• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.123-133
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• 1994

The ground pork patties were made to add two level of sodium chloride(2.5%, 3.0%) and replace part(50%) of the sodium chloride(NaCl) with either potassium chloride(KCl), magnesium chloride(MgCl2) or calcium chloride(CaCl2). These samples were analyzed for their chemical composition, VBN value, TBA value, microbial counts, and cooking loss. The ground pork with NaCl 2.5% was more desirable in saltness than the ground pork with NaCl 3.0%. Replacing 50% of the sodium chloride with potassium chloride was more desirable to flavor, color, juiciness, and overall acceptability than replacing 50% of the sodium chloride with either magnesium chloride or calcium chloride. The ground pork with NaCl 2.5% or NaCl 1.25% ＋KCI 1.60% had higher pH value than the ground pork with NaCl 1.25% ＋MgCl2 0.67% or NaCl 1.25% ＋CaCl2 0.79%. The ground pork with the ground pork with NaCl 2.5% had lower VBN value than the ground pork with either NaCl 1.25%＋KCI 1.60%, NaCl 1.25% ＋ MgCl2 0.67%, or NaCl 1.25% ＋CaCl2 0.79%. The ground pork with NaCl 1.25% ＋ CaCl2 0.67% had higher increase in total colony count than the ground pork with NaCl 2.5% or NaCl 1.25% ＋ CaCl2 0.79%. Cooking loss of ground pork with NaCl 2.5% was lowest and cooking loss of ground pork with NaCl 1.25% ＋ KCl 1.60% was highest. Potassium chloride would not be a substitute for sodium chloride in cooking loss and total colony count but potassium chloride more closely approximated the sensory properties of sodium chloride than either magnesium chloride or calcium chloride.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.67-74
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• 1995

The aim of this study was to investigate the interrelationship among urinary excretion dietary habit of Na, Ca intake and hormonal factors in 22 hypertensive and 30 normotensive hospitalized patients. The results were summarized as follows : 1. Urinary excretion of Na in normotensive patients was not significantly different from that of hypertensive patients, while Ca excretion(as expressed on the basis of mg of creatinine) was significantly higher in hypertensive patients. 2. Habitual dietary intake of Na, Ca in hypertensive patients were not significantly different from those of normotensive patients. 3. There were no significant differences in mean plasma renin activity, aldosterone and parathyroid hormone(PTH) level between two groups. However, systolic pressure significantly correlated with PTH(r=0.2597) and aldosterone level(r=0.24648)(P<0.05). In this study blood pressure did not show any significant relationship between urinary Na excretion and habitual dietary Na intake of Na. It is speculated that individual difference of Na sensitivity might result in heterogenous blood pressure response to dietary Na intake. Higher Ca excretion in hypertensive subjects suggested a future study on the interrelationship between Ca metabolism and aldosterone system in hypertension.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.12-15
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• 2022

소다석회유리의 성분인 SiO₂, Na₂O, CaO가 isokom 온도에 미치는 영향을 Lakatos 모델을 이용하여 분석하였다. CaO의 양이 일정하고, SiO₂가 1 mol% 줄고 대신 Na₂O가 1 mol% 증가할 때, log η = 12.3에서는 6℃, log η = 10에서는 7℃, log η = 6.6에서는 10℃, log η = 1에서는 24℃ isokom 온도가 낮아졌다. 그리고, Na₂O의 양이 일정하고, SiO₂가 1 mol% 줄고 대신 CaO가 1 mol% 증가할 때, log η = 12.3에서는 3~4℃, log η = 10에서는 2℃ isokom 온도가 높아지고, 반대로 log η = 6.6에서는 1℃, log η = 1에서는 21℃ isokom 온도가 낮아지는 것을 알았다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제29권10호
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• pp.1096-1104
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• 1996

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of sodium cholride supplementation on bone metabolism in female rats consuming a low calcium diet. Twenty five female rats were divided into three dietary groups (control Na : 0.1038%, 1% Na : 1.036%, 2% Na : 2.072%). All experimental diets contained 0.27% Ca and were fed to rats with deionized water for 7 weeks. Bone mineral density(BMD) and bone mineral content(BMC) of total body, spine and femur were measured using energy x-ray absorptiometry(DEXA) by small animal software. Then Ca efficiency was calculated from BMD and BMC. Serum Ca, P, Na and urine Ca, P, Na were determined. Urinary pyridinoline, serum ALP were measured to monitor bone resorption. Following 7 weeks, sodium cholride supplemented groups had higher urinary Ca excreteion, urinary pyridinoline, crosslinks value and serum ALP. There was no significant difference in case of serum Ca among all groups. Sodium chloride supplemnted groups had lower Ca effciency of total, spine and femur BMD and BMC than that of control group. In conclusion high salt intake not only increases urinary Ca excretion as urinary Na excretion does but also increase bone resorption and decrease Ca efficiency of each bone. It is been suggested that high salt intake may be harmful for bone maintenance. Therfore, the decrease of salt intake to the level of recommendation would be desirable.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.6-9
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• 1987

The study of the $Na_3YSi_3O_9$ structure, by x-ray diffraction and infrared spectrum, showed that $Na_3YSi_3O_9$ is similar to $Na_4CaSi_3O_9$ except for its being pseudo-cubic instead of cubic. The peaks in the x-ray diffraction pattern of $Na_3YSi_3O_9$ could therefore be indexed on the basis of the $Na_4CaSi_3O_9$ cell. Also, modified $Na_3MSi_3O_9$ (M = Lu, Yb, Tm, Er, Y, Ho, Dy, Gd, Eu, and Sm) type compounds were synthesized by introducing excess sodium, decreasing M(III) concentration, and substituting small amount of phosphorus for silicon. The unit cell parameters of the composition $Na_{3.2}M_{0.7}Si_{2.9}P_{0.1}O_{8.7}$ were estimated from x-ray powder diffraction patterns using the Cohen method.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제16권10호
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• pp.624-628
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• 2006

In this study, divalent europium-activated $NaCaPO_4$ green phosphor powders were prepared by the chemical synthetic method followed by heat treatment in reduced atmosphere, and the crystal structures, morphologies and photoluminescent properties of the powders were investigated by x-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscope and spectrometer for the first time. The effects of Ca/P and Na/Ca mole ratios on the final products were also investigated. The influences of input amount change of europium as the activator on the light emission intensity were studied, and the resulting concentration quenching phenomenon was observed. The optimized synthesis conditions obtained in this study were Ca/P mole ratio 1.2, Na/Ca mole ratio 3.0 and 4 mole%Eu. The peak wavelength was 505 nm for all the samples. The result of excitation spectrum measurement indicated that the excitation efficiency was high for the long-wavelength UV region. It was thus concluded that the samples prepared in this study can be successfully applied for the light-emitting devices such as LED excited with long-wavelength UV light sources.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.41-50
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• 1993

This study was intended to investigate the relationship of dietary Na and Ca intake and excretion in blood pressure regulation of free-living adults. Two separate surveys were conducted for 294 subjects in Taegu area, The results of this study are as follows ; When subjects were divided into normotensive and hypertensive, there were significant differences in age, BMI between two groups, When dietary intake were compared between two groups, no significant differences in energy, carbohydrates, fat and protein intakes were shown. While Na intake of hypertensive groups was not signidicantly different from that of normotensive groups, While Na intake of hypertensive groups was not significantly different from that of normotensive groups, ca intake of hypertensive group was significantly lower than that of normotensive group(P<0.005), Urinary Na excretion was significantly higher(P<0.05) in hyperten sive group. However, urinary Ca and K excretion in both groups were not significantly different. Urinary sodium was significantly correlated with urinary Ca and Na intake. Multiple regression analysis of variables showed that urinary sodiumwas affected by Na index, age and Ca Index. While urinary Ca, was significantly correlated with urinary Na and K excretion, it did not show significant correlation with Ca intake

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.196-201
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• 2000

흰쥐 소뇌로부터 과립신경세포를 배양하여 NaCN으로 유도되는 신경세포손상에 대한 ginsenosides의 보호효과를 검토하였다. NaCN(I~10 M)을 배양된 세포에 1시간 동안 처리하면 농도 의존적으로 신경세포사를 일으켰다. Ginsenosides(Rb$_1$, Rc, Re, Ri, Rg$_1$)(0.5, 5 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml를 세포에 전처치하면 10 mM NaCN으로 유도되는 세포사가 현저히 감소되었다. Rb$_1$과 Rc(5$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml)는 5 mM NaCN에 의하여 배양액 중으로 유리되는 glutamate의 증가를 현저히 억제하였으며, 1 mM N3CN에 의하여 유발되는 세포내 $Ca^{2+}$농도의 증가를 억제하였다. NaCN으로 유발되는 세포독성은 또한 MK-801, verapamil, NAME에 의하여도 억제되었다. 따라서, NaCN으로 유도되는 신경세포사는 glutamate release를 통한 NMDA수용체의 활성화와 그에 따른 $Ca^{2+}$의 세포내유입에 의한 것임을 알수 있고, ginsenosides, 특히 Rb$_1$과 Rc는 $Ca^{2+}$의 유입을 억제하므로서 NaCN에 의한 신경세포사를 억제하는 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제23권9호
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• pp.537-542
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• 2013

Two types of Tb- and Na-substituted green phosphors $Ca_{(1-1.5x)}WO_4:Tb_x^{3+}$: and $Ca_{(1-2x)}WO_4:Tb_x^{3+},Na_x^+$ were synthesized with various x values, using a solid-state reaction. The former phosphors contained both substitutional and vacancy point defects, while the later had only substitutional defects. X-ray diffraction results showed that the main diffraction peak, (112), was centered at $2{\theta}=28.72^{\circ}$ and indicated that there was no basic structural deformation caused by substitutions or vacancies. The photoluminescence emission and photoluminescence excitation spectra revealed the optical properties of trivalent terbium ions, $Tb^{3+}$. Typical transitions, $^5D_3{\rightarrow}^7F_6,\;^7F_5,\;^7F_4$ and $^5D_4{\rightarrow}^7F_6,\;^7F_5,\;^7F_4,\;^7F_3$, and cross relaxations were observed. Subtle differences in the photoluminescence of green phosphors were observed as a result of the point defects. The FT-IR spectra indicated that some of the ungerade vibrational modes had shifted positions and changed shapes, spreading out over a wide range of frequencies. This change can be attributed to the different masses of $Tb^{3+}$ and $Na^+$ ions and $V_{Ca}$" vacancies compared to $Ca^{2+}$ ions. The gerade normal modes of the Raman spectra exhibited subtle differences resulting from point defects in $Ca_{(1-1.5x)}Tb_xWO_4$ and $Ca_{(1-2x)}Tb_xNa_xWO_4$.

• 한국생물물리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물물리학회 2003년도 정기총회 및 학술발표회
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• pp.81-81
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• 2003

Glibenclamide, a sulfonylurea derivative, has been used in tile treatment of type II diabetes mellitus. Recent studies provided evidence that glibenclamide, in addition to blocking ATP-sensitive $K^{+}$ channels, also affected Na$^{+}$-K$^{+}$ pumps and L-type $Ca^{2+}$ channels in noncardiac cells. The effect of glibenclamide on the cardiac muscle is not clearly known. In the present study, the effects of glibenclamide on intracellular Na$^{+}$ concentration ([Na$^{+}$]$_{i}$ ), twitch tension, $Ca^{2+}$ transient, and membrane potential were investigated in isolated guinea-pig ventricular myocytes. Glibenclamide at concentration of 200 $\mu$M increased [Na$^{+}$]$_{i}$ by 3.9$\pm$0.4 mM (mean $\pm$ SE, n=12), decreased twitch tension by 36.1 $\pm$ 4.0％ (mean $\pm$ SE, n=8), reduced $Ca^{2+}$ transient by 24.4$\pm$5.1％ (mean $\pm$ SE, n=3), slightly depolarized diastolic membrane potential, and did not change action potential duration. To determine whether inhibitions of Na$^{+}$-K$^{+}$ pumps and L-type $Ca^{2+}$ channels are responsible for the increase of [Na$^{+}$]$_{i}$ and the decrease of twitch tension, we tested effects of glibenclamide on Na$^{+}$-K$^{+}$ pump current and L-type $Ca^{2+}$ current. Glibenclamide decreased Na$^{+}$-K$^{+}$ pump current and L-type $Ca^{2+}$ current in a concentration-dependent manner.t in a concentration-dependent manner.