionary measure of food poisoning by L. monocytogenes, garlic, mustard, wasabi, and green tea extracts including sensitivity of antibiotics 10 species. As its results, check numbers of its positivity to Listeria spp. were 32 species in total examination body 200 species, and its isolation rates were 16%, L. innocua was 14.0%, L. monocytogenes 1.0%, and L. seeligeri 1.0% by the strain species. All the standard strain of 4 species showed growth inhibition bellow pH 3.0, its pH conditions of the optimum growth at 7.0∼8.0, and its growth was more active in alkali co]tuition than in acid condition. Its growth inhibition examination by garlic extracts had an the worst effects with O.D values of 0.078∼0.210. But the case of mustard and wasabi had weakened effect, and the case of green tea had some effect as the time went by. The results of sensitivity examination of antibiotics 10 species were as fellows. L. innocua of the 16 cases showed sensitivity of 100% in all 5 species, Ampicillin, etc, and Ciprofloxacin showed sensitivity of 43.7% and gentamicin, 93.7%. But tetracycline showed tolerance of 31.3% , cefotaxine. 75%, nalidixic acid, 100%. L. monocytogenes of the 6 cases showed sensitivity of 100% in all 6 species, ciprofloxacin, etc.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.52-68
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• 1991

A new propeller series is developed using the newly developed blade section(KH18 section) which behaves better cavitation characteristics and higher lift-drag ratio at wide range of angle-of-attack. The pitch and camber distributions are disigned in order to have the same radial and chordwise loading distribution with the selected circumferentially averaged wake input. Since the geometries of the series propeller, such as chord length, thickness, skew and rate distribations, are selected by regression of the recent full scale propeller geometric data, the performance prediction of a propeller at preliminary design stage can be mure realistic. Number of blades of the series propellers is 4 and the expanded blade area ratios are 0.3, 0.45, 0.6 and 0.75. Mean pitch ratios are selected as 0.5, 0.65, 0.8, 0.75 and 1.1 for each expanded area ratio. The new propeller series is composed of 20 propellers and is named as KD(KRISO-DAEWOO) propeller series. Propeller open water tests are performed at the experimental towing tank, and the cavitation observation tests and fluctuating pressure measurements are carried out at the cavitation tunnel of KRISO. $B_{P}-\delta$ curves, which can be used to select the optimum propeller diameter at the preliminary design stage, are derived from a regression analysis of the propeller often water test results. The KD-cavitation chart is derived from the cavitation observation test results by choosing the local maximum lift coefficient and the local cavitation number as parameters. The caviy extent of a propeller can be predicted more accurately by using the KD-cavitation chart at a preliminary design stage, since it is derived from the results of the cavitation observation tests in the selected ship's wake, whereas the existing cavitation charts, such as the Burrill's cavitation chart, are derived from the test results in uniform flow.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.422-430
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• 2008

This study was conducted to investigate the nutritional composition and meat quality properties of Hanwoo steer beef by different cut. Ten cuts [Abjin (short plate), Bosup (top sirloin), Cheggt (striploin), Dngsim (loin), Guri (chuck tender), Hongduke (eye of round), Moksim (chuck roll), Sulgit (bottom round), Udoon (top round), Yanaji (brisket)] prepared from 10 Hanwoo steers (28-30 months old) were used for this experiment. The range of pH was 5.46-5.64. In the chemical analysis, Hongduke contained highest protein contents (21.15%) and Dngsim had lowest protein contents (16.94%) (p<0.05). Fat contents were higher in Dngsim whereas those of Guri, Hongduke and Udoon were significantly lower when compared to the other cuts (p<0.05). There were not significantly different in meat color (L, a and b values) properties only except that L values were significantly higher in Dngsim among 10 cuts (p<0.05). Cooking loss (%) was higher in Guri, Hongduke, Udoon and Yangji whereas it was significantly love. in Cheggt (p<0.05). Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBS) was significantly higher in Abjin $(6.24inch^2/kg)$, whereas Dngsim $(3.45inch^2/kg)$ and Cheggt $(3.50inch^2/kg)$ were significantly lower than the other cuts (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in water-holding capacity (WHC) among 10 cuts (p>0.05). Total amino acid contents were significantly higher in Hongduke (p<0.05). Hongduke was highest in most kinds of amino acids, however, Udoon had the highest methionine and histidine contents among 10 cuts (p<0.05). Glutamate contents were high in all cuts and followed by aspartate, leucine and lysin. With regard to mineral contents, Ca was ranged from 47.63-70.69 mg/kg and Fe was ranged from 15.09-26.68 mg/kg in 10 cuts. Zn was highly contained in Guri (50.56 mg/kg) when compared to the other cuts (p<0.05).

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.147-155
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• 1977

In this experiment, we expected yield increase depending on the control of ineffective tiller, heightening of effective tillering ratio and continuous supply of nitrogen until later growth stage of rice plant by deep layer split application. Treats were applied at Tongil and Jinheung variety, clayey loam and sandy loam soil, and drained and non-drained condition. Nitrogenous fertilizer application wab adopted as liquefied(50%) and lumped (50% and 80%) fertilizer at 12cm depth of soil before 35 days of rice heading time against the standard soil surface application. The results are summarized as follaw. 1. a. Jinheung showed great variant width of tiller numbers per rice plant growth stage, and low effective tillering ratio at soil surface dressing. But in the case of deep layer split application, the number of tiller increased normally, and effective tillering ratio was high. b. At Tonsil, the width of increase and decrease range of effective tiller number between soil surface dressing and deep layer split application was not so high as Jinheung. Deep layer split application of 80% lumped fertilizer showed maximum effective tillering ratio ($83%{\sim}93%$). C. In the case of Jinheung, it was supposed that deep layer split application of 80% lumped fertilizer was excessive nitrogen quantity. d. Effective tillering ratio was higher than Tonsil at Jinheung. 2. The number of grains per hill was increased by the deep layer split application, but the ripening ratio was decreased inversely with the increase of total grain number. 3. Length of top leaves was elongated at Jinheung by deep layer split application. It showed significant correlation between top leaves length and grain yield. 4. Deep layer split application inclosed N content of harvested straw. Yield and N content of straw showed possitive correlation. 5. The ratio of unhulled grain yield per straw weight was increased by deep layer splication. This ratio was higher at Jinheung than Tonsil. 6. Grain yield was appeared in order of 80% lumped fertilizer>50% lumped fertilizer>50% liquefied fertilizer>surface dressing by the deep layer split application. The yield increasing factors were the increasing of effective tillering ratio, number of panicles per hill and number of ripening grains per hill. 7. Grain yield was increased at Tongil in sandy loam soil and at Jinheung in clayey loam soil by deep layer split application. 8. The grain yield was increased at drained conditions of clayey loam soil and non-drained conditions of sandy loam soil. But in the case of 80% lumped fertilizer of deep layer split application at the sandy loam soil, the yield was not increased at non-drained conditions. 9. The effect of yield increase by deep layer split application comparing with the surface dressing was higher at Tonsil than ginheung, in spite of low ripening ratio of Tonsil caused by low temperature at heading and harvesting time.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.501-510
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• 2015

In this study, we investigated the onset and release of endo-dormancy under natural conditions by observing bud break characteristics in 'Fuji' apple trees using water cuttings. Through examinations of bud break rate and days to bud break, we found that the endo-dormancy of 'Fuji' apple tree continues for 70 d from 165 to 255 d after full bloom (DAFB), from late October to early January of the following year. In addition, within 20 d of first bud break, based on a final bud break rate of 60% or more, we able to identify the timing of the changeover from para-dormancy to endo-dormancy, and endo-dormancy to eco-dormancy. Analysis of the chilling requirement during the endo-dormancy period revealed that chilling accumulation up to 255 DAFB to release endo-dormancy amounted to 666 and 517 h based on the CH and Utah models, respectively. Observation of internal changes in the bud during endo-dormancy showed that flower bud differentiation begins from mid-July, and t ime of inflorescence o f the disk f lower is a vailable to f ind. The f lower buds subsequently developed slowly but steadily during endo-dormancy and in the following year in February, the developmental stage of each organ had progressed. Moreover, the flower buds of 'Fuji' apples were mostly healthy during the dormancy period, but some exhibited necrosis of flower primordium, due partial cell damage from the formation of ice crystals rather than a direct effect of the low temperature. Flower buds were formed in both the axillary buds of bourse shoots and terminal buds of spurs, but lower bud differentiation was observed for the terminal buds of spurs at rate of about 65% of total buds, which was directly related to the bud size and shoot diameter.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.145-154
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• 2011

The study was conducted to investigate the effect of feeding fermented diet including whole crop barley silage on the odor reduction and microbial population change in feces, and the constipation prevention of pregnant sows. The concentration of phenol was not detected in tapioca, beet pulp, wheat bran and lupin seeds, while that of p-cresol was ranged between 9.62 and 52.11 mg/L showing that lupin was highest and tapioca was lowest. It was determined that tapioca and beet pulp were useful feed ingredients to reduce odor due to their lower contents of phenol and indole compounds. Ten pregnant sows were allocated to control group and fermented diet group in 5 sows in each group. They were fed 3.0 kg DM/d of diets for 28 days. Feces was examined and showed that the feces from the fermented diet group was observed with the higher moisture content and the lower hardness than that of the control diet group and the population of E. coli was decreased and the population of lactobacilus was higher than that of the control diet group. The concentrations of p-cresol and skatole were lower than the detection levels at 33% and 67% among the samples of feces of the control group and at 67% and 100% among the samples of the feces of fermented diet group respectively. Thus it is expected that the odor from the feces of pregnant sows fed the fermented diet could be reduced compared with that of control group. Therefore, it is suggested that feeding fermented whole barley diet to pregnant sows improve the function of intestine and reduce the rate of occurrences of constipation and odor levels.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.314-318
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• 2000

To compare heavy metal phytoavailability in paddy soils near five abandoned mining areas, 4 different soil extractants such as 0.1M-HCl, $0.1M-HNO_3$, 0.05M-EDTA, and 0.005M-DTPA were used. Total acid digestion method $(H_2SO_4:HClO_4:HNO_3)$ was also employed to analyze heavy metal content in 30 paddy soils and brown rice. The rates of extracted heavy metal to total content were in the range of $12.1{\sim}39.1%$ for Cd, $20.5{\sim}45.5%$ for Cu, $10.6{\sim}30.7%$ for Pb, and $6.7{\sim}13.0%$ for Zn. 0.1M-HCl and $0.1M-HNO_3$ extractable both Cu and Pb were relatively less extracted at the high soil pH and extractable calcium site(Mine D) whereas 0.05M-EDTA and 0.005M-DTPA extractable Pb were strongly extracted at the same soils. In case of Cd, Cu, and Zn in soil, 4 types of extractable heavy metals and total content were highly correlated with each other. However, there were positive correlations between 0.1 M-HCl and $0.1M-HNO_3$ extractable Pb as well as between 0.05M-EDTA and 0.005M-DTPA extractable Pb, which were relatively similar extractants in chemical properties. The rates of heavy metals in brown rice to total contents in soils were in the order Zn>Cd>Cu>Pb. Specially, the rate of Cd, Pb, and Zn were lower at the highest level of soil pH and Ex. Ca. Both Cd and Zn in brown rice were positively correlated with those of all soil extractants. It was estimated that the solubility following to the plant uptake of Cd and Zn were higher than those of Cu and Pb considering relationships between all kinds of heavy metal contents in soil and those in brown rice.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.70-85
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• 2006

A nationwide survey on necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) was undertaken among members of the Korean Association of Pediatric Surgeons. The members were required to complete a questionnaire and the case registration form for each patient during the three-year period from July 2001 to June 2004. Eighty one patients were included in the questionnaire, but only 71 patients were registered from 22 members in 16 hospitals. At the same time survey on focal intestinal perforation (FIP) was undertaken and 17 patients were registered from 11 members in 10 hospitals. Total 19,041 newborns were admitted to neonatal intensive care unit during the study period. Eighty one patients (17.27 %) were underwent surgery among 469 babies who were managed under the impression of NEC. The male to female ratio was 2.1:1. The premature were 60.6 %. The most common site of involvement was ileum. Overall and operation survival of NEC were 72 % and 79 %, respectively. The survival was lower in smaller babies, multiple segments involvement and involvement of both the small and large intestine. But there was no difference in survival according to sex or prematurity. The FIP showed very similarity with NEC in terms of incidence, and the age of diagnosis and operation. But the survival was much better and 100 %. The results showed the clinical characteristics of NEC and the trend of management in NEC in Korea. In the future we hope we can discuss about this topic in prospective manner.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.11
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• pp.1493-1499
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• 2012

The level of genetic variation and relationships in three native Korean goat populations (Dangjin, Jangsu, and Tongyeong) as well as the populations of a farm were analyzed, based on 30 microsatellite markers. A total of 277 distinct alleles were observed across the four goat populations, and 102 (36.8%) of these alleles were unique to only one population. The mean observed heterozygosity and polymorphism information content were calculated as 0.461~0.651 and 0.462~0.679, respectively. In the NJ tree constructed based on Nei's $D_A$ genetic distance, the four populations represented four distinct groups. However, the genetic distances between each Korean native goat population and the farm population were two times those among the three native Korean breeds. The genetic structure within the three Korean native goat populations was also investigated. Cluster analysis, using the STRUCTURE software, suggested three clusters. The molecular information of genetic diversity and relationships in this study will be useful for the evaluation, conservation, and utilization of native Korean goat breeds as genetic resources.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.29-50
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• 2001

This research have been made to define how the IADL (Instrumental Activity of Daily Living) performance and the subjective health index of the Aged are affected by their residential circumstance, gender and age, and how deeply these two factors are related and interact. For the period of June 1 to July 31, 2000, we had conducted a questionnaire and direct interview with 693 persons over age sixty-five (65) in Daejon and in other adjacent area, grouping into three different residential types The Aged living at home, The Aged living at welfare facilities and The Aged living alone, and studied on how the IADL performance and the subjective health index of the Aged are influenced and interact as per their characteristics, daily activity and mentality. We had analyzed all the data obtained through this research by the method of : - analysis of frequency as per specific factors by SPSS 1O.0/PC+, - $x^2$ test, - t-test, - ANOVA, - multiple regression analysis by factors. The research concludes followings : a. It appears that the three (3) factors such as gender, age and residential circumstance of the Aged deeply affect the IADL performance and subjective health index of the Aged. (p<0.01) b. With regard to IADL performance of the Aged by the gender, it was analyzed that the female-Aged gains 23.8 point on average, which shows the performance of the female-Aged is less independent. (p<0.01). In addition, it was also found that the IADL performance is becoming less and less independent following their age increasing. In analyzing IADL performance by the residential type, it appears that the Aged living at welfare facilities gains the lowest 21.5 points and is least independent. It was also found that the Aged living at welfare facilities need some assistances from others for their performing IADL. (20-24 point) (p<0.001) c. With regard to the subjective health index of the all-Aged participated in this research, the analysis indicates 8.8 point and this is considered as a point of general standard (7-10 point). In analyzing this index by the gender, the female-Aged gains only 8.6 point which explains a lot of female-Aged consider they are not really healthy. (p<0.001) In analyzing this index by the residential type, the Aged living at welfare facilities and the Aged living alone gain the comparatively lower point, - respectively 8.4 point for the Aged living at welfare facilities and 8.8 point for the Aged living alone. The Aged living at these two residential types express they are obviously in a bad situation of health. (p<0.001) d. With regard to the factors affecting the IADL performance and the subjective health index of the Aged, it was analyzed that the IADL performance can largely be affected by the factors such as depression, frequency of going-out and age rising, and that the subject health index can also deeply be affected by depression, pain and by how much they are satisfied with their current living conditions. e. It was analyzed that the interacting between the IADL performance and the subjective health index is not that strong but even weak. As a result, we were able to conclude that the IADL performance is less independent in case of the female-Aged, the Aged living at welfare facilities, and following the age rising. As for the subjective health state the Aged themselves are aware of, we concluded that the female-Aged, the Aged living at welfare facilities and the Aged living alone, are more critical about their health. From this research, we were able to realize that, when the OMT (Orthopedic Manual Therapy) needed, the physical therapists are really required to have a correct and cautious understanding of the situation in which the aged persons are, and take care of them with more concerns and more improved treatment.