• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.94-99
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate in vivo lipid peroxidation in rats under conditions of streptozotocin-induced oxidative stress and the antioxidant effects of probucol. In vivo lipid peroxidation was observed by measuring low molecular weight aldehydes and related carbonyl compounds in rat urine. Three groups of male Wistar rats weighing 165-190 g were used: normal (N), streptozotocin-induced oxidative stress (OS) and oxidative stress plus probucol treatment (P). following streptozotocin treatment of the rats, a variety of secondary lipid peroxidation products were increased. The levels of butanal, hexanal, hex-2-enal, kept-2-enal, octanal, non-2-enal, deca-2,4-dienal, 4-hydroxyhex-2-enal, 4-hydroxyno n-2-enal, malondi aldehyde(MDA), and unknown carbonyl compounds were significantly increased in the oxidative stress group compared to the control group. Treatment with probucol resulted in significant decreases in buoal, hexanal, hex-2-enal, octanal, deca-2,4-dienal, 4-hydroxyhex-2-enal, MDA and unknown carbonyl compounds. Hept-2-enal, hepta-2,4-dienal and non-2-enal appeared to have a tendency to decrease due to pobucol treatment.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.7-21
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• 2014

Objectives : To observe the regenerative effects of indirect moxibustion, a traditional Korean medical treatment on skeletal muscles using mouse model of skeletal muscle adiposity. Methods : Twenty seven ICR male mice were randomly assigned into Intact control(n=3), glycerol treatment together without moxibustion(n=12), and glycerol treatment together with moxibustion (n=12) groups. Mice of glycerol treatment groups were injected with 50 ${\mu}l$ DW(distilled water) containing 50 % of glycerol into the two tibialis anterior. After injection, moxibustion was applied at 'Shenshu'($BL_{23}$) and 'Zusanli'($ST_{36}$) acupoints three times per each session, every days for twelve days(total 12 treatments). Phospho-Erk1/2, Myostatin protein levels were analyzed by western blotting and immunofluo-rescence staining techniques for tissues of the tibialis anterior muscle. Smad, phospho-Smad were analyzed by immunofluorescence staining. Results : 1. Histological analysis of sections from injected TA muscles showed that glycerol induced rapidly muscle necrosis, with a maximum at day 3. 6 days and 9 days after injection, muscle was regenerating. 2. According to western blotting and immunofluorescence staining, phospho-Erk1/2 protein signals in glycerol treatment with moxibustion group were stronger compared to Intact and glycerol treatment without moxibustion group. 3. According to western blotting and immunofluorescence staining, myostatin protein signals in glycerol treatment without moxibustion group were stronger compared to Intact and glycerol treatment with moxibustion group. 4. According to immunofluorescence staining, Smad protein signals in glycerol treatment without moxibustion group were stronger compared to Intact and glycerol treatment with moxibustion group. 5. According to immunofluorescence staining, phospho-Smad protein signals in glycerol treatment without moxibustion group were stronger compared to Intact and glycerol treatment with moxibustion group. Conclusions : These results confirm that indirect moxibustion of 'Shenshu'($BL_{23}$) and 'Zusanli'($ST_{36}$) influences muscle regeneration in mouse models of skeletal muscle adiposity. Further discussion, and the establishment of moxibustion mechanism will prompt clinical application of moxibustion.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.227-240
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• 2000

The purpose of this article was to identify trend in Arthritis research and to provide ba an approach of Arthritis research. The results of analysis of 69 Arthritis articles public year of between 1970-1999 found that most articles(27.6%, n=19) were published since few(10.1%, n=7) were before 1994. Vast majority of articles(79.8%, n=55) were printed in The Journal of Rheumatology Health, and 79.8%(n=55) of those were quantitative research, 8.7%(n=6) were qualitative research, and 14%(n=1) was methodological research. 29.0%(n=20) of quantitative research were carried in experimental design and over half(50.8%, n=35) in nonexperimental design. Having concerned the types of treatment(or intervention) used in experimental study, the most common treatment was 'exercise' (45.0%, n=9), and other less common were 'self-help education(15.0%, n=3), home care(10.0%, n=2) supportive care(10.0%, n=2), flexibility exercise combined with local heat therapy(5.0%, n=1), relaxation training(5.0%, n=1). Of the types of exercise, aquatic exercise was 30.0%(n=6). The effect of exercise on outcome variable was found to be most strong among the other types of treatment. 18 articles of nonexperimental research were correlational research. From the analysis of correlational research, 29 concepts were identified, and the relationship between depression and other variable were strongly reported. In descriptive studies, most commonly physiological variables were examined in 5 articles(29.5%). Only one study(5.9%) explored patient's perception of the causal factors and those causality. In qualitative researches, two study were carried out by the means of grounded theory. Majority of those subjects were RA patients, and the largest number of sample were 23 and the smallest was 1 In two studies, patient's perceived causality of RA was identified as a research problems, and an experience of ADL, fatigue Phenomenon, an experience of having a total knee replacement with osteoarthritis were each found in one study. Methodological research was carried out to test validity and reliability of the RA Fatigue Scale.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.164-172
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• 2008

The survival rate for rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) has significantly improved after the introduction of combined multimodality treatment. We report the 20-year treatment outcome of pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma in a single institution. The medical records of 16 patients treated for rhabdomyosarcoma between December 1986 and August 2007 at the Department of Pediatric Surgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, were retrospectively reviewed. Mean age at diagnosis was 7.1 years (range: 1.3 -14.2 years). Retroperitoneum was the most common primary site (n=7, 43.8 %), and embryonal type was predominant (n=11, 6 %). Before the treatment, most patients were in advanced TNM stage (stage III 50 %, IV; 25 %). The patient distribution according to the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study Clinical Grouping System (IRS-CGS) was as follows; Group I 31.3 %, Group II 12.5 %, Group III 31.3 % and Group IV 25 %. Patients were classified into three groups according to the extent of resection of the primary tumor; complete resection (CR, n=5; 31.3 %), gross total resection (GTR, n=7; 43.8 %) and incomplete resection (IR, n=4; 25 %). Recurrence was observed in 9 patients (56.3 %) while there was no recurrence in CR patients. All patients with recurrence were identified as moderate or high-risk according to the IRS-V Risk Group. Pre-treatment TNM stage of RMS in our institution was advanced with aggressive clinical feature, however postsurgical conditions according to IRS-CGS were similar to the previous reports by IRS. This suggests that down-staging of IRS-CGS was achieved with multimodality treatment with CR or GTR. It also suggests that complete resection is the most important prognostic factor in the treatment of RMS in children. Patients classified as moderate or high-risk need close follow-up due to high recurrence rate. In case of localized recurrence, better outcome may be achieved with multimodality treatment including limited surgery.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.846-850
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• 2006

The biological nutrient removal from domestic wastewater with low C/N ratio is difficult. Therefore, this study was performed to increase influent C/N ratio by ammonia stripping without required carbon source and for improving treatment efficiencies of sewerage by the combination process of ammonia stripping and BNR (StripBNR). The results of this study were summarized as follows. BOD removal efficiencies of BNR and StripBNR were 95.3% and 93.2%, respectively. T-N and T-P removal efficiencies of BNR were 53.3% and 40.8%, respectively. T-N and T-P removal efficiencies of StripBNR were 72.8% and 62.9%, respectively. Concentrations of $NH_3-N$, $NO_2-N$ and $NO_3-N$ at BNR effluent were 0.03 mg/L, 0.08 mg/L and 9.12 mg/L, respectively. On the other hands, concentrations of $NH_3-N$, $NO_2-N$ and $NO_3-N$ at StripBNR effluent were 5.79 mg/L, 0.01 mg/L and 0.14 mg/L, respectively. Consequently, influent C/N ratio of BNR process was increased by ammonia stripping. Removal efficiency of T-N and T-P was improved about 20% by the process of StripBNR.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.435-438
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• 2004

MOCVD is one of the major deposition techniques for Cu thin films and Ta-Si-N is one of promising barrier metal candidates for Cu with high thermal stability. Effects of hydrogen plasma pretreatment of the underlying Ta-Si-N film surface on the Cu nucleation in Cu MOCVD were investigated using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Auger electron emission spectrometry analyses. Cu nucleation in MOCVD is enhanced as the rf-power and the plasma exposure time are increased in the hydrogen plasma pretreatment. The optimal plasma treatment process condition is the rf-power of 40 Wand the plasma exposure time of 2 min. The hydrogen gas flow rate in the hydrogen plasma pretreatment process does not affect Cu nucleation much. The mechanism through which Cu nucleation is enhanced by the hydrogen plasma pretreatment of the Ta-Si-N film surface is that the nitrogen and oxygen atoms at the Ta-Si-N film surface are effectively removed by the plasma treatment. Consequently the chemical composition was changed from Ta-Si-N(O) into Ta-Si at the Ta-Si-N film surface, which is favorable for Cu nucleation.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.163-171
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• 1981

CHO 세포를 재료로 ENU와 MNU를 여러농도로 처리한후 시간 경과에 따른 염색체 이상율을 조사하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. (1) ENU와 MNU에 의한 염색체 이상 빈도는 처리 후 시간의 경과와 농도에 따라 상이한 현상을 나타냈다. (2) ENU 처리군에서는 염색체 이상형은 염색분체 절단이 대부분이었으나 고농도군 ($10^-3 M$)에서는 처리 후 24시간에 염색분체 교환이 염색분체 절단을 능가하였다. (3) MNU 처리군에서는 염색체 이상형은 염색분체 절단이 대부분이었으나 $10^-4$ M 이상에서는 처리후 12시간부터 염색분체 교환이 염색분체 절단을 능가하였다.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.206-218
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• 1994

In 50%$NH_3+Air+N_2$ atmospheres, the effect of air additions on the growth characteristics of the compound layer during oxynitriding at $570^{\circ}C$ for 2hr in carbon and alloy steels has been investigated. The ammount of apparent residual ammonia during oxynitriding has shown to be increased with air additions(9~36 Vol. %) and X-ray diffraction analysis of case oxynitreded has shown that the compound layer consist of ${\varepsilon}-Fe_{2-3}$(N, C) phase and ${\gamma}^{\prime}-Fe_4$(N,C) phase. In the case of carbon steels, the thickness of oxide layer, compound layer and porous layer and the amount of ${\varepsilon}-Fe_{2-3}$(N,C) phase in the compound layer were increased with additions of air in 50%$NH_3+N_2$ atmospheres. At the same gas composition, the thickenss of oxide layer, compound layer and porous layer in alloy steels showed slightly thin layer thickness compared to those of carbon steels and the ${\gamma}^{\prime}-Fe_4$(N,C) phase in the compound layer of alloy steels was found barely. Therefore, the most obvious effect of air addition in the gas nitriding atmosphere has been found to in crease further kinetics of nitriding reaction.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.903-910
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• 2014

This study examined the treatment characteristics of hard-to-degrade pollutants such as TCE which are found in organic solvent and cleaning wastewater by nZVI that have excellent oxidation and reduction characteristics. In addition, this study tried to find out the degradation characteristics of TCE by Fenton-like process, in which $H_2O_2$ is dosed additionally. In this study, different ratios of nZVI and $H_2O_2$, such as 1.0 mM : 0.5 mM, 1.0 mM : 1.0 mM, and 1.0 mM : 2.0 mM were used. When 1.0 mM of nZVI was dosed with 1.0 mM of $H_2O_2$, the removal efficiency of TOC was the highest and the first order rate constant was also the highest. When 1mM of nZVI was dosed with 0.5 mM of $H_2O_2$, the first order rate constant and removal efficiency were the lowest. The size of first order rate constant and removal efficiency was in the order of nZVI 1.0 mM : $H_2O_2$ 1.0 mM > nZVI 1.0 mM : $H_2O_2$ 2.0 mM > nZVI 1.0 mM : $H_2O_2$ 0.5 mM > $H_2O_2$ 1.0 mM > nZVI 1.0 mM. It is estimated that when 1.0 mM of nZVI is dosed with 1.0 mM of $H_2O_2$, $Fe^{2+}$ ion generated by nZVI and $H_2O_2$ react in the stoichiometric molar ratio of 1:1, thus the first order rate constant and removal efficiency are the highest. And when 1.0 mM of nZVI is dosed with 2.0 mM of $H_2O_2$, excessive $H_2O_2$ work as a scavenger of OH radicals and excessive $H_2O_2$ reduce $Fe^{3+}$ into $Fe^{2+}$. As for the removal efficiency of TOC in TCE by simultaneous dose and sequential dose of nZVI and $H_2O_2$, sequential dose showed higher first order reaction rate and removal efficiency than simultaneous dose. It is estimated that when nZVI is dosed 30 minutes in advance, pre-treatment occurs and nanoscale $Fe^0$ is oxidized to $Fe^{2+}$ and TCE is pre-reduced and becomes easier to degrade. When $H_2O_2$ is dosed at this time, OH radicals are generated and degrade TCE actively.

• 현장농수산연구지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.95-105
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• 2013

복숭아 '미백도'에서 Urea 및 K₂SO₄를 토양 또는 수체처리하여 토양의 화학성, 과실의 무기성분 농도, 과피색 및 과실품질에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 토양의 화학성 중 K의 함량은 경핵기 Urea 162g+K₂SO₄ 188g/주(표준) 토양처리, 수확 20일 전 K₂SO₄ 1.0% 수체살포, Urea 81g+K₂SO₄ 94g/주(반량), Urea 162g+K₂SO₄ 188g 및 Urea 324g+K₂SO₄ 376g/주(배량) 토양처리에서 무처리에 비하여 증가하였다. 엽의 무기성분 농도는 전처리 모두 엽내 T-N, K 및 Ca 농도가 높았으며 Na 농도는 Urea 0.5% 및 K₂SO₄ 1.0% 수체살포가 높았다. 과피내 T-N 농도는 수확 20일 전 Urea 162g+K₂SO₄ 188g 토양처리에서 높았으나 K₂SO₄ 1.0% 수체살포 및 Urea 81g+K₂SO₄ 94g 토양처리에서는 낮았다. 과피 직하과육(1~10mm부위)의 T-N, K, Ca 농도는 Urea 0.5% 수체살포를 제외한 모든 처리에서 높았다. 엽중은 수확 20일 전 Urea 0.5% 수체살포, Urea 162g+K₂SO₄ 188g 및 Urea 324g+K₂SO₄ 376g 토양처리에서 증가하였다. 과중은 수확 20일전 Urea 162g+K₂SO₄ 188g 토양처리에서 현저하게 증가하였다. 과피색(Hunter a값)은 수확 20일 전 K₂SO₄ 1.0% 수체살포, Urea 81g+K₂SO₄ 94g 및 Urea 324g+K₂SO₄ 376g 토양처리에서 과피 적색 향상에 효과적이었다. 당도는 Urea 0.5% 수체살포, K₂SO₄ 1.0% 수확 20일 전 수체살포 및 Urea 162g+K₂SO₄ 188g 경핵기 토양처리에서 증가하였다.