• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.631-638
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• 2015

In Korea, yam with thermal treatment is widely used to produce tea and beverage, which appeals to all age groups. To better understand the antioxidative activity of thermal treatment yam (Dioscorea batatas $D_{ECNE.}$), n-butanol and ethyl acetate extracts were evaluated with different antioxidant testing system. Their antioxidant activities, including ABTS [2,2' -azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt] radical scavenging activity, DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity, reducing power, and ferric reducing antioxidant power as well as total phenol contents were assessed in vitro. Results showed ethyl acetate extract ($51.63{\pm}2.51mg\;CAE/g$) possessed similar total phenol content compared with n-butanol extract ($53.93{\pm}1.00mg\;CAE/g$). Ethyl acetate extract also exhibited similarly stronger antioxidant activity compared with n-butanol extract apart from ABTS radical scavenging activity assay.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.208-218
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• 2019

Background: The anatomy of middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysms has been noted to be unfavorable for endovascular treatment. The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility and efficacy of coiling for MCA aneurysms. Methods: From January 2004 to December 2015, 72 MCA aneurysms (38 unruptured and 34 ruptured) in 67 patients were treated with coils. Treatment-related complications, clinical outcomes, and immediate and follow-up angiographic outcomes were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Aneurysms were located at the MCA bifurcation (n=60), 1st segment (M1, n=8), and 2nd segment (M2, n=4). Sixty-nine aneurysms (95.8%) were treated by neck remodeling techniques using multi-catheter (n=44), balloon (n=14), stent (n=8), or combination of these (n=3). Only 3 aneurysms were treated by single-catheter technique. Angiographic results were 66 (91.7%) complete, 5 (6.9%) remnant neck, and 1 (1.4%) incomplete occlusion. Procedural complications included aneurysm rupture (n=1), asymptomatic coil migration to the distal vessel (n=1), and acute thromboembolism (n=10) consisting of 8 asymptomatic and 2 symptomatic events. Treatment-related permanent morbidity and mortality rates were 4.5% and 3.0%, respectively. There was no bleeding on clinical follow-up (mean, 29 months; range, 6-108 months). Follow-up angiographic results (mean, 26 months; range, 6-96 months) in patients included 1 major and 3 minor recanalizations. Conclusion: Coiling of MCA aneurysms could be a technically feasible and clinically effective treatment strategy with acceptable angiographic and clinical outcomes. However, the safety and efficacy of this technique as compared to surgical clipping remains to be ascertained.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.99-105
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• 1994

본 실험은 양액내 NO$_3$$^{-}$-N : NH$_4$$^{+}$-N 비율이 잎파(Allium fistulosum L.) 생육 및 품질에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 실시하였으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 양액내 pH는 NO$_3$$^{-}$-N : NH$_4$$^{+}$-N 비율이 9:1인 처리구에서는 상승하였고, NO$_3$$^{-}$-N : NH$_4$$^{+}$-N 비율이 1:1, 1:3인 처리구에서는 하강하는 경향이 있었으나, 3:1 처리구에서는 안정적인 PH를 유지하였다. 외관상 생육은 NO$_3$$^{-}$-N : NH$_4$$^{+}$-N 비율이 9:1인 처리구에서 가장 양호하였으며, NO$_3$$^{-}$-N : NH$_4$$^{+}$-N 비율이 1 :3인 처리구에서 가장 저조하였다. 식물체내의 NO$_3$$^{-}$-N의 함량은 양액내의 NO$_3$$^{-}$-N 비율이 높을수록 증가하였다. Pyruvic acid 함량은 생육이 양호한 NO$_3$$^{-}$-N : NH$_4$$^{+}$-N 비율이 9:1, 3:1인 처리구에서 높았으며, 1:3처리구에서는 낮았다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.275-279
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• 2001

품질관련 성분 중 총질소, 총아미노산, 엽록소 및 비타민 C는 $CO_2$ gas 3시간 혐기처리가 타처리에 비해 함량이 약간 많았으며, 탄닌은 공기 처리가 카페인은 진공처리에서 함량이 약간 많은 경향이었다. 유리당은 $CO_2$ gas 처리가 2,050mg/100g으로 타처리에 비해 ${31{\sim}449mg/100g}$정도 많았다. 혐기처리시 GABA와 alanine이 축적되는데, GABA함량은 ${N_2\;CO_2}$ gas 처리가 무처리 (350mg/100g)에 비해 215mg/100g과 264mg/100g으로 $6{\sim}8$배 많았다. 제다품질은 무처리 80.4점에 비해 $N_2$, $CO_2$ gas 처리 각각 80.0, 80.3점으로 차이가 거의 없었으나, 공기 및 진공처리는 각각 78.3, 78.9점으로 약간 품질이 저하되는 경향이었다. $N_2$나 $CO_2$ gas처리 후 제다된 녹차는 기능성분인 GABA함량이 무처리에 비해 $6{\sim}8$배 많고, 제다 품질도 양호하였다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.368-373
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• 2014

Ammonia loss from urea significantly hinders efficient use of urea in agriculture. The level of nitrous oxide ($N_2O$) a long-lived greenhouse gas in atmosphere has increased mainly due to anthropogenic source, especially application of nitrogen fertilizers. There are reports in the literature showing that the addition of zeolite to N sources can improve the nitrogen use efficiency. This study was conducted to evaluate nitrous oxide ($N_2O$) and ammonia ($NH_3$) emission by mixed treatment of urea and zeolite in upland crop field. Urea fertilizer and zeolite were applied at different rates to study their effect on $N_2O$ emission during red pepper cultivation in upland soils. The $N_2O$ gas was collected by static closed chamber method and measured by gas chromatography. Ammonia concentration was analyzed by closed-dynamic air flow system method. The total $N_2O$ flux increased in proportion to the level of N application. Emission of $N_2O$ from the field increased from the plots applied with urea-zeolite mixture compared to urea alone. But urea-zeolite mixture treatment reduced about 30% of $NH_3$-N volatilization amounts. These results showed that the application of urea and zeolite mixture had a positive influence on reduction of $NH_3$ volatilization, but led to the increase in $N_2O$ emission in upland soils.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.119-125
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• 1993

수경재배에서 암모늄태질소와 질산태질소의 비율이 들깨의 생육에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 NO$_3$-N:NH$_4$-N의 비율을 12:0, 9:3, 6:6(me/$\ell$)으로 처리한 동계 실험의 결과, NO$_3$-N 단용구에서는 pH가 상승했고, NH$_4$-N의 비율이 증가할수록 pH는 빠른 속도로 저하되었다. EC는 증가하였는데, 혼용구에서 더 크게 증가하였다. 줄기의 기부둘레, 초장, 뿌리상태, 수확량은 NO$_3$-N:NH$_4$-N=6:6에서 가장 좋았으며, NO$_3$-N 단용구에서 생육이 가장 저조하였다. 엽중 무기물 함량중 질소, 칼리, 철, 인산은 NH$_4$-N 혼용구에서 많았고, Ca, Mg, Mn등은 NO$_3$-N 단용구에서 가장 많았다. 사사 : 들깨실험에 관하여 조언해 준 원예시험장의 임채일 연구관과 무기물 분석을 도와준 과수연구소 이한찬, 최인명 씨에게 감사드린다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.51-65
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• 2002

This study was carried out to apply some basic physical and chemical treatment options including Fenton's oxidation, and to evaluate the performances and the characteristics of organic and nitrogen removal using lab-scale biological treatment system such as complete-mixing activated sludge and sequencing batch reactor(SBR) processes for the treatment of leachate from a municipal waste landfill in Gyeongnam province. The results were as follows: Chemical coagulation experiments using aluminium sulfate, ferrous sulfate and ferric chloride resulted in leachate CO $D_{Cr}$ removal of 32%, 23% and 21 % with optimum reaction dose ranges of 10,000～15,000 mg/$\ell$, 1,000 mg/$\ell$ and 500～2,000 mg/$\ell$, respectively. Fenton's oxidation required the optimum conditions including pH 3.5, 6 hours of reaction time, and hydrogen peroxide and ferrous sulfate concentrations of 2,000 ～ 3,000 mg/$\ell$ each with 1:1 weight ratio to remove more than 50% of COD in the leachate containing CO $D_{Cr}$ between 2,000 ～ 3,000 mg/$\ell$. Air-stripping achieved to remove more than 97% of N $H_3$-N in the leachate in spite of requiring high cost of chemicals and extensive stripping time, and, however, zeolite treatment removing 94% of N $H_3$-N showed high selectivity to N $H^{+}$ ion and much faster removal rate than air-stripping. The result from lab-scale experiment using a complete-mixing activated sludge process showed that biological treatability tended to increase more or less as HRT increased or F/M ratio decreased, and, however, COD removal efficiency was very poor by showing only 36% at HRT of 29 days. While COD removal was achieved more during Fenton's oxidation as compared to alum treatment for the landfill leachate, the ratio of BOD/COD after Fenton's oxidation considerably increased, and the consecutive activated sludge process significantly reduced organic strength to remove 50% of CO $D_{Cr}$ and 95% of BO $D_{5}$ . The SBR process was generally more capable of removing organics and nitrogen in the leachate than complete-mixing activated sludge process to achieve 74% removal of influent CO $D_{Cr}$ , 98% of BO $D_{5}$ and especially 99% of N $H_3$-N. However, organic removal rates of the SBR processes pre-treated with air-stripping and with zeolite were not much different with those without pre-treatment, and the SBR process treated with powdered activated carbon showed a little higher rate of CO $D_{Cr}$ removal than the process without any treatment. In conclusion, the biological treatment process using SBR proved to be the most applicable for the treatment of organic contents and nitrogen simultaneously and effectively in the landfill leachate.e.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.182-191
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• 1999

가축분퇴비와 화학비료 혼용시 시비량 결정의 기초자료를 얻기 위하여 토양검정에 의한 NPK구를 대조구로 하였고, 돈분톱밥퇴비중 인산함량을 감안하여 시용한 돈분톱밥퇴비+NK 2수준 돈분톰밥퇴비와 토양검정에 의한 화학비료 시비량을 시용한 돈분톱밥퇴비10톤 및 20톤+NPK와 무비구를 포함한 6처리로 하여 사양토에서 포장시험을 수행한 결과는 다음과 같다. 벼 생육시기별 경수는 NPK구가 분얼기와 유수형성기에서 많았으나, 출수기에는 돈분10톤 및 20톤+NPK구에서 많았으며, 돈분2.1톤 및 4.2톤+NK구에서는 전 생육기간 동안 적은 경향이었으며, 식물체의질소, 인산 및 칼리흡수량은 돈분20톤+NPK구에서 많았고, 질소이용율은 NPK구, 인산 및 칼리이용율은 각각 돈분2.1톤+NK구, 돈분4.2톤+NK구에서 높았고, 정조수량은 돈분20톤+NPK>돈분10톤+NPK>돈분4.2톤+NK>NPK>돈분2.1톤+NK구 순이었으나, 돈분4.2톤+NK구와 돈분10톤 및 20톤+NPK구의 수량은 유의차가 없었다. 생육시기별 토양중 암모니아태질소, 유효인산 및 치환성칼륨 함량은 각 처리 모두 분얼초기에 가장 높았고, 유수형성기에서 수확기까지는 낮은 상태로 유지되었으며, 분얼초기 토양의 각 성분합량은 돈분20톤 +NPK구에서 가장 많았으며, 토심별 유효인산함량의 분포는 돈분톰밥퇴비 시용량이 증가할수록0~20cm에서 많았으나 치환성양이온함량은 40~60cm에서 돈분10톤 및20톤+NPK구가 맡았다. 질소, 인산, 칼리의 손실량은 NPK구, 돈분2.1톤 및 돈분4.2톤+NK구에서 적었으나, 돈분10톤 및 20톤+NPK구에서 매우 많았으며, 투입량이 탈취량보다 적은 처리는 인산의 경우 돈분2.1톤+NK, 칼리는 NPK, 돈분4.2톤+NK구이었다. 돈분10톤 및 20톤+NPK처리시 투입량 과다로 인한 양분의 손실량이 매우 많았으며, 돈분20톤+NPK처리시 정조수량은 다소 높았지만도복과 도열병이 발생하였고. 돈분4.2톤+NK폭리시양분의 손실량이 적으면서 수량은 대조구와 비슷한 결과를 볼 때, 돈분톱밥퇴비를 $4.2Mg\;ha^{-1}$ 시용하고 퇴비중 양분함량을 고려하여 화학비료로서 조절시용 할 경우 수량 환경 경제성면에서 적절할 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.286-291
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 축산폐수와 하수의 연계처리 가능성을 연구하였다 축산폐수와 하수를 2:1로 혼합하고 응집제인 BF02와 응집보조제인 양이온 polymer인 C-210EL를 각각 2 mL, 100 mL씩 주입시 SS 97.6%, T-P 95%로 최적 제거효율을 보였다. Phanerochaete chrysosporium PSBL-1의 처리 특성을 살펴보기 위해서 전처리수를 축산폐수 원수에 대해 10배 희석되도록 하수와 혼합($\fallingdotseq$전처리수:하수=3:17)하였다. 이렇게 혼합된 폐수의 NBDCOD, $NH_3-N$, T-N의 제거율은 pH가 증가할수록 증가하였다. 즉, T-N 농도는 pH 6.7(5일 경과시), pH 8.0(3일 경과시), pH 10.0(1일 경과시)에서 각각 35 mg/L, 51 mg/L, 33 mg/L으로 축산폐수공공처리시설의 방류수허용기준 60 mg/L을 만족하였다. 또한 모든 pH(1일 경과시)에서 $COD_{Mn}$의 방류수허용기준 40 mg/L을 만족했다. V.A.(veratryl alcohol) 첨가시 V.A.를 첨가하지 않은 조건보다 유출수의 유기물 및 질소농도가 높게 측정되었다. $COD_{Mn}$은 C/N비(3:1)를 조절하지 않은 경우 1일 이후, T-N은 C/N비를 $4{\sim}6$으로 조절한 경우 2일 후에 축산폐수공공처리시설 방류수수질기준을 만족하였다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.669-678
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• 2014

The amount of waste water generated from the domestic sources is consistently increasing in proportion to economic growth, and the conventional activated sludge process is widely being used for general waste water treatment. But the ministry of environment becomes stringthent treatment standards of N and P (less than 20mg/L of N, 2mg/L of P) to prevent the eutrophication of lake water, and therefore highly advanced treatment technology is required not only in the existing treatment plants where the activated sludge process is being used, but also in newly constructed treatment plants for the treatment of N and P. This study is aimed at highly operating the engineering technology method was developed by domestic to eliminate N and P at the same time. Experiments were conducted in the treatment plant located in Yong In city. The bioreactor was started from the principal equipment for the elimination of N and P and the elimination of organic compounds. It consists of an internal recycle piping from the end of the aerobic tank to the anoxic tank and external recycle piping from the final settling basin to the denitrification tank. By experiment of 4 types separate inflow of waste water to the denitrification tank and the anaerobic tank, and changes in staying time at the anoxic tank and the aerobic tank, the elimination of organic compounds in each type and the relationship in the efficiency between the elimination of N and P were researched.